1. 3. Reading analysis questions. Read the following classical Chinese passage and observe from this, then today’s high nobility shows its status.
(1) Explain the difference of "zhi" Meaning (4 points) A person who pretends to be crazy and does not know where he is: verb, go to, arrive. (otherwise), to make the leader of the five people stay old under the house: an auxiliary word, indicating a modified relationship, can be used as "of". People All can be subordinated: pronouns, he, they. An Nengqu (hero) and others: particles, used between subject and predicate structures to cancel the independence of the sentence and make it a partial structure (3) Find the passive in the text Sentences and judgmental sentences (4 points) Passive sentences: It cannot be tolerated to give posthumous titles from far and near. The beauty is obvious, but five people can also add their native seals. Judgmental sentences: It is the fate of Sigu for a hundred generations (4) Translation of the sentence "Otherwise. What a tragedy" (5 points) Otherwise, if the five of them can save their lives and live at home (house: doors and windows, referring to home), they can live to old age, but everyone can treat them as slaves and servants, and they How to gain the respect of heroes, hold their wrists in front of their tombs (to express respect for the five people and hatred for the eunuchs), and express one's sigh as a man of lofty ideals? (5) Who is compared with whom in the text? What do they mean? (5 points) Comparing high-ranking officials with these five people shows that life and death are important, that an individual is more important than the country, and that ambitious civilians are more noble and valuable than officials who are greedy for life and afraid of death. 2. Translation From this point of view, once these high-ranking officials and dignitaries are in power, once they pay for their crimes or escape, they cannot be tolerated. Translation: From this point of view, once these high-ranking officials and dignitaries are now Some were punished for committing crimes, and some escaped and could not be tolerated anywhere near and far; some had their hair cut off and their faces disfigured, stayed in seclusion, or pretended to be crazy and did not know where to escape.
From Zhang Pu's "Tombstone Story of Five People" in the Ming Dynasty, an excerpt from the original text: From this point of view, today's high-ranking nobles show up in positions. Once they are guilty or escape, they cannot be tolerated far or near, and there are Those who cut off their hair and pretend to be crazy and don't know where they are are humiliating others and despicable. How can the death of five people be regarded as serious or serious? Therefore, Liaozhou Duke Zhou's loyalty was outraged by the court, and he was given a posthumous title and honor after his death. The five people were also granted earth seals and their names were listed on the embankment. People from all over the world worshiped and wept. , Si Gu’s encounter in a hundred generations. Translation: From this point of view, once these high-ranking officials and dignitaries are punished for committing crimes, some of them escape and cannot be tolerated anywhere near and far; some also cut off their hair and disfigure their faces, stay in seclusion, or pretend to be crazy and don't know where to escape. , their shameful personalities and despicable behaviors, how serious the difference is compared to the death of these five people? Therefore, Mr. Zhou Liaozhou's loyalty was revealed to the court, and the posthumous title given to him was beautiful and glorious, and he enjoyed the glory after his death; and these five people were able to build a large tomb, erect a monument on the embankment, and inscribe their names on the embankment. No one with lofty ideals can pass by without kneeling down and crying. This is really a rare opportunity for EMI.
Extended information Creation background: In the late Ming Dynasty, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian took over the power and the eunuch party was in power. At that time, the Donglin Party members, headed by Jiangnan scholar-officials, advocated opening up the channels of speech and improving politics.
They went to court many times to impeach Wei Zhongxian, and the struggle was very fierce. The eunuch party headed by Wei Zhongxian brutally persecuted the Donglin Party members.
In the sixth year of Tianqi (1626), Wei Zhongxian sent people to Suzhou to arrest Zhou Shunchang. The people of Suzhou were so angry that they rose up to resist and rioted. In order to protect the masses, the leader Yan Peiwei and other five people surrendered and died heroically.
The following year, Emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne and deposed Wei Zhongxian. Wei committed suicide because of his crime. The eunuch failed, and Zhou Shunchang was able to be exonerated. In order to commemorate the five dead martyrs, the people of Suzhou buried them together on the Shantang River embankment in front of Huqiu Mountain outside the city, which is called the "Tomb of Five People".
