65438+July 0840
British sailors went on a rampage in Tsim Sha Tsui and killed an innocent villager. Lin Zexu protested and demanded that the British commercial director in China hand over the murderer. Instead of handing over the murderer, Lu Yi took the opportunity to expand its aggression and invaded Guangdong coastal armed forces several times in a row. Guan Tianpei took the lead, led the soldiers to be ready, bravely resisted, and defeated the British army many times, which made its aggression fail. Guan Taishou fought bloody battles in Humen.
Seeing that Guan Tianpei had a strong military force, Yifa dared not provoke at will, while the British opium dealers continued to smuggle opium. Guan Tianpei actively cooperated with Lin Zexu in searching for opium smugglers. After the Opium War broke out, under the leadership of Lin Zexu, Guan Tianpei led a heroic counterattack against the British army. The British army could not occupy Guangdong, so they had to divide their forces and invade Tianjin. However, the dizzy Daoguang Emperor succumbed to the demands of the invaders, ordered Lin Zexu to be dismissed, and sent Qishan, the governor of Zhili, to replace him. As soon as Qishan arrived in Guangzhou, he opposed the practices of Lin Zexu and Guan Tianpei, and ordered the removal of the coastal defense that Guan Tianpei had painstakingly worked for many years. Two-thirds of the navy was dismissed, and all the soldiers with the strongest fighting capacity were dismissed, catering to the needs of the British army.
184 1 year 1 month
The British took advantage of the situation and captured Shajiao and Dajiao Fort, and Humen fell. At this time, Humen Fort was only defended by a few troops, and the situation was extremely critical. Guan Tianpei sat in the front line and asked JiShan for reinforcements. The shameful traitor Qi Shan was afraid of obstructing the "peace talks" and did not dare to send troops. Guan Tianpei was furious and decided to do his duty. He took out his own money to supplement his salary, encouraged the soldiers to bravely kill the enemy, and gave some lost teeth and some old clothes to his family, expressing his determination to live with the battery.
February 26(th)
The British attacked Humen on a large scale. After the enemy blew up the chain of blocking the river and captured several fortresses such as crosspieces, they shelled Jingyuan Fort where Guan Tianpei was located. Guan Tianpei led the soldiers, brandished knives and commanded them to persevere. From noon to late at night, the fighting was extremely fierce. Helpless and outnumbered, most soldiers guarding the fort died heroically. Guan Tianpei was also injured in 10, and his whole body was dripping with blood, but he still stood in front and shot himself. At this time, the enemy swarmed from behind the battery. A soldier tried to pull Guan Tianpei back to his position, but he stopped him with a horizontal knife. In order not to make the prefect seal fall into the enemy's hands, Guan Tianpei urged his entourage to take it away. The entourage cried and grabbed his skirt, requesting to withdraw together. Guan Tianpei flatly refused, insisted on commanding and encouraged the soldiers to fight hard. Suddenly, the enemy fired another shell, and the veteran who was over 60 years old was unfortunately shot and killed. Finally, more than 400 soldiers guarding the fort all died heroically.
Edit this paragraph. The descendants of Wu Sheng fought bloody battles in Humen.
Guan Tianpei (1781-1841), whose real name is Ying Zhong, is called Zipu. Jiangsu Yang Shan (now Huai 'an) people. Guan Tianpei is the 56th grandson of Guan Yu, a military commander [1], and a descendant of Guan Xing (a scholar in Taiwan Province Province). Father Guan was born in a martial arts family. When he was a teenager, Guan Tianpei was born in a poor family, so he only studied for a few years. After dropping out of school, I followed my father to learn martial arts and learned good martial arts. When he was young, Guan Tianpei left home alone and began to make a living by himself. Later, he devoted himself to martial arts and served as general manager, commander-in-chief, garrison, commander-in-chief, guerrilla, general and deputy general. Guan Tianpei prefect ancestral hall
Daoguang for six years (1826)
Guan Tianpei was awarded by the imperial court for his meritorious service in supervising water transportation. He was promoted to deputy commander of Taihu Camp Navy, and was promoted to company commander of Susong in Jiangnan the following year. In the 13th year of Daoguang's reign (1833), he served as the prefect of Jiangnan, and served as the prefect of Guangdong Navy the following year. Since then, he has been committed to the coastal defense construction in Guangdong.
