Song Huizong is a famous lover and bad king in history. Cai Jing, as prime minister, formed a reactionary ruling group with Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Wang Fu, Liang Shicheng, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Zhu Cuo, Li Yan and Gao Qiu, which made the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty enter the darkest and most decadent period. In the first year and the second year of Xuanhe, two peasant uprisings led by Song Jiang and Fang La broke out successively. Although Song Huizong suppressed and disintegrated two peasant uprisings and overcame the ruling crisis brought by a peasant revolution, the rise of the Nuzhen nationality in Northeast China made the Northern Song Dynasty face the fate of collapse.
In the first year of the first government, Song Huizong sent eunuch Tong Guan to the Liao Dynasty. Tong Guan knew the political situation of the Liao Dynasty, and he also met him in this mission. He suggested that Tong Guan take Yan, which was appreciated by Tong Guan. It was renamed Li Liangsi by Tong Guan and brought back to Kaifeng. Li Liangsi told Chen that Liao Tianzuo was dissolute, politically corrupt and jurchen hated Liao. If you can cross the sea from Densai, marry a jurchen and attack Liao, you should swallow the land. I was very happy about this, and gave me the surname Zhao and started a series of activities to find Yanjing.
When the Liao Dynasty was in danger under the attack of the nomads from afar, Song Huizong, Cai Jing and others thought it was time to attack Liao with Jurchen and then recover sixteen states. So, in the first year of Zhonghe, Song Ting sent envoys from Dengzhou to Liaodong in the name of buying horses to discuss with the rulers the joint felling of Liao. In the second year of Emperor Xuandi, the Song Dynasty sent Zhao Liangsi and other envoys to control gold, and then brought gold into the Ocean Alliance; The two sides agreed that Yanyun, south of the Great Wall, would be occupied by Song Jun, and the counties north of the Great Wall would be occupied by the Jin Army. After the victory of the attack, Yanyun's land belonged to the Northern Song Dynasty, and the coins given to Liao and Jin in the Northern Song Dynasty the year before last were counted by quantity. Song Yuanting thought that sixteen states could be easily captured on this basis. Unexpectedly, the Liao army could not resist the attack of nomadic people, but did not dare to fight the decadent Song Jun. As a result, in the four years of Xuanhe, the Northern Song Dynasty sent troops to attack Yanjing twice, which was defeated by the defenders of Liao Yanjing. At the end of this year, the nomads from the army marched into Juyongguan and conquered Yanjing. In this way, Jin said that he would never give Yanyun to the Northern Song Dynasty again. After the two sides bargained, the Song Dynasty made concessions again and again. In the end, the rulers only promised to hand over Yanjing and its six states and twenty-four counties to the Song Dynasty, but the Song Dynasty handed over 400,000 yuan originally given to the Liao Dynasty to Jin Chaowai every year, and also handed over all the taxes of these six states and twenty-four counties to the rulers. Song promised to pay another 100 yuan a year as taxes for six states in Yanjing. The rulers promised to withdraw their troops from Yanjing, but in the process of withdrawal, the nomads took away all the money, officials and rich households of Yanjing, leaving only a few empty cities for the Song Dynasty.
After the demise of the Liao Dynasty, the supreme ruling clique of the Jin Dynasty saw through the political decay and military incompetence of the Northern Song Dynasty, as well as the war and negotiation between the United States and the Liao Dynasty and the process of delivering it to Yanyun, so it adopted a victorious invasion of the Northern Song Dynasty. In November of the seventh year of Xuanhe, our army went south in two ways, T.
The main factions regained the upper hand in court. In June of the first year of Kang's reign, he used Taiyuan because he hated Li Gang. He was appointed as the special envoy of Fu Xuan in Hedong and Hebei, and he was expelled from the court. In August, Li Gang lost aid to Taiyuan and was dismissed as an envoy of the two rivers.
In August of the first year of Kang, after a summer, Jin Jun invaded the south under the pretext of ceding Taiyuan, Hejian and Zhongshan in the Song Dynasty. Yan he divides things into two ways. At this time, King Song Bing had been sticking to Taiyuan for more than eight months, and was breached on the third day of September due to lack of food. Yan continued to push south and reached Heyang on the north bank of the Yellow River. Yan 65438+1At the beginning of October, China East Road Army invaded Zhengding House, a major town in Hebei Province. Yu Jun's invasion of the United States in the south has shown the situation of destroying the Northern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop. However, Song Qinzong just wanted to surrender, thinking that he could continue to use gold silk to make the 8 Jin Army retreat. He quickly sent a group of envoys to the Jin Ying camp for peace, and did not make serious preparations militarily.