The author wrote this article in the first year of Chongzhen (1628).
Appreciation of the main theme: By describing the origin of the establishment of the Tomb of the Five, the achievements of the five, and the people who requested the erection of tombstones for the five, the article enthusiastically commended the heroic images of Suzhou citizens who emerged during the movement. They were not afraid of * **, uphold justice, and have the unyielding spiritual quality until death.
The author spoke highly of their spirit, affirmed the great significance and immortal achievements of the struggle, and then revealed the theme that ordinary people are beneficial to the country and people's hearts. Baidu Encyclopedia - Tombstones of Five People. 3. Translation of Gou Jian's embarrassment and suicide. 1. "From this point of view, what is a blessing?
1. Translation: When Gou Jian was trapped in Kuaiji, he once sighed (kuì, collapse) Then he sighed and said, "Am I going to end my life here? Zhong said: "Shang Tang was imprisoned in Xiatai, King Wen of Zhou was besieged in Youli, Chong'er of Jin fled to Zhai, and Xiaobai of Qi fled to Ju. They all finally became kings and dominated the world."
From this perspective, is it possible that our situation today cannot be a blessing? "The King of Wu pardoned the King of Yue. After Gou Jian returned home, he thought deeply and worked hard to hang gall on the seat. He could taste the gall while sitting or lying down, and he could taste the gall in his food and drink. He also said: "Have you forgotten the shame of Kuaiji? ? "He farmed by himself, his wife weaved by herself, and never had meat dishes for meals.
From ***, he has two layers of gorgeous clothes, is polite to wise men, can accept humiliation, and entertains guests with enthusiasm and sincerity. He could help the poor, mourn the dead, and work together with the people. The King of Yue wanted Fan Li to manage the government affairs of the country. Fan Li replied: "I am not as good as me in fighting with troops; I am not as good as me in calming down and appeasing the country, and making the people close to me." .
"So he entrusted the government affairs to the official Zhong, and asked Fan Li and the official Zheji to seek peace and go to the state of Wu as hostages. The state of Wu did not let Fan Li return to the country two years later.
Gou Jian left Kuaiji. Seven years after returning to the country, he always comforted his soldiers and people, hoping to take revenge on the state of Wu. The doctor Feng (páng, aside) came to remonstrate with him and said: "The country has just been in exile, and today it is rich and prosperous. If we reorganize our armaments, the state of Wu will definitely be defeated." Fear, it is afraid, disaster will inevitably come.
Besides, when a ferocious big bird attacks a target, it must be hidden first. Now, the Wu army is pressing on the border of Qi and Jin, and has a deep hatred for Chu and Yue. Although it is famous in the world, it actually harms the Zhou royal family.
Wu lacks morality but has a lot of merit, so he must be arrogant and arrogant. If you really care about the Yue State, it is better for the Yue State to make friends with the Qi State, get closer to the Chu State, submit to the Jin State, and treat Wu favorably.
The State of Wu has lofty ambitions and must treat war with contempt. In this way, our country can contact the forces of the three countries and let the three countries attack the State of Wu, and the State of Yue can take advantage of its fatigue to conquer it. Gou Jian said, "Okay." "
Two years later, King Wu was about to attack Qi. Zixu came to remonstrate and said, "No.
I heard that Goujian never cooked two kinds of good dishes, and shared the joys and sorrows with the people. If this person doesn't die, he will definitely become a worry for our country.
The state of Wu had the state of Yue, which was a close concern, but Qi was just like a scabies to Wu. I hope the king will give up attacking Qi and attack Yue first.
"The King of Wu refused to listen, so he sent troops to attack Qi. He defeated the Qi army in Ailing and captured Gao and Guoshi of Qi and returned to Wu. The King of Wu blamed Zixu, and Zixu said: " Don't be too happy! "The King of Wu was very angry. Zixu wanted to commit suicide. The King of Wu heard that and stopped him.
Zhong, the official of the Yue State, said: "I observed that the King of Wu was too arrogant in power. Please allow me to test it and tell him. He borrowed food to gauge King Wu's attitude toward Yue. "Zhong asked the King of Wu to borrow grain.
