Two people from different eras, two people who have nothing to do with each other!
Zhang Dai's "Looking at the Snow in the Pavilion in the Heart of the Lake" and Liu Zongyuan's "Snow on the River" are somewhat similar, and later generations often compare them.
Liu Zongyuan (773-819), also known as Zihou, was known as "Liu Hedong" in the world. Because he died as the governor of Liuzhou, he was also called "Liu Liuzhou". A litterateur, philosopher, essayist and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, he and Han Yu jointly initiated the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty and were called "Han Liu". Liu Yuxi was also called "Liu Liu" with him. Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, and Wei Yingwu are also called "Wang Meng Wei Liu". He is one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, including Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty. His ancestral home is Hedong (now Yongji City, Shanxi Province). Han nationality. Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty was born in Chang'an, Kyoto (today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) in the eighth year of Dali (773). .
Liu Zongyuan was born in an official family. He had few talents and great ambitions. In his early years, he was admitted to Jinshi, and his writing skills were based on eloquent words. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan (793), he became a Jinshi. In the fourteenth year, he was admitted to Bo Xue Hong Ci and was awarded the Zhengzi of Jixian Dian. He was once a captain of Lantian, and later became an official in the court. He actively participated in the political reform of Wang Shuwen Group and became a member of the Ministry of Rites, Wai Lang. In September of the first year of Yongzhen (805), the reform failed and he was demoted to the governor of Shaozhou. In November, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Sima of Yongzhou (his current location is Lingling District, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province). During this period, he wrote the famous "Yongzhou" "Eight Notes" ("The Banquet Travel Notes of Shide Xishan", "The Notes of Comu Lake", "The Notes of the West Hills of Komu Lake", "The Notes of Xiao Shitan", "The Notes of the Yuan Family's Thirst", "The Notes of the Shi Canal", "The Notes of the Stone Stream") ", "Little Rock Mountain Chronicles"). In the spring of the tenth year of Yuanhe (815), he returned to the capital and became the governor of Liuzhou (so it was called Liuliuzhou), with outstanding political achievements. Xianzong died in Liuzhou on the eighth day of November in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe (November 28, 819). He had many contacts, and Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi were both his good friends.
Liu Zongyuan wrote more than 600 poems and essays in his lifetime, and his achievements in writing were greater than those in poetry. There are nearly a hundred pieces of parallel prose. The prose is strong in argumentation, sharp in writing, pungent in sarcasm, and full of combativeness. The travel notes describe the scenery, and many people rely on it. His philosophical works include "Tian Shuo", "Tian Shi", "Feudal Theory", etc. Liu Zongyuan's works were preserved and compiled into collections by Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty. There is "Liuhe East Collection".
Zhang Dai (1597-1679), named Zongzi, Shigong, and Tao'an, was a native of Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and lived in Hangzhou. Zhang Dai was an essayist and historian in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, as well as an expert in tea appreciation.
Zhang Dai was born in a family of generations of benevolent officials. In his early years, he traveled in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces, and had extensive experience. His family had accumulated a large amount of Ming Dynasty historical materials over three generations and was well-read. When he was 32 years old, he had to use the family collection materials to compile a biographical history of the Ming Dynasty. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he went into the mountains with his hair untied and wrote books in peace and poverty. His works include "The Book of the Stone Chamber", "Collected Works of Langhuan", "Memories of Tao'an Dreams", "Dream Search of the West Lake", etc.
Zhang Dai has a wide range of interests, and usually pays great attention to various people, dynamics, people's lives, customs and habits in society, as well as many aspects such as diet, fruits and vegetables. These were often looked down upon by the authentic literati of the old era, but he had the interest and courage to appreciate and record them. He wrote an "Epitaph for Himself", in which he very frankly admitted that he was a "child of beasts and loved prosperity very much" and called himself a "tea and orange abuser".
Zhang Dai is very good at tea tasting. The section "Min Laozi Tea" in "Tao'an Dream Memories" is very vivid: Yu said: "The fragrance is strong and strong, and the taste is very rich. This spring tea Yeah! Xiang Yu’s gift is Qiucai.” Wen Shui laughed and said, “I’m seventy years old, and there’s no one who appreciates it better.” So we decided to make friends. Zhang Dai is worthy of being an expert in discerning tea and water.
