Compared with Cao Pi, who became deputy prime minister at the age of 25, Cao Zhi is more casual, slightly frivolous, opinionated, and not a qualified political talent. He is best suited to be an undisciplined literati.
The History of the Three Kingdoms, Volume XIX, Wei Shu XIX, Biography of Wang Zhi in Chen Si, states: "Wang Zhi's word in Chen Si was built ..... simply, and there is no cure for prestige.
Yu Ma's dress is not gorgeous ... It's based on talent, while Ding Yi, Ding Gan and Yang Chang are its wings.
Taizu is suspicious, and there are only a few princes.
but plant willfully, don't encourage yourself, and drink alcohol sparingly.
The Emperor Wen used the technique to control it, pretending to be self-effacing, and the imperial court left and right to talk about it, so he was designated as an heir ... He planted himself in the middle of the road by car and left the Sima Gate.
Mao was furious, and the bus order was killed.
Because vassals were forbidden, the cultivation of pets declined ... In twenty-four years, Cao Ren was surrounded by Guan Yu.
Taizu took Zhi as a commander in the south and recruited generals.
If you want to save Ren, you should be warned.
Zhi Zui couldn't be ordered, so he regretted it ... Zhi Zui joined the vassal and went to the country.
in the second year of Huang's reign, the supervisor of the state poured his fingers, playing "planting drunkenness and being slow, robbing the threatening emissary".
The Emperor demoted Jue 'an as a township official because of the Queen Mother's death.
besides military and political affairs, Cao Pi has been a good writer since childhood, and has made achievements in poetry, prose and literature. He is especially good at five-character poems. He is also known as Three Caos with his father Cao and his brother Cao Zhi, and now has two volumes of Wei Wendi Collection.
In addition, Cao Pi wrote Dian Lun, among which The Paper is the first systematic literary criticism monograph in the history of China literature.
According to Wei Shu, Cao Pi is both literate and martial. At the age of eight, he was able to write, ride and shoot well, be good at fencing, read ancient and modern classics and be familiar with hundred schools of thought's theory.
in 211, Cao pi was appointed as a corps commander and deputy prime minister.
In 217, Cao Pi defeated his younger brother Cao Zhi in the battle for office, and was made Prince of Wang Wei, officially becoming the successor of Cao Cao.
in 22, in the first month, Cao Cao died, and Cao Pi succeeded Wang Wei as prime minister.
On October 13th, Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, abdicated, and Cao Pi was enthroned by Zen in Gengwu (28th), replacing the Han Dynasty with Wei.
he said with emotion, "I know about Shun and Yu.
"(It is rumored that Shun and Yu became emperors through abdication)
Reform the system of selecting officials.
adopting Chen Qun's suggestion and implementing the "Nine Grades" system, the political privileges of the gentry were established and consolidated, and they supported the Cao Wei regime.
this system was criticized by later generations, which directly led to the monopoly of politics and personnel by the gentry in the Jin dynasty.
restrict the power of eunuchs and consorts.
It was decreed that "officials should not pass the orders of various departments" and "ministers should not serve the Empress Dowager, and the family of the descendants should not be appointed as an assistant minister, nor should they be subjected to the rank of a vulgar man", which ensured that Wei never caused a political crisis because of eunuchs and consorts.
cut away the power of the vassal king.
The fiefs of Cao Wei's vassal kings often change, and they have no political power and military power, so their actions are strictly monitored, which is like a prison.
Although this policy learned the lessons from the insurrection of the vassal states in the Han Dynasty, it left hidden dangers, which made the clan weak and unable to prevent foreign ministers from seizing power in the future.
pay attention to culture and education.
in the second year of Huang Chu, counties with a population of more than 1, were ordered to inspect Xiao Lian every year. If there were particularly outstanding talents, they could be exempted from household registration restrictions.
in the fifth year of Huang Chu, Confucius' descendant Kong Xian was named as the Emperor Sheng Hou, and the Confucius Temple was rebuilt. Confucianism was promoted in various places, imperial studies were established, and Dr. Gu Liang was established in the Spring and Autumn Period by taking the Five Classics as a test.
Revive the feudal orthodox culture in a short time.
resume social production.
In addition to prohibition, light tariffs, prohibition of personal vendetta, extensive discussion of light punishment, and rest with the people, so that the northern region can regain stability and prosperity.
