Part 1: Evaluating a historical figure-an emperor through the ages-Qin Huang won the government
Qin Shihuang was a famous king in the history of China. But throughout the ages, people have been arguing about him, with different opinions. In the eyes of most people, he is not only a supreme emperor, but also a fatuous tyrant. People can have different opinions and a hundred schools of thought contend, but in the face of history, we must also take a respectful and objective attitude. I think Qin Shihuang was right and wrong, and he made contributions, even in his specific era.
in China's long history of 9 years of chaos in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was his "intention to sweep the world, embrace the whole world, and swallow up the eight wastes" that swept the world in just nine years. As a result, China's first unprecedented emperor was born. He was the king of Qin who won the government and he initiated the first feudal empire in China. Militarily, "it is to make Meng Tian build the Great Wall in the north and keep the fence, but the Xiongnu is more than 7 miles;" Hu people dare not go south to herd horses, and scholars dare not bow and complain. "The Great Wall, a symbol of the spirit and wisdom of the Chinese nation, is still dazzling and stands upright among the nations of the world, which is enough to make every Chinese descendant proud for generations. It is still him, the king of Qin, who won the political victory. Politically, "internal legislation, farming and weaving, and maintaining the tools of war; Fighting princes outside Lian Heng. So the Qin people surrendered and took the west river ",thus ending the endless war of" after the war-fires of three months "and opening up a new situation of world unification; It's him, the King of Qin, who won the government. Culturally, the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses, with the same books, the same cars and the same weights and measures, are listed as eight wonders of the world. Isn't it unprecedented and spectacular? He has created one miracle after another, which one is not the pride of the Chinese nation!
isn't it? "Cherish Qin Huang Hanwu, slightly lose literary talent: Tang Zong Song Zu, slightly less coquettish. Genghis Khan, a generation of Tianjiao, only knows how to bend a bow and shoot a big eagle. Among the historical figures who are highly respected by the great leader Chairman Mao, Qin Shihuang bears the brunt. All these can be seen from Qin Shihuang's contribution to the Chinese nation.
However, the once glorious building of Qin Dynasty collapsed in just 14 years. What's the reason for "one man is a pain in the neck and seven temples are ruined, and his body is dead and his hands are dead, making the world laugh"? "Benevolence and righteousness are not applied, but the trend of attack and defense is different." The world has been set, "Qin Shihuang, who thinks that the Guanzhong is solid, the Jincheng is thousands of miles away, and the descendants of the emperors are also the eternal industry", "So he abolished Wang Zhidao first, burned the words of a hundred schools of thought, and made a fool of it; A famous city, killing heroes; Take the soldiers of the world, gather in Xianyang, sell the front cymbals, and cast them as twelve golden people to weaken the people of the world. " . "Water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it." Therefore, due to the tyranny and unpopularity of the Qin Dynasty, it also left a heavy disgrace for the merits and demerits of the emperor through the ages and paid a huge price for the early death of the Qin Dynasty.
"It is easy to start a business, but difficult to defend the city". When we calmly think about the merits and demerits of Qin Shihuang, we can know objectively that without Qin Shihuang's disregard for the national strength at that time and the hard work of the working people, the Chinese national spirit of "Wan Li Great Wall" and "Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses", which are still shining today, could not be built, and the wisdom of the working people in ancient China might disappear, and perhaps the Qin Dynasty could still exist for another 14 years. Therefore, we can comment on the merits and demerits of historical figures, but we must respect history and take historical figures as a basic true face as far as possible.