Fourteen years of Daoguang (1834)65438+ October.
Guan Tianpei was promoted to the prefect of Guangdong Navy, responsible for guarding Humen fortress. At this time, Guan Tianpei felt a great responsibility and asked his wife and children to accompany his mother, who was nearly eighty years old, back to his hometown in Huai 'an to do filial piety for him, but he only brought three servants to his post. Guan Tianpei's mother, Wu, is an old man with a deep understanding of righteousness. Before leaving, Wu said to his son Guan Tianpei: "Go to a new post, change loyalty and filial piety first, and don't be distracted. Think of your mother. " At the beginning of taking office, Guan Tianpei "gave everything". He personally visited the site and carefully designed and formulated the expansion plan of the fort which not only conforms to the terrain of Humen, but also can effectively resist the enemy at sea, making Humen Fort a strong defensive fortress for the border defense in the South China Sea. In the 14th year of Daoguang (1834), Guan Tianpei also wrote his own experience in rectifying and strengthening coastal defense works into the book "Early Collection of Raising the Sea". This book provided an important reference for coastal defense construction in Qing Dynasty, and Guan Tianpei became an outstanding pioneer of coastal defense construction in modern China.
Nineteen years of Daoguang (1839)
The Qing government appointed Lin Zexu, the governor of Huguang, as an imperial envoy to preside over the anti-smoking campaign in Guangzhou. Guan Tianpei not only actively cooperated with Deng Tingzhen, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, to crack down on opium smugglers, but also resolutely supported Lin Zexu's anti-smoking campaign and sent the navy to undertake the important and arduous task of collecting and destroying opium. * * * confiscated more than 20,000 boxes of opium from British and American businessmen, and finally gave them all to Lin Zexu for destruction at Humentan. Because Guan Tianpei actively cooperated with Lin Zexu in the anti-smoking movement, he made great contributions and was awarded by the Qing court.
Destroy opium after Humen
British warships repeatedly provoked coastal defense in Humen, and were severely attacked by the navy under the command of Guan Tianpei. So the British navy went north, captured Dinghai, pushed Tianjin, prepared to invade Beijing, and put pressure on the Qing court. At this time, the corrupt Qing government, in the face of the strong pressure from the British army, not only did not resist, but sent Qishan as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, demolished the impregnable coastal defense set by Lin Zexu and Guan Tianpei, and even ordered the British army to invade my coastal defense, so our army could not strike back and said such nonsense as "so as not to disturb the British army".
January of the 21st year of Daoguang (184 1).
When the British army attacked Shajiao and Dajiao forts on a large scale, garrison commander Chen Liansheng fell without foreign aid, which led to the fall of the forts in the two places and finally died in the battlefield. Originally, Qi Shan prevented foreign aid troops from participating in the war, which was an important reason for Chen Liansheng's failure, but he wanted to blame Guan Tianpei.
afterwards
When the British army invaded Humen again on a large scale, Guan Tianpei, who was "making amends and making meritorious deeds", faced with the grim situation that Humen was in danger, repeatedly asked for more troops, but Qishan refused. At this time, Guan Tianpei put his personal safety in danger. Under his guidance, Humen officers and men made up their minds about the survival of the fort. In order to show his determination to resist the enemy to the death, Guan Tianpei sealed his lost teeth, old clothes and a lock of hair cut from his head and gave it to his mother, wife and children in his hometown as a farewell. Then he personally sat in Qingyuan fort and fought against the British army day and night with the soldiers.
