1. Common sense of literature for a few people to the country
Common knowledge of literature for a few people to the country 1. Complete collection of common knowledge of literature
1.lt; gt; It is our country A collection of quotation-style prose from the Pre-Qin period, which mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It is compiled from the records of Confucius's disciples and his later disciples. The book has twenty chapters and four hundred and ninety-two chapters. Confucius: Mingqiu, courtesy name Zhong Ni is a great thinker and educator in our country; the founder of the Confucian school, the core of his thought is benevolence. He advocates benevolence and loves others. He should restrain himself and restore etiquette. In terms of education: he advocates teaching without distinction and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. 2.lt; gt; Selected from lt; gt;. It is an argumentative essay in the form of dialogue. lt; gt; It is a compilation of historical materials that record the events of different countries during the Warring States Period. It belongs to the miscellaneous history of different countries and is a collection of essays. It was compiled and compiled by Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty. lt; gt ; records the remarks and actions of counselors and counselors during the Warring States Period in lobbying various countries or arguing with each other. It uses fables and metaphors to illustrate abstract principles. 3.lt; gt; Selected fromlt; gt;, it is a discussion in the form of a dialogue. Text. Mencius: The name Ke is the main representative of the Confucian school after Confucius. He advocates benevolent government, the king's way, and advocates the people-oriented thought of the people as the most important, the country as the second, and the king as the least. Mencius's prose is good at using hard to get, to lure the king into trouble. Argumentative techniques, good use of metaphors, full of emotion and full of momentum. 4.lt; The main representative of Taoism after Laozi. He advocated conforming to nature, advocating inaction and doing everything. He fiercely criticized those who steal hooks and punish them. Those who steal the country are princes, and the gate of princes is the dark reality of benevolence and righteousness. Zhuangzi's articles are rich in imagination and unbridled. The diction is magnificent, mostly in the form of fables, and is full of romance. 5.lt; A representative writer of contemporary prose. His articles are good at reasoning and can be found in lt; gt; and lt; gt; and other articles. lt; A style of writing. 6.lt; gt; It is a postscript, that is, a postscript written at the back of the article, with equal emphasis on argumentation and narrative. Han Changli, a famous litterateur in the Tang Dynasty, was the advocate and leader of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was the head of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. He and Liu Zongyuan were also called Han Liu. He advocated that words must be spoken by oneself, and emphasized that only statements must be made. Features of the article: thorough reasoning, full of momentum, rigorous structure, refined language. Great achievements, author lt; gt;. 7.lt; gt; Selected from lt; In his later years, he called himself Liuyi layman and was a native of Luling in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He advocated that articles should be clear, practical, honest, and eloquent. The prose has a smooth reasoning, lyrical and euphemistic style. His works include lt; gt; lt; gt; and lt; gt; (co-authored with Song Qi) 8.lt; gt; Selected from lt; A politician and writer, he has made unique achievements in poetry, lyrics and prose. His prose is famous for his superb insight, sharp argument, rigorous logic and strong writing power. He advocates that articles should contribute to the world and be practical. The works include lt; gt; 9.lt; gt;, which is an allegorical biography. Liu Zongyuan: Zihou, Hedong Jieren, known as Liu Hedong in the world, was a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty and an advocate of the classical prose movement. The work lt; gt; lt; gt;, is a landscape travel note. 10. lt; Po Jushi, his father Su Xun, and his younger brother Su Che were all listed as the Eight Great Writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties. They were all famous writers in the Northern Song Dynasty.lt; A comprehensive writer, his prose is unbridled, clear and fluent, his poems are fresh and bold, he is in a style of his own, and his words are bold and unrestrained, with lt; gt
;lt; gt; .lt; gt; It is a prose poem, that is, a prose poem. The main formal features of the poem are: subject-object dialogue, suppressing the guest and extending the subject, interlacing prose and parallel sentences, and rhyming. 11.lt ; gt; Selected from lt; gt;. It is a narrative essay, which is a historical prose. lt; gt; is also called lt; Written by. lt; gt; Focuses on describing the conflicts and struggles between various countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, and is good at narrative. The description of war is particularly exciting. 12. lt; gt; Selected from lt; gt;. It is a biography. Sima Qian: Zizi Long, <> gt; is the first biographical general history of our country, with 130 chapters, including 12 chronicles, 10 tables, 8 books, 30 family chapters, and 70 biographies. It is a great historical work and also A great work of biographical literature. 13.lt; gt; It is an epistolary narrative. Zongchen: courtesy name Zixiang, author of 2. What a few people mean to a country. 1. If you use fake characters, you can’t hope to have more people than your neighboring countries. (无, which means "wu", don't want. The meaning of the sentence is: don't expect the people to be more than those of neighboring countries) Those who are awarded white will live up to the road (issued, the same as "spot". The meaning of the sentence is: The old man with gray hair will no longer carry things on his back on the road) Tu is hungry but does not know how to do it (Tu is the same as "road", road. The meaning of the sentence is: Yes: There are people who are starving to death on the road but they don’t know how to open warehouses to provide relief.) 2. Use the part of speech to fill the drum (drum, the noun takes the object "zhi" as a verb. Beat the drum. The meaning of the sentence is: The war drums are beating loudly. ) Tree of mulberry (tree, noun with the object "of", as a verb. Plant. The sentence means: plant mulberry trees.) People who are fifty can wear silk clothes (clothes, the noun takes the object "帛" as a verb, to put on. The meaning of the sentence is that people who are fifty can wear silk clothes with it.) I would like to preface this. Teach (Jin, as an adjective as a verb, to engage in it seriously. The meaning of the sentence is: to set up school education seriously.) However, the person who is not a king (king, the noun is modified by the adverb "not" as a verb, to be a king, to make The people of the world surrendered. ) The people are neither hungry nor cold, but those who are not kings have not existed (generally "king" is a noun, here it is used as a verb: to be king, to be king, to unify the world) The king has no sin (generally "sin" is a noun, Here it is used as a verb: blame, blame) Please use the metaphor of war (generally "war" means battle (verb), here it is used as a noun: war) is to make people live and die without regrets (generally "sheng" means to live ( verb), here it is used as a noun: a living person; generally "die" means dead (a verb), here it is used as a noun: a dead person) Jin Xiangxu's teaching (generally "jin" means caution (adjective), in This conjugation is used as a verb: to work seriously) Then move the people to the east of the river and move the millet to the river (generally "move" means to move, here it is the verb usage: to move...) 3. Different meanings in ancient and modern times, the meaning of the few people in the country. (Idiot, a modest word used by ancient kings to address themselves. Today it is used for lonely people. The meaning of the sentence is: I am to the country.) Hanoi is fierce (river, Yellow River. Today Generally refers to the river. The meaning of the sentence is: There is a famine in Hanoi. ) Please use the metaphor of war (please, please allow me. Today it is often used to ask the other party to "please sit down". Sit down; "please guide" and let the other party give guidance. The meaning of the sentence is, let me use the metaphor of war) People in their seventies can eat meat (yes, "ke" means "can"). "With" is a basis. Today it is often used to express agreement and approval. The meaning of the sentence is: a person in his seventies can eat meat with it.) Abandon the armor and follow the soldiers and walk (walk, run, here refers to Escape. Today it often refers to walking in general. The sentence means, abandoning armor and dragging weapons to escape.) Or walk forward in a hundred steps (or, for some people, the pronoun is indefinite. . Nowadays, it is often used as a choice word in complex sentences. The meaning of the sentence is that some people stopped after running for a hundred steps. (Such, then, then.) Today it is often used in pronouns, when it means "this" or "this', such as "Sven", etc.) 4. Special sentence pattern judgment sentence: not me, Sui. (... also , expressing judgment, the sentence means "It's not me, it's Niancheng") Object preposition sentence: not something exists (the pronoun object in the negative sentence should be "not something", the sentence means "nothing". [I have heard of] this kind of situation") 5. The word "ran" has multiple meanings. Hedong Ji is also true (like this). Fill it up (at the end of the word, meaningless), but it is not the king (like this). 3. Necessary literary common sense The first volume of literary common sense Lu Xun (1881-19360, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Hencai), his main works include: novel collection (two): "The Scream" and "Wandering" "Zhu Ziqing, courtesy name Peixian, is a modern essayist and poet. He is the author of a collection of poems and essays "Traces", a collection of essays "Back" and "Miscellaneous Notes on Travels in Europe". His outstanding proses include "Back" and "Spring". 〉〈Moonlight over Lotus Pond〉〈Green〉〈Hurry〉 5. Liu Xie, courtesy name Yanhe, was a literary theory critic of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. He wrote my country's first literary theory monograph, "The Literary Mind and the Diaolong". . 12. "Zuo Zhuan": It is my country's first detailed and complete chronological history book. , ending in the 27th year of Lu Aigong, it mainly records some political, economic, military, diplomatic and cultural events in various countries in the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty for more than 240 years. It is a valuable document for studying the history of my country's pre-Qin Dynasty and an excellent prose work. "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Master" is an excerpt from this work. 13. "Guoyu": It is the earliest country-style history book in my country, with 21 volumes. It is said to be written by Zuo Qiuming, recording the period from the 12th year of Zhou Mugong to the 16th year of King Zhen Historical facts of the eight kingdoms of Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue. "Guoyu" is known as the "Spring and Autumn Period". The earliest existing annotated version of "Guoyu" is "Guoyu Jie" written by Wei Zhao of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period. The text "Gou Jian's Destruction of Wu" is selected from "Guo Yu Yue". 14. "Warring States Policy": a country-style history book compiled by Liu Xiang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, with 33 chapters. It mainly records the vertical and horizontal struggles of advisers and strategists during the Warring States Period and related plans or speeches. It marks the development of ancient Chinese historical prose to a new height, and has a major influence on the creation of prose and poetry in later generations. 