In the aforementioned "Questions (I) and (II)", Li Wentian's negative theory and Guo Moruo's further negative theory were discussed. The general contents are as follows: Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Meeting" in the early spring of 353 AD, "There is no reason to be sad when drinking happily", "Shen Qizhi in Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting is a false trust for later generations", Jin people's "happy narration of Laozi and Zhuangzi", and two sentences in the Preface to Lanting are consistent with "Buddhist language". It is also about six years since the destruction of the Lanting site and the questioning of the Lanting preface. However, Guo Moruo never mentioned this matter, and whether it is related to politics is "inconclusive", but this can be shelved. As an "academic discussion" of predecessors, why "should there be a result?"
how clever Guo Moruo is. It is said that in his childhood, he became familiar with himself and "read no books". That's not bad. It's strange that your ass doesn't swell. Guo Fu knew that there was no book, but he was complained by his brother, and he was inevitably reprimanded. Guo Fu found the book, but Guo Moruo memorized it from beginning to end. Free of a board. It turned out that Guo Moruo read a book, but read a page and pulled a page. After reading the book, it was gone. People suspected that it had the power of "reading ten lines at a glance", so Guo Fu had to do it. Later, he became a rare writer, historian and calligraphy giant in China. As far as the study of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" is concerned, I'm afraid no one can match it in modern times. I remember a story. It was his disciples who saw two strange "symbols". The first symbol was "adding a horizontal line to the word" worm "and the second symbol was" two horizontal lines ",but they could not be solved. Guo Moruo asked for it. The old gentleman explained: This is" boundless wind and moon ",but this" boundless wind and moon "cannot be called" boundless wind and moon "? The old gentleman thinks that "a bug is as blind as a bat". The disciples were amazed. Now there is the word "world famous mountain" at the gate of Emei Mountain, which was written by Guo Moruo. Looking at its four characters, it is also worthy of being called a "calligraphy giant". I am afraid that no one can match it. Especially when the word "name" starts, it is like the finger of the mother of Buddha, which is shocking. The word "mountain" is even more calm, just like the portrayal of the towering fairy mountain. Speaking of this, you might as well take another trip and get into the "famous mountain in the world". About one mile up, it is the "Baoguo Temple". This "Baoguo Temple" used to be "Huizong Hall", but now the three-character plaque of "Baoguo Temple" is written by Kangxi. Then why did Kangxi get the book "Baoguo Temple"? After eighteen years of Shunzhi, he left the world without saying goodbye and followed an empty door. Later, in order to find his whereabouts, Kangxi searched everywhere, only knowing that the clue was "entering an empty door". Emei Mountain was already a Buddhist place, so how could it be let go? Therefore, there was a story of "Kangxi went to Emei". For the political struggle after Shunzhi's departure, Liang wrote "Seven Swords Down the Tianshan Mountains", which is the background of his statement. Others say that after the defeat of Zhang Xianzhong, the surplus of Dashun Army fled to the "Green Valley" in Emei Mountain, and often connected with the "Hongye Villa" (Nanchong) where the surplus of Zhang lived, and had contacts with Wu Sangui, the king of the day. For this reason, it is inevitable that Kangxi will go to Emei. Let's talk about entering the Baoguo Temple. On the left, there is a horizontal plaque of "Fa Yu Dong Chui", which was written by Mr. He Zhiyu (No."Yiquan"), one of the 1 calligraphers today. This Mr. He Zhiyu has a good knowledge of Buddhism. According to his research, "Pure Land Sect" was created by people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is the same as that of Wang Xizhi.
The purpose of drawing out the above paragraph has been made clear. I'm afraid it's difficult to describe it at the same time, so I mention it here.
Looking back, I will talk about the question of Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion. Presume the establishment of Guo Moruo's negative theory in advance. According to this, in the "story question", "author question" and "law post question", the first two "questions" can be classified as one general content; "Question of legal posts" is not in this topic.