Chapter II: Entering into Historical Figures-Zhu Di
China has a long history of 5, years. The civilization of 5, years has experienced prosperity, gloom and war. Each era has a certain background. In some specific time, various figures and great men of the times emerged as the times require. As the saying goes, heroes are born in troubled times. Under the complicated background, people like Ying Zheng, Genghis Khan and Mao Zedong were all so-called "saviors" at that time, and they were well-known celebrities. And the historical figure I am most interested in is Zhu Di. "The History of Ming Dynasty" once recorded: "The emperor of Wen learned from the soldiers less, and according to the land where Yan was victorious, he took advantage of Jianwen's weakness, drove inward, and elected everywhere. After the accession to the throne, I practiced frugality, and the floods and droughts shook in the evening, without shelter. Knowing people and being good at their duties, they are eloquent in appearance and powerful in martial arts, which is the same as Gao Zu. Six divisions have repeatedly appeared, and the dust in Mobei is clear. By the end of the season, Weide was a distant quilt, served by guests from all directions, and paid tribute to almost 3 countries. The meteorite is as wide as Han and Tang dynasties. Success is heroic, and it is almost prosperous. However, when it is abolished, it will be reversed, and it will be shameful. " He is Ming Chengzu-Zhu Di.
Zhu Di (136-1424) was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and he reigned from 142 to 1424. The fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was born in Yingtian, and was made a crusade on current affairs, and was named the Prince of Yan. Later, he launched the "Battle of Jing Nan", attacked his nephew, Emperor Jianwen, and took the throne. After his death, the original temple name was "Taizong", which was changed from Zhu Houzong, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, to "Chengzu" more than a hundred years later. The reign of Ming Chengzu was called "Yongle Shengshi". During his reign, Ming Chengzu perfected the political system, developed the economy, expanded the territory, moved the capital to Beijing, edited the Yongle Grand Ceremony, and sent Zheng He to the Western Seas, which brought the Ming Dynasty to its peak. The reign of Ming Chengzu was called "Yongle Shengshi", and Ming Chengzu was also called Yongle Emperor or Yongle Emperor by later generations.
Of course, different people have different opinions, and different people have different opinions. A netizen's evaluation of Zhu Di is as follows: First, he inherited Ming Taizu's career, adjusted Ming Taizu's policy, improved the civil service system of the Ming Dynasty, and built the career of the Ming Dynasty on a more solid foundation, pushing it to a new height. Second, in the history of the development of the Chinese nation, Ming Chengzu was a key figure, who promoted the development of a multi-ethnic unified country and the process of pluralistic and integrated national culture of the Chinese nation. Third, Ming Chengzu has both a heroic side and a cruel side. His cruelty is not only reflected in the brutal suppression and killing of political opponents after he seized power, but also in the fact that the East Factory established after he seized power strengthened control over the national political and bureaucratic ranks, and at the same time caused the eunuch to be incompetent in power in the future. Fourthly, we say that the prosperous time of Yongle is a prosperous time far from Han and Tang Dynasties, but this prosperous time is also a difficult prosperous time, and this prosperous time has cost the people a lot.
Zhu Di's life is remarkable. After Ming Chengzu ascended the throne, he made five expeditions to the north to pursue the remnants of Mongolia and alleviate its threat to the Ming Dynasty. Launched the famous "Battle of Jing Nan" in history; Dredge the Grand Canal; Moving the capital and building Beijing, as the first Han emperor in history, established Beijing's capital status for more than 5 years; Organize scholars to compile for 3 years. The 7 million-word encyclopedia Yongle Dadian; Set up a slave-capital department to govern the ethnic minorities in Northeast China by appealing to them. What made him world-famous was Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Ocean, which reached the east coast of Africa as far as possible, and communicated China with Southeast Asia and countries along the Indus River. Ming Chengzu can be described as a generation of heroes with many achievements. My personal evaluation of Zhu Di is this:
Zhu Di could have enjoyed his happy life happily, but he was ambitious and bent on dominating the world. The first step for Zhu Di to dominate the world was to usurp the throne of Emperor Jianwen at that time. However, how can he deal with the millions of encirclement and suppression troops of the Nanjing court with his own weak power? In addition, usurping the throne was a big violation, but in order to dominate, Zhu Di had to "make excuses" for his rebellion against the imperial court. He had a "Battle of Jing Nan" on the grounds that "there was a traitor in the DPRK, and the emperor was in trouble, so he had to save the emperor". After three years of fighting, he finally became king in Nanjing in 142.