If the peasants are allowed to govern the students, the effectiveness of the folk villages will be affected and there will be disadvantages.
In monetary policy, although coins were issued when he ascended the throne, they failed. Later, because of the price of grain in Gao Teng, except for five baht, Cao Wei's "barter" became the main economic mode in the north.
confrontation with Wu.
In the early days of Huang Chu, Sun Quan once surrendered to Wei and accepted the title of King Wu.
After many mediations, Wei and Wu finally became hostile.
during this period, Cao pi personally made three expeditions to Dongwu, but all of them came back in vain.
pacify the border troubles.
repel Xianbei, make friends with Xiongnu, Di and Qiang, and restore the setting of the Han Dynasty in the Western Regions.
Cao Pi knows people are good at their duties and can listen to the advice of ministers.
but he is narrow-minded and can't do things fairly.
practice simple burial.
Cao Pi said in The Final System that Shouling was buried with time clothes and pottery, because the mountain was the body, and no trees were sealed, no temples were set up, no gardens were built, and there were no pearls and jade.
Cao Pi put forward that "if a husband is buried, he will hide, and if he wants others, he will not see it.".
A burial is not a dwelling place for gods. "Since ancient times and today, there is no immortal country, and there is no tomb to be dug." It was deeply influenced by the social atmosphere at that time and his father Cao Cao.
after Cao Pi's death, he was buried in Shouyangling according to the Final System.
Cao Pi's poems have various forms, with five or seven words as the length, popular language and folk song spirit; The technique is euphemistic and meticulous, and it is an expert in describing the love between men and women and the theme of wandering women.
Yan Ge Xing, representing the highest achievement of Cao Pi's poetry, was written during the period of Wu Huan, Cao Cao's northern expedition to three counties in Jian 'an 12th year. It was written in the form of a seven-character poem with rhyming sentences, which is the earliest and most complete seven-character poem in existence.
From the perspective of "thinking about women", Yan Ge Xing reflects the present situation of war and displacement at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and expresses the inner resentment and melancholy of men and women who were forced to separate.
The words used in the whole poem are unadorned, the syllables are graceful and graceful, and the feelings flow, which is highly praised by Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty as "pouring feelings, tilting degrees, tilting colors and tilting sounds, and there is no difference between ancient and modern times".
Some of Cao Pi's works praised by later generations were made during his tenure as a corps commander of the five senses to Prince Wei. His poems are delicate, clear and sentimental, lacking the generosity of Cao Cao and Cao Zhi, and his evaluation by later generations is not as good as that of the other two in the "Three Caos".
Ye Jiaying, a scholar, listed Zhong Rong's Poems, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Wang Fuzhi's Jiang Zhai Shi Hua's comments on Cao Pi in Ye Jiaying's Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
In Shi Pin, Cao Pi is ranked among the best. He thinks that his poems are not as good as his younger brother Cao Zhi's, because Cao Pi's poems are "contemptuous and straightforward as even words" ("even words", that is, two ordinary people are talking). On the other hand, Cao Zhi is "extremely tall in character and adopts Hua Mao's words.
Emotions are elegant and resentful, and the body is literary, which overflows the present and the present, and stands out from the crowd. "
The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons (only a brief chapter) says that Cao Pi's "Wei Wen's talent is brilliant, and he always talks about restraining it, which means to plant a thousand miles ..... Zi Huan is careful and slow, so he doesn't compete for the first time", which is different from Cao Zhi's "thinking of being smart and being talented", and he also says that "the vulgar sentiment is restrained, and the similarity rings, which makes Wen Di take the place.
In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi bluntly said in Jiang Zhai Shi Hua: "In fact, Zi Huan is a genius, but can Zi Jian be overwhelmed?" It can be described as a declaration of "rehabilitation" of Cao Pi's literary achievements.
Ye Jiaying said that Cao Pi was a "rational poet", temperate and introspective, and "winning by feeling and rhyme".
Cao pi's canon? Thesis is China's earliest literary theory and criticism work, which was written when Cao Pi was the Prince of Wang Wei. The main points of the paper are:
Comment on the writing style and gains and losses of Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Ying Yang and Liu Zhen, from which the statement of "Seven Scholars in Jian 'an" comes.
It is put forward that "the style of a work is determined by the temperament of a writer".
