First, go deep into the field, observe carefully and accumulate materials.
As the saying goes, "A clever woman can't cook without rice." To write a good article about scenery description, we must learn to observe at ordinary times and accumulate materials. In specific exercises, if you plan to write about a certain scenery, don't rely on imagination, but go deep into the field, observe carefully and accumulate writing materials. When guiding students to observe, we should infiltrate some common observation sequences into students:
(a), choose the right angle, fixed-point observation. Fixed-point observation is a way to observe things from a fixed position. Using this method, we should first choose the right observation point, choose the right perspective, limit the observed scene to a fixed time and space, aim at the target, and keep a certain order position, and then observe from this point. This fixed-point observation method of aiming directly at the picture is most suitable for describing the natural scenery or customs in a typical environment, just like the close-up of photography. Using the fixed-point description after fixed-point observation, we can describe the unique and distinctive scenery, giving readers an immersive feeling and leaving a deep impression. For example, in Bird's Paradise, the author Ba Jin described it like this: "Our boat is getting closer to the banyan tree, so I have a chance to see its true colors. It is really a big banyan tree with countless branches. The branches took root again, and many roots hung down to the ground and plunged into the soil. Some branches hang down to the water, and from a distance, they look like a big tree lying on the water. " "The banyan tree is in its heyday, and it seems to show us all its vitality. There are so many green leaves, one on top of the other, leaving no gaps. Green is shining in our eyes, as if there is a new life trembling on every leaf. Such a beautiful southern tree. " Based on the bow, the author focuses on the growth of the big banyan tree when the hull approaches, and observes the shape of the big banyan tree at a fixed point, and sees the true face of this strange big banyan tree, with countless branches, which shows that it is very dense; "The branches have taken root again ... hanging straight on the ground, going deep into the soil ... lying on the water." Observed the overall image of the big banyan tree; Observing the unique beauty of the big banyan tree, it is found that "so many green leaves" are not clearly distinguishable one by one, but "piled on another". This is the author fixed his observation eyes on the big banyan tree from beginning to end, and carefully observed the shape, color and position of the branches, leaves and roots of the banyan tree. Then, from the description of modeling, the vitality of banyan tree is vividly displayed.
(2) Action for change. When observing, the observation point is different, the observation angle is different, the situation you see is different, and the feelings you get are very different. As Su Shi, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem Xilin Wall Topic: "Looking from the side of the ridge, it is different from the distance." Therefore, when guiding students to observe, students should adopt the moving point observation method, that is, constantly moving the observation position and observing the performance of the same scene from different observation angles. Moving point observation has two meanings: first, the observation point should move continuously; The second is to move observation points in order. This observation method is suitable for observing the changing scenery. Because of the author's in-depth and meticulous observation of the scenery, he clearly understands the different forms and colors of the scenery in all aspects, so he can describe it with ease and have something to say, which can not only describe the shape of the scenery, but also show the appearance of the scenery, so that the scenery can be clearly presented to the readers. When you come to a scenic spot you like, you'd better look at the panorama first, get a preliminary impression of the whole, and then walk forward with brisk steps, so that the scenery in your eyes will change with your footsteps. This is the "scene change" method. For example, in the lesson of Summer Palace, the author describes the scenery in the garden from different observation points: standing at the gate of the park, at the foot of Wanshou Mountain, on Wanshou Mountain, or by the lake of Kunming, depicting a colorful picture. The Summer Palace has a vast territory, so it is impossible for the author to see the scenery at a glance. Only by moving and changing the observation points can he describe the landscape in detail.
(3) Grasp the characteristics of the described object for observation. Although every scene is inseparable from mountains, water, flowers, trees, insects, fish, birds and animals ... but every scene has its own different characteristics, that is, the same scene, because the seasons are different, the characteristics are different. If you can't grasp the characteristics when observing, the articles written will be the same and won't infect readers. Therefore, whether you write about the beauty of spring flowers, the quiet beauty of autumn leaves, the grandeur of rivers and seas, or the flowing water of rivers, you should observe them carefully, grasp their characteristics, understand the whole picture of the scenery, and write around a center. For example, in the small garden of the school, the fragrance of flowers is accompanied by the sound of reading, which is characterized by quietness and beauty; There are horizontal bars, parallel bars and basketball courts on the playground. Students are exercising, which is characterized by excitement. In addition, some scenes have to be compared and observed at the same time to find the difference of this thing. For example, observing leaves, if you only stare at one kind of leaves and don't make a comparison, you will think that green is its biggest feature, but by comparison, you will find that pine leaves are like needles, willow leaves are like eyebrows, and maple leaves are like duck feet, which is their real feature.
