Chang [Chang, pronounced as chàng (ㄔㄤˋ)]
1. Origin of the surname:
Single origin: derived from the surname Jiang, from the Spring and Autumn Period The officials of the duke family of Qi State have their surnames based on the names of their feudal towns.
According to many historical materials and documents, the Chang family is from the Jurchen tribe and is a unique surname of the Manchu people. In fact, this conclusion is wrong!
In the Tang Dynasty, the famous tea sage Lu Yu quoted from Daoyue's "The Biography of the Ming Monk" in "The Book of Tea: Seven Things": "In the Song Dynasty, Fa Yao's surname was Chang and he was from Hedong. He crossed the river in Yongjiazhong and met Shen Taizhen went to Wukang Xiaoshan Temple to visit Zhenjun. He went to the Wukang Xiaoshan Temple to drink tea at the restaurant. He crossed the river in Yongjiazhong and met Shen Taizhen. He invited Zhenjun to Wukang Xiaoshan Temple and drank tea at Yongmingzhong. Wu Xingli went to Beijing in the 79th year. In Yongming Dynasty, Wu Xingli went to Beijing in the 79th year. "From this, people can not only see that during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chinese monks and Taoists were in the temples south of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. There is already a custom of tea-selling, and from now on it can be seen that the Chang clan has become quite well-known to people.
The first title of the "Burial of Liu Huai and his wife Chang" recorded on the epitaph No. 6958 of the National Library of China is: "The epitaph of the joint burial of Liu Huai and his wife Pei Chang in Ming Dynasty"; The title of the seal script on the cover is: "The epitaph of the Ming Dynasty scholar Liu Gong of Lexi and his wife Chang were buried together." This epitaph was written by Zhang Li of the Ming Dynasty, written by Zhong Duo, and covered by Fang Yuanhuan's seal. It was inscribed on November 9 of the lunar calendar in the first year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty (1567 AD). The epitaph was unearthed in Linqing City, Shandong Province. Obviously, according to this epitaph, it shows that the Chang clan has long lived and multiplied in the Central Plains.
In fact, according to records in the historical books "Customs and Customs" and "Chenliu Customs and Customs Biography" and other records: "The surname Jiang came from Chang, the Empress of Qi, and she looked out of Wei County."
The Chang family originated from the Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was a descendant of the Gong clan. Lu Wang, the founder of the Chang family, was well versed in Wen Tao's military strategy. In order to persuade King Wen of Zhou not to rush into business, he once persuaded him with a very wonderful piece of language: "When a bird of prey is about to attack, it humbles its body and flutters its wings; when a ferocious beast is about to fight, it bows its ears and prostrates; a sage If you are about to move, you must be foolish!"
During the Spring and Autumn Period, one branch of the Qi clan was different from other branches of the same clan. They took the surname of Changyi (now Changyi, Jilin) ??where they moved and changed their name to the Chang family. , still respects Lu Wang as his ancestor.
In the late Ming Dynasty, some members of the Chang clan took refuge in the Later Jin regime of Tong Nurhachi and were incorporated into the Manchuria Xiangbai Banner. After entering the customs, he followed Aixinjueluo Duduo to suppress Li Zicheng's peasant uprising army. He was listed in the banner for his meritorious service, but he was still Han nationality.
The ancestor who got the surname: Lu Wang.
That is Jiang Shang, also known as Ziya, who first hid in Weibin. King Wen of Zhou met him while hunting on the Wei River. He spoke with great joy and said, "My Taigong has been looking forward to his son for a long time." Therefore, he was named Taigong Wang and commonly known as Jiang. Taigong. In the process of assisting King Wen and King Wu of Zhou to destroy Shang and conquer Zhou, Lu Wang's main role was: first, he formulated a strategy of being respectful to Yin and paralyzing Shang Zhou; second, he adopted a strategy to win over the country and eliminate the wings of the Shang Dynasty. Steps; third, boost morale and enforce strict discipline; fourth, commanded the Battle of Muye, personally ordered to attack and defeat the main force of the merchant army.
After assisting King Wu of Zhou to complete the great cause of destroying Shang, Lu Wang was listed as the first contributor to the state of Sheji, was granted the title of Qi, and made Yingqiu (now Zibo, Shandong) the capital, becoming the founder of Qi. In the Zhou dynasty, Qi had the privilege of conquering the five princes and nine uncles, and its status was higher than that of the other vassal states.
2. Migration distribution:
The Chang family is the 216th surname in China today, with a population of about 4.8 million, accounting for 0.03 of the country's population. %.
