What are the local folk arts?
What are the local folk arts? There are many excellent traditional cultures in our country, including embroidery, paper-cutting, shadow puppetry, etc. Some of these folk arts have been lost, so we need In order to inherit and carry forward these excellent traditional cultures, let’s introduce what local folk arts are? What are the local folk arts 1
1. Embroidery:
Traditional Chinese embroidery has a long history and exists with the production and development of silk. As early as four to five thousand years ago, embroidery had become an important decorative method in the "Zhangfu System".
2. Folk printing and dyeing:
Traditional Chinese folk printing and dyeing include tie-dye, batik, blue calico and colorful calico. The first three are all techniques for coloring and displaying flowers using printing and dyeing methods. Indigo extracted from the plant Polygonum is used as the dye. It is also called indigo dyeing and indigo printing among the people. Color printed fabric is a multi-version color printing process.
3. Chinese brocade
Chinese brocade has a long history. According to archaeological discoveries, as early as the pre-Qin period, "he rhombus pattern brocade", "flower-filled swallow pattern brocade", "Dragon and Phoenix pattern brocade" and other multi-color jacquard brocade. By the Han Dynasty, complex and sophisticated jacquard machines could be used to weave brocades with beautiful patterns. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, brocades and damasks made of various silk threads and gold and silver threads were so colorful that people regarded them as the icing on the cake.
4. Sculpture art
Sculpture refers to folk art that is mainly produced by methods such as kneading, shaping, stacking, and packing. The content includes clay sculpture, dough sculpture, pottery sculpture, sugar sculpture, rice flour kneaded products, paper pulp sculpture, colored glaze and glass and other plastic arts. Sculpting arts often rely on artists to use their hands to create shapes. Because they use different creative techniques from sculpture, their artistic effects are also different.
5. Clay sculpture art
Clay sculpture art is an ancient folk art in China. It uses clay as raw material and is shaped by hand-kneading or molding clay. It can be either plain or colorful, and mainly features characters and animals. What are the local folk arts 2
1. Qin, chess, calligraphy and painting
In ancient times, playing the qin (mostly playing the guqin), playing chess (mostly Chinese chess and Go), calligraphy, Painting is a skill that literati and poets (including some famous ladies) must master for self-cultivation, so it is collectively called Qinqi, calligraphy and painting, or the "Four Friends of Literati". Today often expresses personal cultural quality.
1. Qin and harp
According to literature, Fuxi (2400 BC-2370 BC) invented the harp and harp. The harps are all made of sycamore wood, with hollow cavities and silk ropes as strings. The Qin originally had five strings, but later it was changed to seven strings; the harp had twenty-five strings. It can be seen from the number of strings that the volume of the zither is larger than that of the qin. The main difference between qin and zi lies in the different occasions on which they are played. The qin is played in front of distinguished guests. The guests do not speak and concentrate on watching the playing and listening to the sound of the qin. This is a formal concert occasion. The harp is used for playing background music. The se was placed behind the screen, and the guests sat around the table, chatting, eating and drinking amidst the sound of music. This is a social occasion.
Of course, the harp and the harp can be played together, with the harp in front of the stage facing the guests. Se is behind the stage. The piano is close to the guests, and the harp is far away from the guests. The piano player is either the master or a beautiful woman; the piano player can be an old man. Before the harp starts to play, there is the sound of drums to guide the performance. The purpose of the ancients inventing and using the harp was to smoothen the yin and yang energy and purify the human heart. Therefore, the invention of the harp was between 2400 BC and 2370 BC, and the place of invention was in the capital of Fuxi, which is now Huaiyang City, Henan Province.
2. Playing chess
(1) Go
According to literature, Yao and Shun (2205 BC-2110 BC) Go was invented. Go was called "Yi" in ancient times, which means "you throw a piece, I throw a piece." The name "Go" means "a chess game that uses encirclement and counter-encirclement tactics to determine the outcome." Go reflects the history of the development of western Shandong and eastern Henan during the Longshan Culture era of the Central Plains. Go is a simulation of the early history of the western Shandong and eastern Henan regions, a historical memory in the Central Plains culture, and a way to relive the fierce competition of intelligence and strength in the form of entertainment.
Ancient literature states that the purpose of Yao and Shun in inventing Go was to appease their respective eldest sons Danzhu and Shangjun. Due to the abdication system, they could not ascend to the throne of God and personally perform the history of the country, so they used Go to play the game. To simulate and evolve the history of the country to satisfy their inner desires. If the place where Yao and Shun lived is taken as the place where Go was born, then this place is today's Linfen City, Shanxi Province.