The King of Wu wanted to lend it, but Zixu suggested not to lend it. The King of Wu lent it to Yue anyway, and the King of Yue was secretly very happy. Zixu said: "The king won't listen to me. The country of Wu will be in ruins in three years! "After Dazai Pi heard this, he argued with Zixu many times about the strategy to deal with Yue. He took the opportunity to slander Zixu and said: "Wu Yuan is loyal on the surface, but in fact he is cruel. He doesn't even care about his father and brother. How can he Where is King Xi? The king wanted to attack Qi State last time, and the soldiers strongly remonstrated. Later, you fought successfully, and he resented you for it.
If you don’t guard against him, he will definitely cause chaos.
"Pei also conspired with Feng Liang to slander Zixu again and again in front of the king.
The king did not listen to the slander at first, so he sent Zixu as an envoy to Qi. He heard that Zixu had When his son was entrusted to Bao, the king became furious and said, "Wu Yu really deceived me! "After Zixu returned from his mission to Qi, the King of Wu sent someone to give Zixu a "Ruo" sword and asked him to commit suicide. Zixu laughed and said: "I assisted your father to dominate, and I made you the king. At first you wanted to divide the Kingdom of Wu equally with me, but I didn't accept it. Not long after that, today you killed me for your slander.
Alas, alas, you can never build a country by yourself! Zixu told the envoy: "I must take out my eyes and hang them on the east gate of the capital of Wu, so that I can see the Vietnamese army entering the capital with my own eyes." So the king of Wu reused Pei to take charge of the state affairs. Three years later, Gou Jian summoned Fan Li and said : "The king of Wu has killed Xu, and there are many flatterers. Can we attack Wu?" Fan Li replied: "No."
"In the spring of the next year, King Wu went to Huangchi in the north to join the princes. All the elite troops of Wu State followed King Wu to the meeting. Only the old, weak and remnant soldiers and the prince stayed behind in the capital of Wu. Gou Jian asked again Can Fan Li attack the state of Wu?
Fan Li said: "Okay", so he sent 2,000 soldiers who were familiar with water warfare and 40,000 well-educated soldiers with higher status. Six thousand Guardsmen and one thousand various administrative and technical officers attacked Wu.
The Wu army was defeated. The Vietnamese army also killed the prince of Wu. King Wu was meeting the princes in Huangchi. He was afraid that the world would hear the news of this tragic defeat, so he kept it secret.
King Wu had already made an alliance with the princes in Huangchi, so he sent people with generous gifts to request the Yue Kingdom. The king of Yue thought that he could not destroy the state of Wu, so he made peace with the state of Wu.
After four years, the state of Yue attacked the state of Wu again. The army and the people of the state of Yue were exhausted. He died in the battle between Qi and Jin.
So the Yue State defeated the Wu army and besieged the capital of Wu for three years. When the Wu army failed, the Yue State besieged the King of Wu again on Mount Gusu. Xiong took off his shirt, exposed his arms, knelt forward and asked to make peace with the King of Yue. He said, "The helpless minister Fu Cha took the liberty to reveal his wish. I once offended you in Kuaiji, and I dare not disobey your order. If If I can make peace with you, I will withdraw my troops and return home.
Today you come here to punish me, and I will obey your orders, but my private intention is to forgive my husband Chai's sins just like Kuaiji Mountain did to you! Gou Jian couldn't bear it and wanted to agree to the king of Wu. Fan Li said: "The matter about Kuaiji is that God gave the country of Yue to the country of Wu, and the country of Wu did not want it."
Today, God gave the Kingdom of Wu to the Kingdom of Yue. Can the Kingdom of Yue violate the destiny of heaven? Besides, the king went to court in the morning and left court in the evening, wasn’t it because of the state of Wu? I have been planning to conquer Wu for twenty-two years. Is it okay if I give up? If you don’t take what God has given you, you will be punished. ‘Use an ax to chop wood to make an ax handle, and the shape of the ax handle is around you.