According to the predecessors, Chinese scholarship is summarized as follows:
Academic thought is the soul of a nation. It seems to be empty and thin, but in fact the direction of progress is all guided by it. China is an academically developed country. For thousands of years, academics have been classified into different categories, each with its own essence. If you want to elaborate, it will be tens of millions of words. What I'm talking about here is just the outline of the ideological change and its relationship with the whole culture. According to this, China's academic thought can be divided into three periods:
(1) From ancient times to the Han and Wei Dynasties.
(2) From the importation of Buddhism to the end of Qing Dynasty. Among them, it is divided into Buddhist period; Neo-Confucianism period.
(3) Since the importation of western learning.
Nowadays, people who study pre-Qin philosophers mostly focus on their philosophy. This is really wrong.
There are two sources of the pre-Qin scholars' scholarship: (1) It degenerated from the ancient religious philosophy. (2) It was conceived from various specialized officials. The former emphasizes metaphysics, while the latter emphasizes politics and society. The history of Han, Yi Wen Zhi, said that all the scholars' learning originated from Wang Guan. "Huainan Yaolue" said that all the scholars' learning was due to the disadvantages of saving time. One says its cause, and the other says its fate, which are not as good as ancient philosophy. In particular, it can be seen that the pre-Qin philosophers paid more attention to political and social aspects than metaphysics. This meaning, can be seen in the neighborhood, only Zhang Binglin. The philosophical thoughts degenerated from ancient religions are roughly as follows: (1) The concept of Yin and Yang was established because of the phenomena of men and women, birds and animals, and the existence of heaven, earth, sun and moon in nature. (2) Ancient industries were divided into five categories: water, fire, wood, gold and earth. Real life affects philosophical thinking, so matter is divided into five elements. (3) Ideological progress, I feel that the theory of the five elements is not very reasonable, but it recognizes the essence of all things as one, and the name is called Qi. (4) At this point, the combination of yin and yang is not the root of the universe. Because the last is always unique, and only the only one can count as the last. Is to set up a unique concept, which is the so-called Tai Chi. (5) Knowing that quality and strength are not two things, the so-called existence is only implicit. (6) Because of the change, the root of the universe becomes a kind of power. (7) This kind of motivation is quite mechanical. Once launched, its direction is not easy to change. Therefore, there are meanings of being cautious and cautious. (8) force of nature is extremely great. Only obedience can't be resisted. So be natural. So expensive. (9) this kind of power, its direction is cyclical. Therefore, there is a meaning of fortune and fortune. Therefore, you know white and keep black, and you know the male and keep the female. (1) Since the original substance of all things is one and constantly changing, all things are simply one thing. Heaven and earth are also one of all things, so Hui Shi wants to advocate universal love, saying that heaven and earth are one, and the theory of things can be unified. On homotopy, class also. (11) Because everything is one thing, we can still deduce the general root of the phenomenon of heterogeneity. The so-called "poverty, so that life." These thoughts, which influenced later, were extremely profound. Scholars of all ages have regarded this as the golden rule. Admittedly, such broad statements are not easy to be mistaken. Because of the broad outline of his theory, it can be interpreted in many ways, that is, it seems no harm to keep his theory as a grand outline. However, some wrong ideas that can no longer be applied have to be corrected. For example, according to the theory of circulation, the ancients got it by observing the phenomena of cold and heat day and night. This theory can be applied to nature, although it may not be true. If it is transferred to social science, it will be misunderstood. Obviously it is evolutionary, how to say it is circular.
Pre-Qin philosophers' opinions on politics and society. They are "peasant", "Taoist", "Mohist", "Confucianism and Yin and Yang" and "Legalist".
Farmhouse represents the oldest idea. As long as you look at Xu Hang, you can understand this. There are two theories about Xu Xing: (1) The government has no authority. (2) Price is measured regardless of quality. If it is not based on the customs of the oldest and most humble society, we must never have this idea. The first chapter of Mencius and Teng Wengong.
Taoism represents the rebellious thoughts of a nomadic and aggressive society. The rate of Han people is called Huang Lao. Liezi and Tianrui have two books, the Yellow Emperor's Book and Laozi. There is another word from the Yellow Emperor. There is a book of the Yellow Emperor in Lifeng. It is also very similar to Laozi. The book "Lao Zi" (I) is mostly composed of three or four rhymes. (2) The terms used are extremely special. If there are males and females, there are no male and female characters. (3) The meaning of the book is that women's rights are superior to men's rights. It is worthy of its ancient times. This must have been said by word of mouth since ancient times, and what I wrote was by no means my own doing. The Yellow Emperor is a man with brilliant martial arts, and he should be the chief of an aggressive tribe. Aggression against the nation is generally too rigid and folded. Such as Yi Yi and Yin Yi, are all suitable examples. Therefore, there is a reaction in thought, and we should teach it to be soft. Laozi also advocates inaction. The meaning of the word inaction is misunderstood by future generations. For training. "Book of Rites Miscellaneous Notes": Confucius said: "Zhang without relaxation, civil and military can not also. Relaxed but not open, civil and military are not doing it. " This department stands on agriculture. Words are relaxed but not open, although civil and military can't change seeds into grains. Jia Yi's "Disciplining the People for Private Casting": "There are more and more money, and the grain is not for it." It is this meaning. Barbarian tribes tend to be eager for efficiency civilization, and their desire for efficiency civilization often sacrifices the happiness of most people. (A) because of social organization, it changes. (2) Because people in the world are engaged in extravagance, they are stripped off. Therefore, there is a reactionary idea to persuade people in the world not to lead people in the world to change. People in the next place, "want to do it", should also "make the town nameless and simple" This is exactly the same as today's people because of choking.
Mohism represents the culture of Xia dynasty. Han Yi Wen Zhi said that the Mohist school, "the thatched cottage is expensive and frugal." The rituals of the ancients are often preserved in a simple way after the progress of civilization as a souvenir. If there is wine, water is still used for sacrifice, which is an example. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Gong Yu brought a map of the Ming Hall, which was still covered with Mao. It can be seen that this statement in Hanzhi is true. Raising three young men is based on universal love. The third old man is more important, but he is the father and brother of others. Shang Xian is the base of choosing a scholar to shoot. Civilians use it. Worshipping strict father is a right ghost. People die as ghosts. It is fatal to go with the seasons. Life is predestined. Follow the four seasons, that is, the decree contained in the "Monthly Order". According to the "Order of the Month", if there are mistakes in government decrees, such as Meng Chunxing's summer vacation, there will be disasters. This is a punishment from heaven. However, heaven has the will to watch people's actions at any time and reward them. This is the origin of Mozi's theory of tianzhi. The so-called fate of his family, which contains the meaning of predestination, is close to mechanism. Seeing the world with filial piety is regarded as a sign. It is the same as above. " It is obvious that it is the duty in the hall. Therefore, Hanzhi said that he was an official of the Qing temple. See chapter 15. "Lu Lan Dangran" said: "Duke Hui of Lu asked the slaughter to pay tribute to the temple in the suburbs. The son of heaven made Shi Jiao go there, but he stopped it for the benefit of the public. Later, in Lu, Mozi studied. " This is the confirmation that Mohism came from the official of the Qing temple. It is reasonable that the ancient doctrines can be preserved in Qing temples. Mohism pays the most attention to practicality, and the classics, the classics, and the big and small take, all of which talk about profound philosophy, are published by famous artists and are in Mohist books, which is why. But this is not Mozi's emphasis. Mozi's aim is universal love. Because of universal love, we should not attack. In addition, Mozi's life was simpler than that of Yin and Zhou Dynasties, because the summer period was earlier and after the flood, so Mozi's aim was to be frugal. Because it is expensive and frugal, we should be frugal, frugal and not happy. In addition, the Xia Dynasty was earlier and superstition was deeper, so Mozi had a vision of heaven and a view of ghosts. If you want to talk about the will of heaven and the ghosts, you have to die. What Mohism has done is to change the ceremony of fierce famine and mourning.