The Chang family originated from the Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period. After a long history and changes in the world, they gradually formed large settlements in Henan County north of Luoshui and Wei County in the areas between Hebei, Shandong and Henan. Its population is prosperous and its branches are luxuriant.
During the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Central Plains was in chaos and wars were everywhere. Like other Central Plains gentry, some of the Chang family fled the chaos and entered southern provinces such as Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Chang family's Henan county still existed, but Linzhang, the seat of Wei County, was burned in wars several times. The Chang family had no choice but to move around, and one branch moved into the inner and outer areas. Shanxi, a land of mountains and rivers, was registered in Hedong County in southern Shanxi. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Changdang was famous in the poetry world for a poem with the same name as Wang Zhihuan, "Climbing the Stork Tower". This poem is a blend of scenes with Wang Zhihuan's poems. A good poem, the poem says: "I stand on the birds, high above the world, the sky surrounds the plains, and the rivers flow into the broken mountains."
After the Southern Song Dynasty settled in the south of the Yangtze River, and the Mongolian cavalry trampled the south of the Yangtze River in the late Song Dynasty, The Chang family could not bear the suffering of the war. They either made a living, fled, or became officials and gradually scattered in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Sichuan and other provinces.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi Chang family was one of the surnames of the immigrants from Hongdong Dahuai tree, and was relocated to Beijing, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan and other places.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the mainstream of the Chang family's reproduction was still in the north. Later, with various natural migration movements such as taking the west entrance and entering Guandong, the Chang family gradually spread throughout the northwest, northeast, and south China.
Today, the Chang surname is widely distributed in mainland China, especially in Shanxi and Henan provinces.
3. County Wangtang Number:
1. County Wang:
Henan County: During the Qin Dynasty, it was named Sanchuan County. In the second year of Emperor Gaozong of the Western Han Dynasty (205 BC), it was renamed Henan County, with its administrative seat in Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province). At that time, its jurisdiction included the lower reaches of Luoshui and Yishui in the south of the Yellow River in present-day Henan, the upper reaches of Shuangjie River, Jialu River and the Yellow River. The area around Yuanyang County in the north governs 22 counties, roughly equivalent to Mengjin, Yanshi, Gongyi, Xingyang, Yuanyang, Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, Xinzheng, Xinmi, Linru, Ruyang, Yichuan, Luoyang, etc. in Henan Province today. County and city. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Luoyang was the capital. In order to improve the status of Henan County, its chief officials were not called prefects but Yin. It was deposed in the early years of the Sui Dynasty and later restored to Henan County in Yuzhou. During the Tang Dynasty, it was Luozhou Henan Prefecture, and its jurisdiction was much smaller than the Henan County during the Han Dynasty. During the Yuan Dynasty, it was called Henan Road, and during the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was called Henan Prefecture. During the Republic of China, it was established as Henan Province.
Wei County: During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Liu Bang established a county, and its administrative location was Ye County (now Linzhang, Hebei Province). At that time, the area under its jurisdiction spanned the boundaries of today's Hebei, Shandong, and Henan provinces. The area under the jurisdiction of the Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms was the area between Neihuang County, Linzhang County, and Jun County in northern Henan Province, Daming County, Wei County, Cheng'an County in Hebei Province, and Guan County in Shandong Province. In the last year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the government was moved to Anyang. During the Sui Dynasty, it was changed to Xiangzhou Wei County. During the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Xiangzhou Ye County (today's Anyang, Henan), and the name of Wei County was transferred to Weizhou.
2. Hall number:
Henan Hall: The hall is built with hope.
4. Historical celebrities:
Chang Zeng: (years of birth and death to be determined), Western ***. Famous Han Dynasty scholar.
It is said that he wrote the famous "Shui De Jing".
Chang Huiming: (years of birth and death to be determined), a famous scholar of the Qi State in the Southern Dynasties, and the author of ten volumes of "On Semantics".
Chang Cui: (AD? ~ 765 to be tested), a native of Hedong (now Xia County, Shanxi). Famous minister of the Tang Dynasty.
Chang Dang: (date of birth and death to be determined), the son of Chang Cui; a native of Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi). Famous Tang Dynasty poet.
Chang Yue: (AD? ~ 788 to be tested), a native of Hedong (now Xia County, Shanxi). Famous Tang Dynasty official.
In the early years of Zhenyuan (784 AD), Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty was appointed Minister Zuocheng.
In the third year of Zhenyuan of the Tang Dynasty (787 AD), Chang Yue went to pay homage to the Hunan Observer Envoy.
In the fourth year of Zhenyuan of the Tang Dynasty (788 AD), he appointed himself the crown prince Zuo Shuzi and paid homage to Gui Guan as the observer. He later died in the town.
Chang Gong: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Hedong (now Xia County, Shanxi). Famous Tang Dynasty painter.
He is good at painting landscapes, just like Li Sixun. His son Chang Mingjin was also good at painting, and his achievements exceeded those of his father.
Chang Dayin: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Luoyang. Famous Song Dynasty scholar.
Zeng Cheng Yi. He wrote twenty-five volumes of the famous "Cheng's Posthumous Letters".
Chang Shiwen: (1246-1317 AD), courtesy name Chunfu, nickname Boran; a native of Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan). Famous Yuan Dynasty minister and agriculturist.
Chang Xuan: (years of birth and death to be determined), a famous official of the Ming Dynasty.
When the official arrived at the magistrate's county in Tai'an, there was news that he was worried about his mother. The people praised the deputy envoy, and after hearing about it, Zhu Gaochi, Emperor Renzong of the Ming Dynasty, ordered him to serve and return to his post.
In the first year of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, he served as a minister and the officials asked him to return.
Chang Heng: (years of birth and death to be determined), courtesy name and Wen Tong; a native of Hejin, Shanxi. Famous Ming Dynasty official.
In the 14th year of Chenghua's reign in the Ming Dynasty, he was awarded the title of Jinshi, with twenty-five in the third place.
Later, the magistrate of Changyuan County promoted him to be a censor and patrolled Zhejiang. At that time, there was a hunger in the year, so Changheng stopped and offered silk yarn and other things.
In the first year of Hongzhi's reign in the Ming Dynasty, Wen and Chu were asked to withdraw from the banking class, and they wanted to put Zhang Qing, the guarding official, in charge. Later, he was framed by the corrupt official Zhang Qing and was demoted to the magistrate of Jingyang County.
Chang Hua: (date of birth and death to be determined), courtesy name Zishi; a native of Longxi, Shaanxi (now Longxi, Gansu). Famous Ming Dynasty official.
In the 12th year of Zhengde's reign in the Ming Dynasty, he was awarded Jinshi, ranking 167th in the third place.
Later, he was first appointed as the magistrate of Wuxi and served as the head of the Guangdong Department of the Ministry of Punishment. Later, he served as a secretary in Fujian Province and was imprisoned in many prisons.
In the ninth year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty, Chang Hua was promoted to Shanxi Province and was assigned the post of Chasi Qianshi. He patrolled the Hedong Road to eliminate bandits and bring peace to the people.
After three years in the job, Chang Hua asked to retire on the grounds that he was nearly sixty years old.
Chang Yue: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Mengjin, Henan.
In the third year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, he passed the Jinshi examination and ranked third and ninth.
Chang Taizhao: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Xinxiang, Henan.
In the 18th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty, he was awarded Jinshi, ranking third and seventh.
Chang Yunsong: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Qi County, Shanxi.
In the 24th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty, he passed the imperial examination and ranked third and thirty-nine.
Chang Yuxiong: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Xinxiang, Henan.
In the second year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty, he passed the Jinshi examination and ranked third, 212nd.
Chang Zengyu: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Hejin, Shanxi.
In the eighth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty, he passed the Jinshi examination and ranked third and 152nd.
Chang Chunyan: (1928~present), a native of Mengjin, Henan. Famous modern calligrapher.
He started working in 1948 and retired in 1988. The rank is deputy director.
Chang Zheng: (1930 AD to present day), formerly known as Chang Junzheng; a native of Huojia, Henan. Famous political economics expert.
Chang Kuai: (1930 AD to present day), a native of Taigu, Shanxi. Famous nuclear fuel expert.
Chang Bishun: (1933~present), a native of Hanyang, Hubei. Famous geology and minerals expert.
Chang Guangyuan: (1937~present), a native of Linyi, Shanxi. Famous modern educator.
Graduated from Xi'an Normal University in 1959 and is currently a professor in the Chinese Department of Shaanxi Normal University.
He has been engaged in research on literature, art and literary psychology for a long time, and has published five academic monographs including "The Psychology of Poetry Creation", "The Art of Juche Essay", and "The Humanistic Spirit of Chinese Literature". He is a member of the Chinese Writers Association, a director of the Chinese and Foreign Cultural and Literary Theory Society, an executive director of the Shaanxi Provincial Writers Association, and a vice chairman of the Shaanxi Literary Critics Association.