However, the main officials of the imperial court, such as Pai, Geng Nanzhong and others, insisted on cutting land, repatriating Qin gathered in various places and dismantling the fortifications of the capital. When Jin Jun crossed the Yellow River, Hong proposed to Song Ting to draw the Yellow River, and Hedong and Hebei belonged to the Jin Dynasty. Song Qinzong promised one by one, and personally wrote to the two men to persuade them to belong to Daikin. Because Song didn't, because he didn't make serious military preparations, the two roads of Jin Jun didn't encounter great resistance, so he successfully advanced to Tokyo. 165438+ 10 In June, the Jin Army striker arrived outside Tokyo.1At the beginning of October, the Jin Army joined forces with Kaifeng at the gate and launched an attack on Kaifeng. The number of American troops in Kaifeng is limited and morale is low. When Song Ting was in danger, he sent Guo Jing to lead. Six magic soldiers went out, defeated and collapsed, and Tokyo was breached.
Although the city of Tokyo was broken and the rulers were determined to surrender, the American soldiers and civilians in Kaifeng were unwilling to be conquered, and the anti-enemy sentiment was very high, demanding that as many as 300,000 people participate in the war. Seeing that Kaifeng soldiers and civilians are preparing for street fighting, Jin dare not rush into the city. So the trick was repeated and released; Discuss air transportation and exchange 6,543,800,000 spindles of silk, 6,543,800,000 spindles of gold and 6,543,800,000 spindles of silver in the Song Dynasty. However, at this time, when the danger is at stake, Song Qinzong still needs to wake up. He sent Li He, the prime minister, to Jinying for peace, but Wan Yanhe asked to go to Jinying in person to discuss the compensation for the ceded land. Qin Zong had no choice but to surrender, presented a surrender letter, and, adhering to the will of the Jin people, ordered Wang Bing, a road worker, to stop Kaifeng and suppress the people who spontaneously organized themselves to resist. Then, Jin Jun ransacked the treasuries and officials inside and outside the Song court. At that time, it was the severe winter with heavy snow, and the plundered Kaifeng people were mercilessly attacked by hunger and cold, and countless people froze to death and starved to death.
The surrender policy of the decadent rulers in the Song Dynasty caused unspeakable disasters to Kaifeng people. In the first month of Kang's second year, 8 Jin armies were detained one after another, and on February 6, they were ordered to be abolished, and the former prime minister of the Song Dynasty who colluded with the Jin Dynasty was named as a pseudo-emperor. On the first day of April, more than 3,000 people including Bading Emperor Emblem, Qin Ershi, empresses, princes, royalty and nobles were captured and left the north. Precious seals, official uniforms, ritual vessels, ritual vessels and soldiers of the royal family in the Song Dynasty were also collected and returned with full loads. Since then, the Northern Song Dynasty has perished. This is the so-called change of Jingzhi.
After hearing the news of nomadic people
In the first month of the first year of Jingkang, forced by the situation, Song Qinzong used the hawkish Li Gang as his special envoy to deploy the defense of the capital. Li Gang set up garrison facilities in Beijing, and Jin Jun led by Hongyan and Wang Zong had already launched a fierce attack on Xuanzemen in Kaifeng in Enemy at the Gates. Li Gang organized Kaifeng soldiers and civilians to hold the city, fought fiercely with 8 Jin Army, and repelled the siege of 8 Jin Army. Seeing that Kaifengfu was difficult to capture for a while, Yan adopted the strategy of making peace and discussing and attacking the war. Song Qinzong was originally a bad king who was afraid of war, so he quickly sent messengers to Jinying to discuss peace. Yan proposed that the Song Dynasty should pay 5 million taels of gold, 50 million taels of silver, cattle 10000, camels 10000 and motley satin10000. I ceded Taiyuan, Zhongshan and Hejian, honored them as uncles, and took the Prince and Prime Minister of Song Kingdom as hostages, and sent 8 Jin Army to the Yellow River for peace.
In desperation, Song Qinzong totally agreed to resolutely oppose the opinions of Hongyan, Wang Zong and Li Gang, who made peace with 8 Jin Jun, and Song Qinzong took Song Bing to attack Jin Ying at night and held Li Gang accountable. He ordered the removal of Li Gang, abolished the military camp presided over by Li Gang and the ban on personal expedition to express his determination to make peace with the Jin people.
Song Qinzong's perverse behavior aroused the dissatisfaction of Kaifeng soldiers and civilians. Too many students, such as Chen Dong, wrote in Xuande Gate, demanding that Li Gang be reused and Li Bangyan and Zhang Bangchang who advocated and discussed be deleted. Thousands of people came to the palace to support Chen Dong and asked Song Qinzong to meet him. They smashed Deng and killed dozens of eunuchs. Song Qinzong had no choice but to announce the reuse of Li Gang, the right prime minister, and let Li Gang command the capital to defend on all sides. At this time, there were about 200,000 people in Wang Bing.
Faced with this situation, Yan Hong Zong knew that it was difficult to capture Kaifeng with only 60,000 military forces, so after Song Qinzong agreed to cede three towns, Yu Jingkang led his troops out of Kaifeng in February.