Zhang Dai is good at tea tasting, and he also carefully transformed the Rizhu tea in his hometown to create a kind of "Lanxue tea". "Rizhu Xueya" has been listed as a tribute in the Song Dynasty, and has the reputation of "Yuezhou Rizhu Tea, the best in the south of the Yangtze River". However, in the Ming Dynasty, Anhui Xiuning Usnea Tea was famous for its exquisite preparation method and was even surpassed by the United States. Zhang Dai "recruited She people to cast in Japan", just like the usnea making method, using the method of cutting, digging, moving, spreading, fanning, frying, baking and hiding. Then he explored the spring water and found that "he had a spring, but the fragrance could not come out. If he boiled the spring water and put it in a small pot, the fragrance would be too strong. He mixed it with jasmine, tried it again and again, put it in an open porcelain pot, and waited for it to come out. When it is cold, wash it down with swirling soup, and the color will be like a bamboo trellis, the green powder is evenly distributed, and it is like the first dawn on a mountain window, the light shines through the paper, and it is pure white, like a hundred stems of plain orchids mixed with snow waves. It's diarrhea. The snow buds are there, but the Qi is not there.
"("Tao An Meng Yi Lan Xue Tea") Four or five years later, Lan Xue Tea became popular in the tea market. Tea drinkers in Shaoxing changed their past habit of drinking Usnea and instead drank Lan Xue Tea. Later, Even Usnea tea was renamed "Lanxue". The fame of Lanxue tea was attributed to Zhang Dai.
In the Ming Dynasty, Youshao teahouses were opened in Shaoxing, and one of them was particularly exquisite in boiling water: " The spring is full of jade, the tea is full of orchid and snow, the soup is boiled by swirling, there is no old soup, the utensils are washed with time, there are no dirty utensils, the heat and the soup are at the same time, and there is always the combination of heaven and earth. Zhang Dai was particularly fond of this teahouse and named it "Brother Lu", which means "tea nectar has a brother" from Mi Fu. He also wrote a "Tea Fight" for him: "Water is addicted to tea. There is an ancient custom, and the auspicious grass and snow buds are known as Yue Jue. Especially because cooking is illegal, dust has always been generated in the kudzu stove, and there is no one to appreciate it, causing beetles to accumulate in the feather meridians. Those who are nearby should choose a scenic spot, repeat the Tang Alliance, the water talisman is delivered from the Yuquan, the tea war comes from the orchid snow, the melon seeds are fried, there is no need to be by the Ruicao Bridge, the oranges and pomeloes are checked for the pears, they come from the Cushan Garden, the water of eight merits, there is no fault Sweet, smooth, fragrant and refreshing. The common things of the seven families, regardless of firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce and vinegar, what can be done without these in a day, the children, bamboos and concubines are as famous as each other. Seven bowls of tea are too much to eat, but the taste of tea in the same house is not known. A pot of tea is used to shake the dust and have a smooth conversation. Burning incense on the bed in the early morning will make you drunk in vain. ”
Zaohuan Spring, a famous spring in Shaoxing that was once famous as Hupao and Huiquan, was once buried and no longer known. It was discovered by Zhang Daizhong. He wrote in "Hupao" The story is described in the article "Spring":
In the summer of Jiayin, I took a sip of water from the mottled bamboo, and the phosphorus had a different color. It looked like the autumn moon in the sky, and the sky was white. For example, Qinglan came out of Xiu, and the pine trees and rocks seemed to be scattered. I hurriedly saw calligraphy and painting at the mouth of the well. There is little smell of stone in Xinji, and after staying there for three days, the Qi will be exhausted. There is no other way to identify the Wan Spring. Take the water into the mouth, lift the tongue and lick the palate, and it will be empty. If there is no water to swallow, it is a good thing. Those who believed it would drink the water, make wine, open a tea house in Huanquan, sell it in jars, and give it to the officials. Dong Fangbo would drink the water and drink it, but he would not give it to him. Heavy.
There are many records about tea affairs, tea philosophy, and tea people in Zhang Dai’s collected works. In his family, he sipped tea and burned incense, talked and laughed, and lived in Luyun Valley in Kuaiji for thirteen years. There was Zhou Youxin who drank tea with him every time and went to Baimen Minwen Water. His hobby was "Mi Jianshi". Ji Di's mountain people, who are known for their bamboos, mulberry tea, and Dongpo meat, and his brothers who fight with him "to drive across the Central Plains, and it's unknown who will win" are also "tea enthusiasts."
Dai Huan It's fun to appreciate the tea set. His younger brother, a mountain man, got a porcelain pot of ancient style. He played with it for a year and got an inscription on it: "Bathering in the sun and the moon are also its color, Ge Kiln's Han jade is also its breath, and the white mountains are also its food. . There is also a Xuanyao tea bowl. Zhang Dai has an inscription: "At the beginning of autumn, under the green parasol trees." Out of plain porcelain, spread the quiet night. "There is also a purple clay pot without the maker's seal. Zhang Dai confirmed that it was the hand of Gong Chun, and specially made an inscription on the pot: "Many famous paintings in ancient times are not signed. Looking at this pot, each one is Gong Chun. Da Bin recognizes his bones, dare he or not? ”
Zhang Dai can be regarded as a tea ceremony expert in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.