The clan Wei family in the Three Kingdoms period.

Wei's family was originally assigned in the Western Zhou Dynasty. After Kang Shu became the official, Kang Shu appointed Wei's family as the national family and sent it to the east of the river, and his descendants were scattered all over the country. If the Quwo in the right of the mountain, the Huating in the left of the river, Panyu in Guangdong, and Jiyi have no hatred, it is difficult for those who branch from Anyi (now Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province) in Hedong to mention it. Take Hedong branch as the most important. From the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei was a famous poet and calligrapher, and in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wei was a noble family of Confucianism. In the Eastern Han Emperor (58-78), Wei Gui was recruited by the imperial court because of his Confucian reputation. Due to his journey and physical condition, he died in Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province on his way to Luoyang, and the court gave him a burial place there, so his family settled down there. Due to the attention of the imperial court and the status and prestige of Wei, Wei's genealogy listed Wei as a clan. Most of the famous families in the Eastern Han Dynasty were big families, and all of them were able to enter the official career through Confucianism. Wei's identity is a Confucian scholar. After the descendants settled in Hedong, although the portal was not established, they still inherited Confucianism. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Weikai, the fourth generation of Wei Yao, was reused by Cao Cao, and the Wei family gradually became prosperous. Wei Ji (? -229), the word Bo Ru, the brother of Wei Zhongdao, was influenced by Confucianism's family heirloom. He achieved success in school when he was young, and was known for his talent and learning, especially for his articles. When Cao Cao was the King of Wei, Wei Kai and Wang Can merged the system. In the Chan Dynasty of Han and Wei Dynasties, he was appointed by Cao Pi as an assistant minister in the Han Dynasty to draft the letters of abdication on behalf of the Han Dynasty. Cao Wei Wendi and Ming Di were successively named as Tinghou and Xianghou, and they were in charge of the imperial etiquette and literature and history books. He is "good at ancient prose, bird seal, and grass, and he is good at everything". Wei Ji has three sons, the eldest of whom is Wei Guan. Wei Guan (22-291), whose name was Bo Yu. The Book of Jin, Volume 36, Biography No.6 records that Wei Guan lost his father at the age of ten, and was extremely filial. The nature is quiet and famous, and it is said that it is clear and clear, and it attacks Wenjue Township. The weak crown is Wei Shangshulang. Wei Guan entered the official career at the age of 2, which shows that he is brilliant. After Wei destroyed Shu, Wei Guan served as the army supervisor. Wargo and Zhong Hui fought for power and profit after the Shu was leveled, so he designed to arrest Deng Zhong and put an end to the disaster. By the time of Emperor Wudi of the Western Jin Dynasty, the official position was commonplace, and he was in charge of political affairs, which could be described as one person below and ten thousand people above. When Hui Di succeeded to the throne, Wei Guan and King Runa * * * assisted in state affairs. Since then, the Wei family has become a noble family because of Wei Guan's power and status. Within one door, the second brother was knighted, the eldest son Wei Heng was Huang Menlang, and the fifth son Wei Ting was elected to the East Palace to "swim with the Prince". Wei Guan's philosophers were all married to famous families in the Western Jin Dynasty. The eldest son married Chen Junyang's Xia He's daughter, the second son Wei Heng married Taiyuan Jinyang Wang Hun's daughter, and the third son Wei Yue married Hedong Wenxi Pei Jie's daughter. Wei Jie, his grandson, married Le Guang, a famous Chinese and Korean woman, and his wife died, and he also married Shan Tao's granddaughter. Not only that, Wei also married the royal family, and Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty married Princess Fanchang, the fourth son of Wei Guan. Emperor Wu had planned to choose Wei Guan as the princess of the Prince (Jin Huidi). He said that Wei Gongnv had "five possibilities": "Planting virtuous people and having many children is beautiful, long