It was Zhu Di who created Yongle. It was Zhu Di who sent Zheng He to complete the unprecedented seven voyages to the Western Seas. It was Zhu Di who ordered his advisers to write the first encyclopedia in the history of China-Yongle Dadian. There are many stories behind this great achievement, which also shows Zhu Di's character. When launching the Battle of Jing Nan, Zhu Di used Zhu Yuanzhang's Zuxun to prove his rationality. However, he was smart enough to delete one of the words "training soldiers to stand by". From this, we can see that Zhu Di is resourceful. The writing of Yongle Dadian also shows the uniqueness of Zhu Di's talent selection. Some people who failed the imperial examination, even those who didn't take part in the imperial examination, were finally reused by Zhu Di and became counselors. Of course, Zhu Di also has a cruel side. When he asked Fang Xiaoru to write an imperial edict, Fang Xiaoru refused to write it, and Zhu Di was forced to be helpless. In the end, Fang Xiaoru was punished by Zhu Di for "killing ten families". This is the first and only time in the history of China. According to records, the massacre killed as many as 873 people, and the tragic and bloody scene can be imagined. In any case, Zhu Di's achievements are beyond reproach, but it was Zhu Di who sent Zheng He to the Western Seas for seven times, which caused China to suffer huge losses and fell into a closed-door state.
Walking into historical figures not only deepens my understanding of ancient civilizations and deeds, but also enriches my life. Why not?
Chapter 3: My favorite historical figure is not far away from the ancients
Since ancient times and modern times, there have been countless people in the world, but in my opinion, the most prominent one is Cao Cao, who is a controversial figure in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Cao Cao's complicated personality, comprehensive ability, and the mixture of good and evil show his richness and complexity, which is the most difficult to be discussed. It makes people elusive, and the views on him are controversial in history. However, in my opinion, Cao Cao is an outstanding strategist, politician, and a famous poet with high achievements in literature.
Cao Cao is a household name. Although he didn't become an emperor, he made an offer to the imperial capital in 196 until his death in 22. He firmly held the political power in the Eastern Han Dynasty and became an emperor without a name.
Cao Cao is an outstanding strategist. He is well versed in the art of war. In the war of the late Han Dynasty, he used his tactics to beat others and won many victories. Especially in the battle of Guandu, he defeated Yuan Shao, who was arrogant, and laid the foundation for unifying the north. Cao Cao is good at employing people and recruiting talented people. Anyone who can govern the country and use troops tries his best to snare them. His men are "like a cloud, like advisers", and they are full of talents.
Cao Cao likes literature, and his poems are generous, sad and infectious, and many famous works have been handed down to this day. He, his sons Cao Pi, Cao Zhi and the "seven sons of Jian 'an" made outstanding contributions to the development of literature.
Cao Cao became an outstanding figure in history because of his political foresight. At the time of the chaos in the world at the end of the Han Dynasty, he always claimed to be the Han Dynasty, and insisted on not being the emperor. In his later years, Cao Cao had occupied Kyushu, a thirteen-state city in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the time was ripe for him to claim the title of emperor, but he still carried out the strategy of "serving the heavenly son to make him disobedient". Sun Quan wrote to persuade him to be emperor, and Cao Cao said, "It's my son who wants to get evil in my fire!" " It means that this boy is going to roast me on the fire! Cao Cao never proclaimed himself emperor, not that he didn't want to be emperor, but that he calmly analyzed the situation, took the world as his responsibility, and overcame his personal desires with reason. Cao Cao has always pursued the new moon of the Han Dynasty, avoiding the world falling into chaos again. He once said, "If there is no loneliness in the world, I don't know how many people will be kings." Cao Cao's refusal to proclaim himself emperor is a political strategy, but it is mainly out of his own idealism. He said in "Let the County Understand the Book" that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huan and Jin Wen "were able to serve the Zhou room with their vast military potential", which indicated that "taking big things as small ones" was the ultimate virtue. Cao Cao has a series of ideal figures in his mind, such as Duke Zhou and Guan Zhong. He praised Zhou Wenwang and said, "Zhou Xibochang, with this great virtue. Three points in the world, and there are two. If you contribute, you will not fall. " Cao Cao has a soft spot for Zhou Wenwang, but in a big way, gold is not enough, and no one is perfect. Cao Cao, of course, also has shortcomings, especially his ambition is that his achievements are more comparable to those of Zhou Wenwang. However, Zhou Wenwang was beautified as the "King of Virtue" by later Confucianism, but Cao Cao was regarded as a "Han thief". Zhou Yu said Cao Cao: "Although his name is entrusted to Han Xiang, he is actually a Han thief." Zhou Yu is Cao Cao's political enemy, and certainly won't speak well of Cao Cao. From today's point of view, although Cao Cao has many stains, his life, in order to pacify the world, he traveled south and north; Spare no effort to attract talents; For the development of culture, elaborate creation. He is determined to realize his ideal, which fully embodies the feelings of politicians. Cao Cao is always an idealist and has a firm practical spirit.