'Have you forgotten the sufferings of Kuaiji? Gou Jian said: "I want to follow your advice, but I can't bear his messenger." Fan Li then beat the drum and marched forward, saying: "The king has entrusted the government affairs to me, the state of Wu." 4. Classical Chinese translation of "Remembering the View of the Snow Moon"
Recording the View of the Snow Moon·(Ming Dynasty) Shen Zhou Dynasty Ding Wei [1], the winter was warm and there was no snow.
Zuo began on the third day of the first lunar month of Wushen [2], and Ji began on the fifth day [3]. The wind and cold did not go away [4], and it was still there on the tenth day. It was the night when the moon came out, and the moon competed with the snow. Sitting under the paper window, I felt bright and strange.
Then he put on some clothes and climbed up to the small building on the west side of the stream. The building is close to the water, but everything below is empty and clear[5], and it is covered with snow on all sides. It looks like it is painted with silver or splashed with mercury.
The moon reflects on the clear waves, the shadows of the trees are blurred, and if you see sparse hair in the mirror, it is so cute and lovely[6]. The skin is cold[7], and the clearness penetrates into the lungs, which is caused by leaning on the railing[8].
I look up and feel at a loss [9], and I look down and feel suddenly [10]; I can’t stop it [11], I can’t take it in; God and things merge, people see two wonders, the sky will cover me. In the hometown of Taisu[12], it is almost impossible to trace the shape with strokes and describe it with words[13] to convey the message to those who cannot follow.
There is so much to gain! , I still think that the famous mountains and rivers in the world should be as big as this, and their snow and moon should have gods.
I want to carry it with me and fly across the Eight Biaos [14], and then return it to its arms. Although the sweat is not easy to calm down [15], the old spirit is declining [16], and some people are extremely cold.
When Nai Haoge went downstairs, it was already past midnight[17]. Still returning to the window, sitting there as if lost[18].
I have not encountered this scene often in my life, and if I forget it for a few days, I will search for changes for several days [19], and I will not know what it means [20], so I wrote it. Notes: [1] Ding Wei: Ming Xianzong Chenghua twenty-three years (1487).
[2] Wushen: the first year of Hongzhi, Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty (1488). [3] Ji: Here it is said that the snow has stopped and the sun has cleared.
[4] 熱(hù) is cold and condensed. [5] Xu Cheng: empty and clear.
[6] Li Liran: A clear look. [7]浃(jiā): through.
[8] Column frame (shǔn): Column stem. The vertical ones are columns and the horizontal ones are frames.
[9] Confused: confused and unclear. [10] Suddenly: vague.
[11] xiā: Open your mouth wide. [12] Taisu: plain.
[13] Apply: lay out. [14]Xie: rely on.
Babiao: means outside the eight directions, referring to extremely far places. [15] Romance: boundless.
[16] Decay Sa: Decline. [17] Ergu: Second watch.
[18] Wusi: Sitting alone. [19]Change: more.
[20] Huanghuang: dim and unclear appearance. Shen Zhou (1427-1509), whose courtesy name was Qinan, alias Shitian, and late alias Bai Shiweng, was born in Changzhou (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province).
On the eleventh year of the year, he traveled to the southern capital and wrote a hundred-rhyme poem for Cui Gong, the governor's assistant. He was interviewed for "Phoenix Terrace Fu" and was awarded the title immediately. When he got older, the county governor wanted to recommend virtuous people, and he found out about ninety-five chapters of Zhou Zhen's "Yi", so he decided to follow it in secret.
The governors Wang Shu and Peng Li saluted him one after another, wanting to stay behind the curtain and saying goodbye as their mother. Shen Zhou was a famous calligrapher and painter in the Ming Dynasty.
Huang Tingjian was a calligrapher; he was good at landscape painting and also worked on flowers and birds. Together with Wen Zhengming, Tang Yin and Qiu Yin, he was known as one of the "Four Ming Masters". His poetry is influenced by Bai Juyi, Su Shi, and Lu You, and his literature "Zuo Shi Zhuan" is valued by the world.
His poetry works include "Selected Poems of Ishida" and "Collected Poems of Mr. Shen Ishida". This article is selected from Volume 9 of "Collected Poems of Mr. Shen Shitian".
The article was written in the first year of Hongzhi, Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty (1488). The author was sixty-two years old at the time.
It snowed heavily in Wu for two consecutive days. The weather was extremely cold and the snow did not melt for several days. This is rare in Jiangnan. With the unique vision of a painter and the temperament of a poet, the article vividly reproduces the snowy scene under the moonlight, such as "if it is painted with silver and splashed with mercury, the sky will shine on people, and their flesh and bones will be shining brightly."
Such a "blood and flesh compatibility" purifies everyone. This is a beautiful piece of prose.
Translation: (found on the blog of a senior Chinese teacher) In the winter of Ding Wei, the weather was warm and there was no snowfall. In the second year (Wushen year), it started to snow on the third day of the first lunar month, and the weather cleared up on the fifth day of the first lunar month.
But the cold wind was still raging and the ice and snow were freezing. Until the tenth day of the first lunar month, the land was still covered in snow. That night, the bright moon rose into the sky and the snowy moon reflected it. I sat under the paper window and felt extremely bright.
So I put on my clothes and went out, climbing to the small building on the west side of the stream. The small building is next to a stream, which is crystal clear and covered with white snow. It is like being coated with a layer of silver, or like mercury splashed on the ground. It shines brightly and makes people's skin shine brightly and white.
The bright moon reflects the cold water waves, and the shadows of the trees sway in the water, just like the hair reflected in the mirror, clearly. The cold air penetrated into my muscles and bones, refreshing my heart. I held on to the railing and climbed up.
Looking up, you feel boundless; looking down, you feel chaos. Unconsciously, Yaran couldn't stop marveling, staring for a long time and unwilling to take his eyes back.
The human spirit and external objects merge into a whole, and both oneself and the surrounding environment become a magical landscape. God has placed me in the universe. This scenery cannot be conveyed with strokes, nor can it be described and conveyed with words to people who have not personally experienced this scene.
It seems that I have gained a lot! At the same time, I also thought that the famous mountains and rivers in the world should be more spectacular than here at this moment, and the exquisiteness of the snow and moon there should be more magical. My thoughts were racing in all directions, and it took me a long time to come back to my senses.
The boundless thoughts cannot be calmed down, but because of my old age and declining body, I can no longer resist the invasion of cold. So he sang loudly and walked down the small building. It was already past the second watch.
Go back to the window and sit alone. Thinking of the fact that such scenery has not been seen often in this life, and is forgotten and changed day by day, many of them have become confused and blurred.
So I wrote down this experience in pen. Thinking and training 1. Explain that the dotted classical Chinese in the following sentences is a content word, and write an idiom or phrase containing this word.
① Work started on the third day of the first lunar month of Wushen ② Ji started on the fifth day ③ The moon competed with the snow ④ The flesh and blood are shining together 2. The word added in the following sentence is closest to the modern meaning or usage: ( ) ① Lili is cute ② Feeling bright and clear ③ Looking down and suddenly ④ It is almost impossible to trace the shape with strokes 3. The "view of the snowy moon" described by the author is very poetic and picturesque, please briefly explain. 4. The author was sixty-two years old when he wrote this article, so the feelings he wrote also bear the mark of his age.
Just imagine, if you were a handsome young man, how would you feel when you saw this snowy scene? How is the state of mind of the elderly Shen Zhou reflected? 5. Rewrite the passage "It's the night when the moon rises... because I lean on the railing" into a modern text. Reference answers 1. ① Rain, snow; stormy.
②The sky cleared up; the clouds cleared and the rain cleared. ③Brilliant, bright and lustrous; spring is brilliant.
④ Clear, pure; crystal clear and beautiful. 2. ② 3. The moon reflects the snow, and the snow and moon shine together, which is picturesque; the scenes blend together, integrating the author's vicissitudes of mind and unique life experience.
4. As a vigorous young man, his specific age mark should be enthusiasm, unrestrained, elegant, and romantic; the state of mind of the old Shen Zhou is as calm and plain as revealing the vicissitudes of life and confusion, and the beauty is pregnant with it. It is desolate and cold, and happiness contains confusion and helplessness. five. 5. The explanation of "you" in classical Chinese
The basic meaning of "daodao" and "people's freedom" is "obedience" 1. Reason: original ~.