and white." (3) Later, due to the jealous queen Jia Nanfeng's meddling in politics, Wei-shi lost the honor of the married prince. Because Wei Guan was in power in one's hand, and was born in honest and frank, when Hui Di was the prince, the minister in the DPRK thought that the prince was silly, and it was difficult to lead the government in the future, but no one dared to say that Wei Guan had borrowed drunkenness to "show Emperor Wu of Yu", which led to the resentment of Queen Jia Nanfeng. Under her instructions, nine grandparents and grandchildren of Wei Guan were killed by Chu Wangwei. Although Chu Wangwei was killed, Wei's family was cold from then on. After Wei Guan's daughter wrote to the imperial court, she was able to rehabilitate herself and chase after the duke of Lanling County in Wei Guan. Her grandson Wei Kun (Zhong Bao) inherited the title, and Wei Guan was killed at the age of 72. When Emperor Huai of Jin arrived, the official Wei Yun rode the assistant minister, and his younger brother Jun (Uncle Bao, 286-312) washed the horse for the prince. Wei Jie was born handsome, beautiful and white, and was called "Jade Man". Due to the chaos in the north, some noble gentry moved to the south. In order to preserve the portal, Wei Jie traveled south with his mother in the fourth year of Yongjia. Due to the long journey, cold and hunger, he died unfortunately in Nanchang in the sixth year of Yongjia. Wei Xun did not go with his family because of "being an in-house servant and cherishing the emperor", and stayed in Yongjia for five years (311); Schleswig captured Luoyang and was killed. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yuan Di traced back to Wei Guan as "the elder of the country", so he took his great-grandson Wei Chongsi as the successor to Wei's fief. In the 9th year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (413), the ancestral department Lang Xunbo went to the table, seizing the fief of Xia County of Wei, and Wei Chong's great-grandson Weiyu went to the table, asking for public discussion and retaining the fief. However, since then, Hedong Weishi, a powerful portal, has been unknown to the DPRK. Compared with later generations, it can only be a distant name, far from the eyes and ears of later generations. Hedong weishi and weilie one. The situation of this branch is described in the article entitled "Weijiangzhou: The name of Yongjia Liu" in "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Jian Si Twenty-ninth", saying "Weizhan is a Taoist, and he is from Anyi, Hedong. Zulie, Pengcheng Guard. Father Shao, Guangpingling. Exhibition, Xingxi first appeared in General Yang, Jiangzhou Secretariat ". Wei Lie and Wei Shao have no description of their historical records, but the records of Wei Zhan can be found in the Book of Jin Wei Zhuan: "The younger brother of the Heng clan exhibited, and the word Dao Shu, Li Shang Shu Lang, Nanyang Taishou. Yongjiazhong, a secretariat of Jiangzhou, moved to Wang Dali in Jin Dynasty. ..... in the construction, for Tingwei, hydrophobic appropriate complex corporal punishment, language in the Criminal Law annals. A pawn, given to Dr. Guanglu. " ④ The earliest and more complete record of Wei Shuo's life is Shu Duan written by Zhang Huaiguan in the Tang Dynasty. Zhongyun: "Madam Wei's name is Shuo, the word Mao Yi, the younger brother of Ting Weizhan, the obedient daughter of Heng, and the wife of Li Moment, the satrap of Ru Yin. Li (Kai) books are especially good, and the rules are Zhong Gong ... The right army is less often taught. Yonghe died in five years, aged 78. Zike (wrong, it should be "filling") is a Chinese book lang and also a book. " He Fasheng's "Zhongxing Book" in the Jin Dynasty says: "Li Chong's word is Hongdu, and his mother is Wei's. The younger sister of Tingwei Exhibition is also. When you are young and lonely, your mother is smart and disciplined ... " ("Taiping Yu Lan" Volume 749 cited) Li Ju was appointed as the secretariat of Jiangzhou and died in office. At that time, Wei Shuo was in her forties. Because she and Wang Xizhi's mother were sisters, she became Wang's tutor and taught calligraphy. The post says, "On November 13th, Xi made a sudden nod. I'm crying over my aunt, and I'm overwhelmed with grief! What can I do? Because of the anti-tragedy, it is not the same. Wang Xizhi made a nod. " The word "aunt" was mentioned in the post to show respect. Judging from the content, if you were not your aunt and