Yan Hui arrived in the north. Although the war situation in Hebei is temporarily calm, the war in Hedong continues to be tense. From February to July of the first year of Jingkang, Song Jun assisted Taitai on a large scale for three times, with 400,000 troops, all of which were defeated by Jin Jun, while the main forces of Song Jun and the United States were exhausted.
Who is the culprit of Jingkang?
Song Huizong should be the chief culprit of this historic event that humiliated the Han people for a hundred years. At that time, after the Song Dynasty experienced the prosperity of Renzong, Yingzong died only four years after he ascended the throne. Then Zongshen succeeded to the throne. Although Wang Anshi's political reform failed, the Song Dynasty spent a fairly stable period in the prosperous time left by Renzong. After Zongshen died, Zhezong acceded to the throne. At this time, the countries outside the customs were powerful, and Xixia, Liao and Tubo were all eyeing the Song Dynasty. However, due to the efforts of several generations of frontier generals in the Song Dynasty, they managed to maintain the stability of the border.
After Zhezong, Hui Zong succeeded to the throne. Hui Zong is Zongshen's 1 1 son, and is also Zhezong's younger brother. Because Zhezong had no heir, he passed it on to Hui Zong. Hui Zong's literary talent is not bad. He is proficient in calligraphy, and Li Yi embroidered gold has become an important font in Chinese calligraphy, which has been passed down to this day. Besides, Huizong prides himself on being a romantic genius. Although there are 3,000 beauties in the harem, can his romantic spirit be satisfied, so he often lingers in the fireworks willow in the capital to visit folk beauties. The result was attracted by Li Shishi, a famous prostitute who shocked the whole city at that time. Their love story spread through the ages, but also made Hui Zong more indifferent to state affairs, which directly led to the decline of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Hui Zong is second to none in culture, but it is a complete failure in politics. He is not cut out to be an emperor at all. Hui Zong is not interested in sports.
However, Hui Zong didn't learn his lesson. He was still the same, wandering the streets all day regardless of state affairs. As a result, the court's treacherous court officials emerged one after another. After Cai Jing and Tong Guan, Zhang Bangchang, Wang Duo and Zhang Junyi appeared. They firmly control state affairs and deceive his superiors and subordinates. Zong Ze, a loyal general of Song Dynasty, can you save this ruined Zhao and Song Dynasty?
Just as the Song Dynasty was declining, a powerful nation appeared in the north, that is, the Jurchen nationality. Jurchen nationality was originally a nomadic people under the jurisdiction of Liao State. 1 1 14 years, Wan Yan akuta, the then leader of Jurchen, led a team to rise up and start to oppose the Liao country, because the Liao country exploited Jurchen seriously, and finally forcibly opposed this nation that had been under its jurisdiction. Because it was a national war against slavery and oppression, Jurchen was supported by people of all ethnic groups and the Song Dynasty. The following year, Agoudas and Hongyan proclaimed themselves emperor and established the State of Jin. Under the leadership of Yan Hong Akuta, Jurchen was invincible, wiped out Liao, the largest country in the north, and became the new overlord in the north, laying a solid foundation for future generations. O Gudas Nuzhen's sons are all experts in leading troops to fight, and Nuzhen attaches great importance to China culture. They use China's ideas and systems to govern the country, so that Jin can govern the country and the army can strengthen Ma Zhuang. So they had the ambition to seize the world and launched an attack on the Song Dynasty, which had helped them.
Jin people repeatedly attacked the frontier, and the Song Dynasty became increasingly critical. At this time, Hui Zong abdicated and passed the throne to his eldest son, Zhao Huan, and succeeded Song Qinzong. However, only two years later, during the Jian 'an period in Song Qinzong, nomads from the Yellow River crossed the river on a large scale and invaded Bianjing City. At the critical moment, the Party betrayed the nation and surrendered to the nomadic people, but Hecao gave it to the Yellow River, which directly led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
After the nomads invaded Bianjing, they captured a number of ministers such as Qin and Qin in North Korea and sent them to Huanglongfu for imprisonment, thus more firmly occupying the territory north of the Yellow River. Only Jiuzi Nima crossed the river and fled to Jiangnan, in Lin 'an. Since then, the Song Dynasty can only live in peace and become a broken dynasty with only half of the country. However, the destruction of Bianjing and the capture of Qin Shihuang are the shame of Jingkang that Han people will always remember.
From Qin Dynasty to Han Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, which dynasty was beaten so badly by foreigners? Although there were many loyal ministers and good generals in the Song Dynasty, the Han Dynasty suffered such a great shame because of the emperor's incompetence and wrong national policy, which is really worthy of reflection by future generations. It is really good to say that the shame of Jingkang began with Huizong, but on closer inspection, this curse was actually planted as early as the Song Taizu period, and Song Taizu literati ruled the country; This idea is a complete failure and a wrong policy. It is precisely because of the literati ruling the country that generations of treacherous court officials appeared, which made Zhao Cheng Song reviled and humiliated in history!