Things~. Reason~.
~ Yu (preposition, indicating reason or reason). 2. From, from: ~ from the outside to the inside.
~Sincerely (out of one’s heart). 3. Submit, obey, belong: ~No.
Xinma~rein. 4. Passage, experience: the inevitable path.
~It’s been a long time coming. 5. By virtue of: ~This can be known.
6. The same as "Yu" in ancient times, "still", "return". 7. In ancient times, it is the same as "Jü", like, as if.
8. Surname. Detailed word meanings
It also generally refers to the birth of [sprout], which is now in Ximuzhijin, and will still be restored. ——"Zuo Zhuan" 3. Another example: by tillers (the branches of trees that are withered or cut down and regenerated after being cut down); 4. by, by [pass through; by way of] Who can leave the house but not by way of? ——"The Analects of Confucius·Yongye" I was in the Penal Department Prison, and there were three or four people who came out of Dou after seeing death.
——Fang Bao's "Prison Miscellaneous Notes" 5. Another example: the only way;, go out through the side door 6. Walk [walk] It's a pity to leave the right road and not be able to follow it. ——"Mencius" 7. Tong "yi" (yǐ).
Use [use] There is no easy way for a gentleman to explain. ——"Poetry·Xiaoya·Xiaobian".
Note: "By, use." It cannot be left to my son.
——"Zuo Zhuan·The Thirty Years of Duke Xiang". Du Yu's note: "Yu means to use.
”
Billions of boats and hundreds of millions of walls must be blocked to prevent sexual intercourse. - "Tiangong Kaiwu" 8. Another example: Youfang (music entertainment in the room) 9 . Appointment [appoint] Because of the many dangers in the Jin Dynasty, it cannot be done by a gentleman; my son has been humiliated in the mud for a long time. ——"Zuo Zhuan" If you fail to do so, your virtue will never fade.
——"Hanshu" 10. Another example: Youyi (appoint it to use its talents to the best of its ability) 11. Let it; let it [allow; let] If you compete in the championship, it depends on who you are. Lose to him. ——"Water Margin" 12. Another example: Yude (allow oneself to do so); Yuxin (allow oneself to do one's best); Yuben (allow oneself to do one's duty); Yushen (allow oneself to do so); Yuxing (allow oneself to have one's own will) 13 . Follow; follow [follow] not to be wrong and not to forget, to follow the old chapter
- "Poetry Daya" The people can follow it, but they cannot understand it - "The Analects of Confucius" 14. Another example: Youwen (follow the etiquette); Youxing (act according to the way); Youli (follow the etiquette) 15. Play [stroll about]
For example: Youyan (parade Yanyi. Indulge in fun). ; You Ao (amusement); You Xi (game); You You (pleasure) 16. Walking; practicing [conform to] narrowness and disrespect, a gentleman cannot help himself.
——"Mencius" This is why Long Li is called a person with good skills - "Book of Rites" (Name) 1. Reason [reason] It is said that the ancestors of the ancients had merits and virtues, and each had his own reasons for making rituals and music. /p>
——"Historical Records" 2. Another example: Youzhuang (origin and circumstances); Youyuan (reason); Youwei (original story); Youbei (origin; beginning) 3. Source; beginning [ origin] Good actions come from the heart, good words come from the intention, the same origin, the same Qi - "Lun Heng" by Wang Chong of the Han Dynasty 4. Another example: Youli (origin and course); Youqu (origin). Origin; origin); Youxu (origin; origin) 5. Chance; opportunity [opportunity] Someone is willing to meet, but there is no way to achieve it.
- "Rites" I want to return to Guanzhong, but I want to return to Guanzhong. There is no reason for it. ——"Book of Zhou" 6. French style [code] Don't say anything about it, don't say anything about it
——"Shi·Xiaoya·Bin's First Banquet" 7. Ways. ; The method [way] of Shengwu is to govern the people. If you advance, you will have no way to gain the benefits; if you retreat, you will have no way to avoid the harm. - "Guanzi" 8. Another example: no way (no way, no way) 9. . Surname.