16. "The Analects": It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius, a great thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his disciples. It was written by Confucius disciples (including disciples who were re-transmitted) based on their own memories or the legends they heard. It is the most important classic work on Confucianism, with 20 chapters in total, covering many aspects such as politics, education, literature, philosophy, and principles of conduct in life. 17. Confucius: (551 BC - 479 BC) named Qiu, courtesy name Zhongni, a native of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a famous thinker, educator, the earliest theoretical critic of literature and art in ancient my country, and the founder of the Confucian school. The core of his thought is "benevolence", which includes two meanings: "the benevolent love others" and "restraining oneself and restoring propriety to be benevolent". 18. "Mencius": It is a book that records the words and deeds of the thinker Meng Ke during the Warring States Period. It was compiled by Mencius and his disciples. It has seven chapters and covers political activities, political theories, philosophy, ethics, and educational thoughts. It is a Confucian classic. one. The articles are famous for their eloquence, good use of parallel sentence patterns, and aggressive writing. "The Widow to the Country" comes from this work. 19. Mencius: Ke, also known as Ziyu, was born in Zou during the Warring States Period. He was a thinker, politician, and educator. He was a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius, and a Confucian master after Confucius. He developed Confucius's thought of "benevolence" into the political proposition of "benevolent government", emphasizing that "the people are valued more than the monarch" and the support of the people; he proposed the theory of "good nature" and believed that human nature is inherently good. 20. "Xunzi": It was written by Xun Kuang, a thinker at the end of the Warring States Period. A small part of it was written by his disciples, and there are 32 chapters in existence. 21. Xunzi: Named Kuang, with the title "Qing", he was a native of Zhao during the Warring States Period. He was a thinker, educator and representative of the Confucian school. He was the master of pre-Qin materialism. He put forward the theory of "evil nature" and the idea that "the behavior of nature is constant" and "man is determined to defeat nature". 22. "Zhuangzi": It was written by Zhuang Zhou, a thinker in the middle Warring States Period, his disciples and later scholars. It is also known as "Nanhua Jing". It has 33 existing chapters, including 7 inner chapters, 15 outer chapters, and 11 miscellaneous chapters. 23. Zhuangzi: named Zhou, a native of the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period, a representative figure of the Taoist school, and together with Laozi, are known as "Laozi and Zhuangzi". 24. Laozi: a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of Taoism. His surname was Li Ming'er and he was known as Lao Dan. He wrote "Laozi", also known as "Tao Te Ching". 25. Jia Yi: Known as Jia Sheng, Jia Changsha, and Jia Taifu, he was a political commentator and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. His representative works include "On the Passage of the Qin Dynasty", "Ode to Qu Yuan" and "Ode to Song Bird". 26. "Historical Records": It is my country's first biographical general history, also known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu". It records nearly three thousand years of history from the legendary Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. There are 130 chapters in the book, divided into twelve chronicles, ten lists, eight books, thirty aristocratic families, and seventy biographies. It pioneered biographical literature in our country and was praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, the rhymeless "Li Sao"". This chronicle: records the emperor's words, deeds and political achievements chronologically. Table: Lists major events in each period chronologically. Book: records the evolution of various regulations and systems. Aristocratic families: It records the rise and fall of vassal states and the achievements of outstanding figures. Biographies: records the lives and deeds of various celebrities. 27. Sima Qian: Zi Zichang, a historian, writer and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty. 28. Wang Xizhi: courtesy name Yishao, known as Wang Youjun in the world. A calligrapher and writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he is known as the "Sage of Calligraphy". His "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is a famous work handed down from generation to generation. 29. Tao Qian: also known as 2, with the courtesy name Yuanliang and known as "Mr. Jingjie" in the world. He was a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He once served as the magistrate of Pengze County. He later resigned and returned home to live in seclusion in the countryside and wrote a large number of poems. The poems "Returning to the Countryside" and "Drinking", the prose "Returning to the Countryside", "Peach Blossom Spring", and the poem "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu" are all famous works handed down from generation to generation, including "The Collection of Tao Yuanming" . 1 Classical Literature (1) Spring and Autumn Period "The Book of Songs", my country's first collection of poetry, edited by Confucius. It is divided into three components: Feng, Ya and Song, using the techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. "Fa Tan", "Shuo Shu" and "The Analects of Confucius" record the words and actions of Confucius and his disciples, and were compiled by Confucius' disciples. Confucius (551-479 BC), whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was a native of Lu. He was a thinker and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of Confucianism. The six chapters of "The Analects of Confucius" "Sitting", "Ji's General to Attack Zhuanyu", "He Zhangren" and "Zuo Zhuan" are my country's first chronicles with relatively detailed narratives, recording the political, military, diplomatic and other aspects of the Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that this important event was done by Zuo Qiuming. "The Battle of Cao GUI" and "The Battle of Cao GUI" (2) Warring States Period "Zhuangzi", written by Zhuang Zhou and his disciples, is a work of the Taoist school. "The Cook and the Cow" "Mencius" records Mencius' words and deeds and was written by Mencius and his disciples. Mencius (about 372 BC to about 289 BC), whose name was Ke and whose courtesy name was Ziyu, was the representative of the Confucian school.