were deeply taught, your feelings would not be so deep and strong. Wei Shuo's calligraphy has deep roots and distinctive artistic features. She came from a family of calligraphers, from Wei Kai to Wei Guan to Wei Heng to Wei Yun and Wei Jie, all of whom had titles, and her family style remained unchanged for four generations. Wei Heng's calligraphy level is the highest, and he also wrote Four-body Calligraphy, which is a classic of China's traditional calligraphy theory. Wei Shuo lived in a strong artistic atmosphere of calligraphy, and was naturally well influenced. Wei Shuo also inherited the excellent traditions of Cai Yong, Cai Yan and Zhong You. She said to herself: "The scale of Zhong You has been many years." It can be seen that she has worked hard for a long time in learning calligraphy tradition. Thanks to family education and inheriting tradition, Wei Shuo's calligraphy has reached a very high level. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Sizhen's "After the Book" said that Mrs. Wei was "the book is absolutely unique". In the Ming Dynasty, Tao Zongyi's "Book History Will be Safe" said that Mrs. Wei was good at being upright, good at acting, sealing and official. "Book Broken" says: "Mrs. Wei's official script (this is a correct script and a regular script) is especially good, breaking the ice of the jade pot, rotten the moon of the Yao platform, graceful and fragrant trees, and silent." In the Song Dynasty, Chen Si's "A Brief History of Books" quoted a book review in the Tang Dynasty as saying, "Mrs. Wei's books, such as flower arranging and dancing girls, are low-spirited and beautiful. Another example is the beauty on the stage, the fairy shadows, the red lotus reflects the water, and the blue marsh floats. " At the age of twenty, Wei Shuo was the author of calligraphy theory's works, "General Explanation of Caoli" and other articles (see "Book 5 of Chunhua Pavilion Post, Wei Jishou and Nan Post"). In Yonghe four years, one year before Mrs Wei's death, she poured everything she had learned and realized in her life, and wrote a long-lasting essay with more than 6 words, which was an early theoretical article in the history of China's calligraphy. In the fifth year of Yonghe, the greatest female calligrapher in the history of China died at the age of 78, when Wang Xizhi was 46, and in the ninth year of Yu Yonghe, when Wang Xizhi was 5, she wrote the preface to the Lanting Collection, the world's first running script, which has been circulated for ages. Wei Shuo moved into the Wangs' home from the age of 4. After more than 3 years, he devoted his whole life to creating the peak in the history of calligraphy in China, namely, Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher. It can be said that Wang Xizhi was unprecedented, and there was no one after him. He integrated family and love, and he gave all the achievements and hopes of Wei's family to Wang Xizhi, so that later calligraphers could stop at the heights. Emperor Taizong loves to escape less: "Examining the ancient and modern times in detail, studying the fine seal elements, and being perfect, is it only Wang Yi?" ⑤ Wechsler is naturally more likely to be left out by public opinion. In this way, people of later generations have not erased her from the coordinates of the times. Huang Tingjian's Preface to Wang Shengzi says: "Wang Youjun started to learn from Mrs. Wei's small script, and he couldn't make it wonderful. Later, he saw Li Si, Cao Xi Zhuan, Cai Yong Li, and Bafen, so the model method was wonderful in the world." He also wrote a poem saying: "Lieutenant General Bai Ying has never followed in his footsteps. Recently, this public (referring to Li Jianzhong) made him come out to Li Wei early, and it is not only the right army that can intimidate people." ⑥ Zhao Gou's Records of Han Mo quoted Du Fu's poem: "with your brush-work learned from Lady Wei, and second only to Wang Xizhi's." Ming He Liangjun's "Four Friends Zhai Cong Shuo" said: "Self-defense Boyu and his son were good at grass-planting, and then Wang Youjun learned the law from Mrs. Wei, thus collecting the achievements of calligraphers." Mr. Sha Menghai pointed out in the article "Calligraphy in the Past 3 Years": "Wang Xizhi's words are directly defended by his family and indirectly imitated by Zhong You." All these statements fully affirm Mrs. Wei's position as a calligraphy tutor of the Right Army. This is to respect the historical facts of calligraphy.