We should strip away all kinds of distorted words about Cao Cao and restore the real Cao Cao. It can be said that he is a politician who has made great contributions to the history of China and an idealist with a broad mind. In the words of Chen Shou, the author of "The History of the Three Kingdoms", "It can be described as an extraordinary person and a peerless outstanding person."
however, gold is not enough, and no one is perfect. Cao Cao, of course, also has shortcomings, especially his ambition: from "teaching me to be negative to the whole world, not to teach the whole world to be negative to me", this is the most prominent aspect of Cao Cao's ambition. He can be wrong, but his subordinates can't be wrong. If there is a two-part allegorical saying, Cao Cao will kill Lv Boshe-he will be wrong. In order to win the world, relying on the emperor to make the princes, this is the embodiment of Meng De's great talent. He is not in a hurry to achieve success, knows to hide his strength and bide his time, and is far-sighted. However, a wise man will lose when he tries hard, and his suspicious heart has no intention of being the reason for his defeat. However, Cao Cao is still my favorite historical figure, and also my most admired historical figure.
Chapter 4: Historical figures that moved me
In my mind, there are many impressive historical figures: Liu Bang, Xiang Yu, Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Yue Fei, Zheng Chenggong, Qi Jiguang ... Among them, Zhuge Liang who lived in the Three Kingdoms period moved me the most.
Zhuge Liang, whose surname is Zhuge, whose word is Kong Ming, and whose name is Mr. Wolong, was also called Wolong. He was a famous thinker, strategist and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. He followed Liu Bei all his life, and made many suggestions for Liu Bei in the war, helping him to win Jingzhou, Ma Chao and Xuchang ... He made countless achievements for Shu in his life, until Liu Bei died, Zhuge Liang did his best for Shu in return for Liu Bei's kindness in meeting him. However, due to the carelessness of the general Wei Yan, he died at the age of 59. Before his death, he left a picture book and the countermeasures for future accidents, which helped Shu to prosper as before for a while after his death.
Zhuge Liang experienced many great wars in his life, and most of his schemes were made by Zhuge Liang. For example, Zhou Yu was narrow-minded, jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent, and tried to get rid of Zhuge Liang. At this time, it was autumn, and Cao Jun, who had been in Xuchang for a year, was refreshed and ready to sail against Jiangnan. When Zhou Yu learned the news, he wanted to fight Cao with all his strength, but the army lacked bows and arrows. Zhou Yu came up with a plan to let Zhuge Liang build 1 thousand arrows. If he didn't finish it within ten days, he would be dealt with by military law. However, Zhuge Liang did not complain, but said that it would only take three days to complete. Zhou Yu laughed at Zhuge Liang's boasting, so he let him go. The next day, Zhuge Liang pushed twenty clippers borrowed from Lu Su into the water, and the boats were full of straw men, and ordered to head for Cao Jun's water village. It happened to be foggy on this day, and Cao Jun's sight was not good, and he mistook the scarecrow for a soldier. At the moment, Cao Jun sent thousands of arrows at the grass boat, all of which were shot at the grass man. Each