now
British ships concentrated their forces on attacking Qingyuan Fort and Zhenyuan and Weiyuan Fort on both sides. Facing the powerful enemy, Guan Tianpei is determined to serve the country with his life without reinforcements. At this time, he also took out all his property and distributed it to the soldiers, and then shouted: "Soldiers, people are in the battery, don't leave the battery!" " Encouraged by him, all the soldiers rushed to the enemy, making him afraid to land. Just when victory was in sight, the sudden downpour flooded the fire door of the artillery and lost its attack power. Guan Tianpei saw British troops flocking ashore. At this critical moment, in order to safeguard national dignity and prevent the seal issued by the Qing court from falling into enemy hands, he ordered Sun Changqing to take the seal with him and send it back to Guangzhou provincial capital. Sun Changqing could not bear to leave at this critical moment, and asked to retreat and break through with the prefect Guan Tianpei. Guan Tianpei pulled out his broadsword and forced Chang-qing sun to break through immediately. He said to Sun Changqing, "I can't repay my kindness in heaven, and I can't take care of my mother in the next, so I die with resentment." You can sue my wife, but you can be filial to my relatives. My eyes are closed! " statue
Sun Changqing just rushed out of the enemy's encirclement and walked halfway up the mountain. He saw Guan Tianpei leading soldiers with weapons and fighting hand-to-hand with the British. Guan Tianpei was outnumbered because of his age, and his left arm was cut off by the enemy. At this time, he still fought bravely and killed several British soldiers. Finally, unfortunately, he was shot in the chest by enemy bullets. When Guan Tianpei died, his eyes were closed and he stood firm. When the British army saw that "Guan Tianpei stood as straight as alive, but he was terrified", they were all shocked. Guan Tianpei's lofty national integrity and death-defying spirit impressed even the generals of the British invading army, calling him "the most outstanding marshal". The news of Guan Tianpei's heroic martyrdom reached Guangzhou, and Lin Zexu, who had been investigated by the Qing court, burst into tears and was heartbroken. He immediately wrote the four characters "I am not as good as you" to show the national hero Lin Zexu's admiration and love for this close friend who fought together. Lin Zexu also wrote elegies for Guan Tianpei and Mai Zhang Ting who died with him.
Elegy antithesis
"Six years of solid gold soup, ask who suddenly broke the Great Wall and put all your eggs in one basket to teach you how to bow your head; Double loyalty and the same obstacles? ? When I heard that foreigners are also respectful, I will go back to my hometown. " This elegiac couplet is full of Lin Zexu's praise for patriotic generals such as Guan Tianpei and Mai, and his condemnation of "bad Great Wall" by people such as Zhengshan. This couplet inscribed by Lin Zexu for Guan Tianpei is engraved on both sides of the gate of Guanzhong section in Huai 'an. After Guan Tianpei's martyrdom, when his coffin was sent back to Huai 'an for burial by Sun Changqing, "hundreds of literati greeted him with clothes" and "countless onlookers burst into tears". In memory of this famous anti-British general, Guan Tianpei Temple was built in his hometown of Huai 'an. In Humen, a martyr in Guan Tianpei, Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty preached Daoguang for twenty-one years (184 1), and built a "Guan Zhong Min Sacrifice Temple" for him.
After Guan Tianpei died,
For mothers over the age of 80, the court "ordered local officials to give silver rice every month as appropriate to support the rest of their lives." The eldest son Guan, after his father died, inherited his father's career and joined the ranks. Die young. Guan was a garrison, guerrilla and general. Guan's second son is the shadow of the squadron leader, Tongzhi, and Anhui alternate. Guan Tianpei's eldest grandson Guan Xianbao, Guan's son, is a hereditary riding captain. In the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866), China army entered Chuansha camp. Guan Kaibao, Guan's granddaughter, married Tan Changqing as an adult. Tan Changqing went to Shandong with his father. Later, Tan's father joined the army, and Tan Changqing "disappeared". Since then, he has been a conservative widow and died in the early 1920s.
Edit this section of Guanzhong Temple
brief introduction
There is an ancient and solemn ancestral temple-Guanzhong Gong Jie Temple in the east street of the county seat of Chuzhou City, which was built to commemorate the national hero Guan Tianpei. It turned out to be three halls and two wings, surrounded by antique flower wall courtyards. On the altar, the statue of Guan Tianpei's official uniform is lifelike, with a pair of relatives on each side, holding swords and books respectively. There is a long plaque on the door of the hall, "Guanzhong Festival Public Temple". Lin Zexu's Nanmu elegy inscribed by Zhou Muzhai, a great calligrapher, hangs on both sides of the temple. Guan Tianpei's tomb was built in Nanyao Jiu Village, Chengdong Township, with flowing water and towering pines and cypresses beside it. Together with Guanzhong Min Temple, it has become an important patriotic education base in Huai 'an.
Communication: