Chen Xianzhang's Personality Evaluation

Chen Baisha was a key figure in the history of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. He broke the dull and rigid pattern of Neo-Confucianism and initiated the Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty with the ideology of "respecting nature" and "valuing oneself". Baisha's theory holds high the subjective self-value of "the universe is in me", highlighting the significance of individual existence in the universe, just like a fresh wind in the academic circles of Ming Dynasty, which has had a far-reaching impact on the orientation of literati spirit in the whole Ming Dynasty and promoted the prosperity of the academic circles in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Miao Tianshou, a close friend, commented on the cloud: "At this moment when the air is filled with routines, Baisha is independent of everything, unprecedented, and there is no one after it."

Chen Baisha's academic thought had a far-reaching influence and positive effect on the development of China culture, especially Lingnan culture, and laid the position of Lingnan culture in the development of China culture. His theory is known as "opening the door alone, transcendent and extraordinary" and "Taoism has been taught for three thousand years, spreading Confucius and Mencius and learning from Shao Cheng and Zhu Xi". Therefore, Chen Baisha was honored as a "great scholar" and a "saint". After his death, he was called "Wen Gonggong" by posthumous title, and became the only scholar in ancient Guangdong, China who worshipped Confucius Temple, so he was called "one person in Lingnan". At the same time, with his original "Maolong" calligraphy, he took the lead in establishing the position of Lingnan calligrapher in the history of calligraphy in China.

Huang Zongxi, a famous scholar at the end of Ming Dynasty, commented that Chen Baisha's Neo-Confucianism was "the study of learning from the past to the present, which began to be imperceptible in Baisha. Its tight work is all about self-restraint, and it does not move. It is as big as Yangming (Wang Shouren) and praises Baisha's learning as "independent and extraordinary"! Summing up Chen Baisha's Neo-Confucianism, he said: "The study of a gentleman is based on emptiness, with quietness as the door, from all directions, from ancient times to the present, making do with buttons. It is not true to use daily life as a function and don't forget not to help each other as an understanding principle without proper efforts. " (See Confucianism in Ming Dynasty for details).

Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, said: "Confucianism in Ming Dynasty and Confucianism in Song Dynasty formed their own systems, which began in Chen Baisha.".

Professor Zhang Pei, a modern scholar, praised Chen Baisha in his book A Study of Chen Baisha's Philosophical Thought. He came into contact with a philosopher of China in the15th century, that is, in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. He was the first important person to put forward his own philosophical thought in Ming Dynasty. His thoughts inherited the influence of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, initiated the enlightenment of Confucianism, and played a connecting role in the history of China's philosophical thoughts. This paper makes a new exposition and evaluation of the structure and basic viewpoints of Chen Baisha's philosophical system, and summarizes the structure of Chen Baisha's philosophical system as "the theory of natural Tao-the theory of natural person-the theory of mind and nature-the theory of self-restraint-the world theory". Thus clearly delineates the main category system of Chen Baisha's philosophy, that is, the scientific series of "Tao-Man-Heart", shows the main basic aspects of Chen Baisha's simple materialistic philosophy theory, and points out that Chen Baisha's view of nature adopts the simple materialistic view of "Tao", giving "Tao" the same meaning as the whole material universe and giving it the entity status of the whole universe. He (Chen Baisha) revised the idealistic view of Tao of traditional neo-Confucianism, and also revised the transcendental view of Tao of traditional Taoism, giving play to the equal significance of Tao as the whole objective universe.