Affirm the historical value of literature, saying, "Building an article is a great cause of statecraft and an immortal event".
Cao Pi, the actual leader of Ye Xiaren Group, played a key role in the spiritual structure of Jian 'an literature, and the resulting "Jian 'an style" had a far-reaching impact on later literature.
Cao Pi ordered Liu Shao, Wang Xiang, Miao Xi and others to compile the first kind of books in China, Huanglan, which was the first time for official organizations to compile such books.
canon? Thesis initiated the atmosphere of literary criticism and was the ancestor of China's literary criticism.
Chen Shou: "Emperor Wen is gifted with literary talent, writing a chapter, having extensive knowledge, and having both talents and talents;": If you add magnanimity, encourage fairness and sincerity, be ambitious and keep the way, and be broad-minded and virtuous, then the sage of the ancient times, how far is it! " (History of the Three Kingdoms Wei Shu Wen Di Ji)
Under the influence of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the popular orthodoxy of Shu and Han, Cao Pi, the "usurper of Han", was criticized.
it was not until the end of the Ming dynasty that Zhang Pu, the leader of the Fu Society, made a comprehensive evaluation of Cao Pi's moral conduct for the first time in the Inscription of the Collection of Wei Wendi in 133 Collected Works of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
Zhang Pu wrote: "Wang Wei's imperial industry has no proper name, but officials should be made officials, and no orders should be made by various departments.
courting ministers should not serve the queen mother; After the family can not often assist the government, stone Jin Ce, treasure forever.
he witnessed the inflammation of the Han dynasty, but the hostess put it out with her hands, and the wheat was so beautiful that she was sad.
The hegemony of the dynasty is new, and its strength is even more old. Until the duke of Shanyang dies, it is polite to Yang Biao, an old minister of the Han Dynasty, not to seize his ambition. It is beyond Meng De's reach ... On the Zhenhou pond, Chen Wang sang a bean song, which is not the same as the loss of morality.
I admire China first, but I hate it.
"He thinks that Cao Pi's administration has some merits. It is obvious that he is not immoral, but he is guilty of killing his wife and hurting his brother.
Zhen Hou Tang Shang.
Zhen Shi, the Empress of Wenzhao, was originally the wife of Yuan Xi, the second son of Yuan Shao. She was captured in the ninth year of Jian 'an, and Cao Pi took her.
After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he loved the Guo family, the queen of Wende, as soon as possible. When Zhen Shi fell out of favor, he complained and angered Cao Pi.
Cao Pi ordered Zhen Shi to die, and when he died, he was "covered with hair and stuffed with chaff".
Chen wangdou song.
Cao Zhi, the king of Chen Si, once fought with Cao Pi for storage. Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, and Cao Zhi was persecuted, and moved to the seal many times.
Shi Shuo Xin Yu? In Literature, Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhi to write a poem in seven steps. Otherwise, Cao Zhi was quick-witted and escaped, which is the famous story of Seven Steps Poetry.
Cao Pishan is good at fencing, riding and shooting, and is good at playing chess. In the self-narration of Dian Lun, he even boasts his extraordinary archery skills, which can be described as both civil and military.
Cao Pi likes grapes and wine.
Wei Wendi summoned his ministers and said, "There are many rare fruits in China, and it's Pu Tao again.
when it's autumn in the summer, it's still hot, and he wakes up drunk and eats under cover.
Sweet but not trickling, crisp but not sour, cold but not cold, with a long taste and plenty of juice, which can quench your thirst.
It's made into wine, and it's easy to wake up after being drunk.
The firmness of the Tao has made you salivate and swallow saliva, so what is the evil of being pro-food? There are oranges in the south, which crack people's teeth and sometimes have sweet ears.
The fruit from a distance is better than the one with a horse? " (one is from the book with Wu Jian)
The imperial edict with the ministers: "There are longan and litchi in the south, which is better than grapes and honey in the west!"
Zhong Rong's Poetry in the Northern and Southern Dynasties once commented on the level of these three people, and listed Cao Zhi as the "top grade", which was extremely praised. Cao Pi was the middle grade and Cao Cao was the inferior grade:
Cao Zhi was the top grade: "Wei Chensi and Wang Zhi originated from the national style.
