After the Hongmen Banquet, Liu Bang was divided into Hanwang, Shu and Hanzhong, all of which were Nanzheng (now Hantai District of Hanzhong City). Hanwang came to Hanzhong from the Meridian Road and burned the plank road as he walked to show that he had no intention of returning north. When he came to Hanzhong, he was very angry. Xiao He urged him in time. In Hanzhong, Tian Han is called beautiful. The milky way in the sky corresponds to the Hanshui River on the ground, which is an act of god. King May Wang Hanzhong. So Hanwang saved his strength, accepted Xiao He's suggestion, and worshipped Han Xin, who had been humiliated by his legs, as a general, which surprised the whole army. Then the plank road was built in the Ming Dynasty, and Chencang went north to Qinling Mountains, destroying the powerful Xiang Yu, thus establishing a unified feudal dynasty-the Han Dynasty, known as the Western Han Dynasty in history. Hanzhong started the Han Dynasty and became the birthplace of the Western Han Dynasty. Allusions such as building a plank road, darkness, and cold current rising at night. The story of Xiao He chasing Han Xin under the moon has been circulated for thousands of years.
After the Song Dynasty, Guhantai became the back garden of Hanzhong government. Wangjiang Tower, the Tianhan Tower built in the Southern Song Dynasty, is located at the highest point of Guhantai, and has both northern and southern architectural styles. The State Council announced the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, "Stone Carvings on Cliffs at Shimen, Bao Xiedao". The oblique road is the longest and most convenient Shu road crossing the Qinling Mountains. Shimen is a tunnel dug during Yongping period in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is the earliest artificial mountain crossing traffic tunnel in the world. Scholars in the past dynasties carved 178 kinds of stone carvings in Shimen Tunnel and its north and south cliffs, among which the most famous one is the thirteen products of Shimen, which is known as the national treasure.
Thirteen products of Shimen refer to thirteen kinds of cliff stone carvings published between the Shimen tunnel of Gubao ramp and its north and south cliffs.
The Eastern Han Dynasty turned to the army to open the Baodao Cliff, which was originally located between the cliffs about one mile south of Shimen Cave. The stone is mica schist, the surface of the slate is uneven, and there is a gully in the middle. The calligraphy style is that there is a seal script in the middle, which is quite old. This calligraphy style is unique in China and is known as a national treasure.
The full name of "ode to Shimen" is "ode to Yang Junsong", which was built in the second year. It, together with Fugue and Xixia Fu, is called Han Fu, which is Jong Li's masterpiece and calligraphy treasure. It describes the history that Yang, a captain of the deceased, refuted public opinion and finally completed the oblique road, and also reflects the history of the intersection of four roads between Qinling Mountains in the Eastern Han Dynasty. These are not recorded in the history books. Therefore, it has extremely high historical document value. Ode to Shimen is an excellent official script, which represents the highest level of ancient official script. It is bold and simple, vigorous and elegant, and it is a masterpiece that calligraphers have been trying to copy for thousands of years. In Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zuyi commented that "in the past three hundred years, I don't know how many people have studied Han steles, but no one has studied Ode to Shimen, which is full of vigorous and unrestrained spirit. Timid people dare not learn, and cowardly people can't learn. "
Since then, there have been stone carvings in the Han Dynasty, such as Yang Huai, Yang Bi Biao Ji and Li Ting Dao Ji. Their style inherited "Ode to Shimen", but it developed.
It is said that The Jade Pot was written by Sean. It is located in Nanbao River in Shimen. It is shaped like a huge jade basin. "Floating jade basin" is one of the twenty-four scenic spots in Baogu in Qing Dynasty.
Rolling Learning was written by Wang Cao. Cao Cao has been to Hanzhong twice in his life. In the 20th year of Jian 'an (2 15), Cao Cao conquered Wudou Rice Road, but Zhang Lu won without fighting. The second time was in the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), when veteran Huang Zhong cut the summer. This stone carving was written when he came to Hanzhong for the second time. At that time, it was a book that praised the water splashing like rolling snow. The word is carved horizontally, with a height of 67㎝, a width of 148㎝ and a diameter of 35-46 ㎝. It is said that it was written by Cao Cao. The inscription "Wang Wei" with a diameter of 6.5㎝ is quite different from the word "Gao Xue". Although the cliff has gone through years, the handwriting is clear and the charm still exists.
Shimen Ming is a cliff stone carving carved on the east wall of Shimen, Baohe, Yongping, Northern Wei Dynasty. This is a famous stone carving in the Northern Wei Dynasty. This paper describes the history of praising ramp diversion during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Its value mainly lies in its artistic value of calligraphy.
"Completion of He Shan Dam" This cliff was originally located between the cliffs on the west side of dozens of rivers south of Shimen, Baohe River. The height is 226㎝, the upper edge width is 565,438+00 ㎝, and the lower edge width is 506㎝. The two sides of the cliff protrude about 65,438+05 ㎝, the two ends of the cliff face inward, and the middle part. The text is arranged vertically from right to left in 16 lines, with 9 words in each line and a word diameter of about 6 inches. *** 135 words, the full text is as follows: five years, the dam was completed, and the county satrap, Changping ambassador Fan and garrison commander recruited workers in February. Weir six, a total of 935 feet, channel 410 feet. Wood is counted by work, 724,900 odd, and work is counted by people, 159,800 odd. First, in the summer of four years, the flood was exhausted. In autumn, the messenger was instructed to be a servant, thinking that the loss of the people was four times as much as that of each year, so the official paid a lot of money to help the people. Cha Ling, Jia Sizu, Zhang are directors. This paper describes the history of He Shan dam being destroyed by floods and restored by officials and people in the Southern Song Dynasty. It was written by Mao Yan, the first official in the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is the representative work of the officials in the Song Dynasty.
Although there are only thirteen kinds of stone carvings on Cliff in Shimen, it reflects the evolution of Lishu from Guli-Han Li-Shu Wei-Song Li, which is irreplaceable by other stone carvings. Because of this, calligraphers of all ages cherish it and enjoy a high reputation abroad. Mr. Noguchi Yong, a famous Japanese calligrapher, said that "Shimen in Hanzhong is the teacher of Japan", among which "Dakai", "Ode to Shimen", "Yang Huai Biao Ji" and "Shimen Ming" are included in Japanese textbooks for primary and secondary school students.