(2) Chess
Gambling. Liubo chess is a kind of ancient Chinese chess game. This kind of chess is played by two people, each side has 6 chess pieces. Among them, there is one chess piece equivalent to the king called "Xiao", and there are 5 chess pieces equivalent to the pawns called "Scatter". Chess is played on a board with curved paths, and the number of moves is determined by throwing chopsticks. Liubo chess, also known as Bo Xi or Lu Bo, appeared before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The form and competition method of Liubo chess are recorded in "Songs of Chu·Zhaohun": "There are six books in the chessboard; Cao Bingjin, Qiu Xiang The "six books" are Liubo chess.
Liubo chess consists of three instruments: chess pieces, playing chopsticks, and playing game (chessboard). Two parties play chess, each side has six pieces, namely: Xiao, Lu, Pheasant, Du, and Sai (two pieces). Because of the military system during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a team of five people, with one captain and six soldiers. At that time, as a military training, when two teams competed, there were also six people on each side. It can be seen that Liubo chess was a game that symbolized the battle at that time. During the game, "six chopsticks are thrown and six chess pieces are played", a battle of cleverness and wits, attacking and forcing each other to death.
Liubo chess is the predecessor of Chinese chess. What are the local folk arts 3
New Year pictures
New Year pictures are a type of Chinese painting, which began with the ancient "door god paintings". They are one of the Chinese folk arts and a common 'folk art'. One of the handicrafts.
During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, it was officially called New Year paintings. It is a unique painting genre in China and an art form that is popular among rural people in China. Most of them are posted during the New Year to decorate the environment, with the meaning of blessing auspiciousness and joy. Traditional folk New Year pictures are mostly made with woodblock watermarks.
Old New Year pictures have different names depending on the size of the picture and the amount of processing. The whole big one is called "Gong Jian", and the three-folded one is called "Sancai". The ones that are processed more and more carefully are called "Hua Gongjian" and "Hua Sancai". The colors painted with gold powder are called "Jin Gong Jian" and "Jin San Cai". Products produced before June are called "Green Edition" and products produced after July and August are called "Autumn Edition".
Paper-cutting
Paper-cutting, also called paper engraving, is a hollow art. It is one of the oldest folk arts of Han Chinese. It visually gives people a sense of transparency and artistic enjoyment. The carrier of paper-cutting can be paper, gold and silver foil, bark, leaves, cloth, and leather.
Paper-cutting is a folk art form with a long history and wide spread in rural China. The emergence and spread of this folk art are closely related to the festival customs in rural China.
During festivals or wedding celebrations, the word "囍" is often posted. People paste beautiful and bright paper-cuts on white walls or bright glass windows, doors, lanterns, etc. The festive atmosphere was rendered very rich and festive.
Shadow puppet play
Shadow puppet play, also known as "shadow play" or "lantern shadow play", is a kind of silhouette of characters made of animal skin or cardboard. Folk drama in which stories are performed.
During the performance, the artists controlled the puppets behind a white curtain while telling stories using local popular tunes, accompanied by percussion instruments and string instruments, giving it a strong local flavor. Its popularity range is extremely wide, and various shadow puppet shows are formed due to the different voices and tunes performed in different places.
In 2011, Chinese shadow puppetry was selected into the Representative List of Human Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Porcelain culture
Ceramics is the general term for pottery and porcelain. Ceramics is a kind of arts and crafts as well as folk culture.
In China, the emergence of pottery technology can be traced back to the era from 4500 to 2500 BC. It can be said that an important part of the development history of the Chinese nation is the history of the development of ceramics.
The Chinese people’s achievements in science and technology and their pursuit and shaping of beauty are reflected in many aspects through ceramic production, forming very typical technical and artistic features of each era.
Nuo opera
Nuo opera, a type of Chinese opera, is a form of opera formed by absorbing folk songs, dances and dramas based on folk sacrificial rituals.
Nuo opera originated from Fang Xiang’s exorcism activities during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Due to the influence of folk songs, dances and dramas, it began to evolve into Nuo opera aimed at honoring gods and fulfilling wishes.
Nuo opera is a synthesis of history, folk customs, folk religion and primitive drama. It is widely popular in Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hebei and other provinces. Nuo opera has different names in different ethnic groups and regions, such as Nuotang opera, Duangong opera, Shidao opera, children's opera, earth opera, Guansuo opera, etc.
Nuo opera uses masks as an important means of artistic modeling, and the content is mostly related to religious ghosts and gods; Nuo opera performers wear painted masks according to their roles, commonly known as "face", and are divided into one Wei and two Jing , Sansheng, Sidan, Wuchou, Liuwai, Qitiedan, and Baxiaosheng; their performances are commonly known as "Diao Nuo", and the scenes are often accompanied by gongs and drums.