For example: Youwu (complex surname) 1. Because; due to [because of; due to] it is born, and something is not used. ——"Mencius Gaozi" Xuanzong. It was also enshrined at the beginning, Cheng Ji reviewed the Xiaoyin rhythm...it must be a wonderful and clever sound, so I was lucky. ——Wang Chen, "Tang Yulin Yaliang" in the Song Dynasty, it was promoted and hung. The name of Jinling was reached among the Jin gentry (Zhi, verb, to) - "The Biography of Liu Jingting" by Huang Zongxi of the Qing Dynasty 2. Another example: Youyi (therefore)
——"Erya" The light enters the room from the roof.
——Xue Fucheng of the Qing Dynasty, "Viewing Paris Oil Paintings" 2. Another example: Youzhong (sincerely); Youzi (since, admiring oneself); Yulai (since the beginning); Youzhong (sincerely) Common phrases 1. You can't yóubude (1) [cannot help]: The characteristic of involuntary cross talk is that it makes people laugh. (2) [be beyond the control of; not be up to ***. to decide]: cannot obey; cannot let... take the decision It's not up to you 2. Origin yóulái (1) [origin] (2) The reason why something happened (3) Always; since the beginning; it has been a long time since it happened 3. yóutou [pretext] excuse; make up a reason slipped out 4. yóuyú [thanks to; due to; because of; as a result of] Because it was foggy, it took us two or three days to get there 5. Sincerely yóuzhōng(1) [from the bottom of one's heart; heartfelt]: heartfelt; sincere gratitude from the heart (2) [sincere]: emphasizes spontaneity, not pretense; also known as "Yuzhong", "Yuzhong". 6. Translation and answers to the classical Chinese text "Zhe Chengzi"
Original text:
Xi Chengzi was hired by Lu ① in Jin Dynasty. Chen Le ② was not happy, and he was drunk with wine and presented the bi to him. Don't hesitate to go overboard. His servant said: "My son is also very happy to be serving the wine of the minister of the valley to the right. Now the lord has passed by and you can't say goodbye?" He Chengzi said: "I stopped and drank my wine. You are happy with me. Chen is happy but not happy. , Tell me that you are worried. You are drunk and give me a bi. If you look at it from this, there will be chaos in Wei! He returned the car and came back, and returned home after three actions. When he arrived, he sent someone to welcome his wife, separated her from another house, divided her salary and food. His son grew older and turned against his jade. When Confucius heard about it, he said: "The man who is wise enough to make subtle plans and benevolent enough to entrust wealth is called Xi Chengzi!" Xi Chengzi's view is that he is also responsible for the officials in the valley, which is profound and wonderful. It can be said that one can observe people without observing their actions but observing their aspirations.
He Chengzi (a doctor of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, named Wei) served as the envoy of the State of Lu and visited the State of Jin.
When passing by Weiguo, the right minister Gu Chen (from Wei) invited him to stay for a drink and arranged a band to play music, but he did not appear happy. After drinking heavily, he also gave Li Chengzi a jade as a gift. However, when Li Chengzi passed by Wei on his way home, he did not say goodbye to Gu Chen.
He Chengzi's servant said: "Previously, the right minister Gu Chen invited you to drink and drank very happily. Now that you are passing by Weiguo when you come back, why don't you say goodbye to him?"
He Chengzi said: "The reason why he stayed and drank with me was to rejoice with me; when he arranged for the orchestra to play music but not to rejoice, it was to tell me about his sorrow; when he gave me the jade after he had drunkenly, he wanted to entrust it to me. From this point of view, , there will be turmoil in Weiguo."
Only thirty miles away from Weiguo, he heard that the Ningxi Rebellion had occurred and Gu Chen, the right prime minister, was killed. He immediately turned around and returned to Gu. The Chen family paid homage repeatedly before returning to Lu. After arriving home, he sent someone to welcome Gu Chen's wife, allocated a part of his house for her to live in, and used part of his salary to support her. When Gu Chen's son grew up, he returned the jade. .
When Confucius heard about this, he said: "If you have foresight, you can plan countermeasures in advance; if you have benevolence and righteousness, you can entrust your property. Is he talking about Li Chengzi?"