The character is extremely high, the words are colorful in Hua Mao, the feelings are elegant and resentful, and the body is covered with literary quality, which overflows the ancient and modern times and stands out from the crowd.
hehe! Chen Sizhi's article also compares human relations with Zhou Kong, scales and feathers with dragons and phoenixes, music with Qin Sheng, and female workers with embarrassment.
Those who suck ink with lead in their arms admire the chapter and reflect the afterglow as a candle.
Therefore, if poetry is used at the gate of Confucius, you will go to the hall on business, miss the king's entrance, and Jingyang, Pan and Lu can sit between the corridors. "
Cao Pi is a Chinese product: "Wei Wendi originated from Li Ling.
there is quite a style of propaganda.
the rate of hundreds of pieces counted is as low as even words, but there are more than ten pieces of floating clouds in the northwest, which are extremely beautiful to play, and I have only seen their work.
Otherwise, why is it that Quan Heng Qunyan is evil to those who raise their brothers? "
Cao Cao is inferior: "Wei Wudi Cao Gong is old and straight, and he has a sad sentence."
However, after the Tang and Song Dynasties, the evaluation of Cao Cao's works was generally improved, and he thought that the artistic conception and mind of his poems had far-reaching influence.
Li Dongfang, a famous historian in modern times, only mentioned the seven sons of Cao Cao, Cao Zhi and Jian 'an when commenting on the literary achievements in the Three Kingdoms period, but ignored Cao Pi.
Yu Qiuyu, a contemporary scholar, thinks that although most literary historians will rank Cao Zhi first, he thinks that Cao Zhi should be the first, Cao Zhi the second and Cao Pi the third.
"Cao Zhi certainly built a beautiful spiritual garden, while Cao Cao's poems were cast with copper cast iron on the rocks."
Cao Zhi was the first person to warn the Sima family about its monopoly.
He was extremely frightened by Wei Mingdi's abdication of power, and the above table warned: "Take Qi Zhetian clan, not Lu Zongye; Jin Zhao and Wei, not Ji.
""today, I am opposed to the fact that the public is sparse and the surname is different, so I am confused.
"But Wei Mingdi is relying heavily on Sima Yi to resist the challenge of the Northern Expeditionary Army of Shu Han, and did not take his uncle's advice to heart.
Cao Zhi's early poems were full of high spirits and cheerful and heroic tone because of the favorable circumstances.
The works are full of elegance, but lack of flesh and blood.
In his later period, his ambition was frustrated, he was oppressed and persecuted, and his poetic style turned to grief, anger and generosity, showing his resentment against the oppressors and his strong spirit of demanding liberation.
Cao Zhi's works are "extremely high in backbone". He has been pursuing the ideal of making contributions all his life. He is good at expressing his generous and tragic feelings with a full and vigorous image, which is magnificent and magnificent, and he is depressed and frustrated.
The lyrics of Cao Zhi's poems are written by Hua Mao, who is good at refining words and describing them deeply and delicately.
In terms of technique, Cao Zhi pays attention to duality and sensuality, which is precise. Duality is becoming more and more precise, and he makes good use of rich metaphors. He is good at supporting things, paying attention to momentum, and being good at using epigrams to drive the whole article.
Xie Lingyun, a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said that "there is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian (Zhi) monopolizes eight fights, so I have to fight, and the world is divided into one fight.".
"is the highest evaluation of Cao Zhi.
Zhong Rong, the author of Shi Pin, also praised Cao Zhi's "extraordinary strength of character, colorful words in Hua Mao, elegant feelings and resentment, elegant body, and outstanding style.
"Cao Zhi, Wang Can and Liu Zhen are also called" Cao Wang "and" Cao Liu ".
Xiao Gang's Book with the King of Eastern Hunan in the Southern Dynasties: "Far away, you can praise the horse and Cao Wang, while near you, you can admire Pan Lu and Yan Xie.
"Wang Shizhen commented that poets in the two thousand years since the Han and Wei Dynasties were called" immortals ",and Cao Zhi, Li Bai and Su Shi were three people.
according to Shu Duan, "Cao Zhi also wrote a book.
"Xuan He Shu Pu" also records that Cao Zhi's youth is intelligent, his memory is amazing, he never forgets anything, and his upright spirit in his chest stems from his pen and ink leisure.
Cao Zhi's Zhuque Fu written by Zhang Cao is the best in calligraphy.