Second, realize "love in the scenery".
The so-called "feelings in the landscape" is to pin your feelings on the description of the landscape. A landscape without emotion is just a pale "body" without vitality. When describing a scene, we should not only write the beauty of the scene, but also write our own true feelings, so that the characteristics of the scene can naturally blend with our feelings. The article written in this way can be full of emotion, scenery and scenes, giving people a strong appeal. For example, in the lesson "Shan Yu", the author described it like this: "In the sun, there are so many color levels of mountains that it is almost illegible, including dark green, emerald green, light blue, golden yellow, and red like fire. In the rain, all the colors melt in the dripping green, dazzling and transparent. This fresh green is flowing in the rain and fog, into my eyes and into my heart. " This passage describes the most attractive color of the forest in the rain-"green", and the use of two "streams" embodies two levels: this "green" is not only seen by the eyes, but also felt by the heart, highlighting the unforgettable beauty of "green" in the rain. The author expresses his love for Shan Yu by describing Shan Yu's color beauty.
Third, it is necessary to combine dynamic and static to form a perfect whole.
Static description, drawing the shape, connotation, color and charm of the scene; Dynamic description, we should describe the movements, sounds and expressions of things in detail to achieve vivid, vivid and vivid effects. When writing scenery, we should organically combine static description with dynamic description, so that the scenery has both static beauty and dynamic beauty, which can deeply infect readers. For example, the lesson "First Snow" is written like this: "It snowed heavily all night. In the morning, it cleared up and the sun came out. Push open the door and look, wow! What a heavy snow! Mountains, rivers, trees and houses are all covered with a thick layer of snow, making a world of powder and jade. On the willow tree with all the leaves, it is covered with fluffy and shiny silver bars; Pine and cypress trees commonly used in winter and summer are full of fluffy and heavy snowballs. A gust of wind blew, the branches swayed gently, silver bars and snowballs fell rustling, and the snow like jade fluttered with the wind, reflecting the morning sunshine and presenting a colorful rainbow. " The author of this clip vividly wrote the beautiful scenery after snow by combining static and dynamic methods. When guiding students to write, we require students to have both static and dynamic descriptions, so as to combine static and dynamic to form a perfect whole.
Fourth, expand association in combination with reality.
Expanding imagination is a magical "freshness agent". Most of the scenery is still, and if it is only depicted, it will appear dry and empty; If you sprinkle them with imaginary "freshness agent", the scenery will immediately show the vitality of life. For example, in the lesson "Visiting friends in the mountains", the author described it like this: "I * am in the tree mountain, quietly, as if I were a tree. Roots that grow under my feet go deep into the soil and rocks; The hair grows into a crown, the arm becomes a branch, and the blood becomes the sap of the tree, rotating and flowing in the annual rings. " This is the association of the author walking into the Woods and leaning against a tree. Trees are friends, and people and trees have been integrated. What a wonderful state this is! From these associations, we can really feel the kind of "bosom friend" affection between the author and the tree, and enter the realm of harmony between man and nature. Another example: when writing, when you write "Lotus leaves are swaying in the wind", you immediately think of "dancing like a beautiful girl." Writing lotus leaves in this way brings readers closer. When you see bundles of rice, imagine them as girls with braids ... this gives life to the scenery, compares the scenery to vivid characters, and makes the article more vivid. In addition to metaphor, you can also use rhetorical devices such as personification, exaggeration and parallelism. The proper use of rhetorical devices can make the description of scenery more detailed, vivid and fascinating, and give people beautiful enjoyment.
Fifth, the narrative is orderly and clear.
When writing a composition, you should pay attention to writing in a certain order, according to your needs, or in chronological order, or according to spatial order. In this way, the context of the article will be clear, the theme will be prominent, and it will not be chaotic. At the same time, to write a good landscape, we must have a rich vocabulary. Without rich vocabulary, no matter how beautiful the scenery is, we cannot describe it! So we should pay attention to guiding students to accumulate good words and sentences.
In short, as long as you are good at observing things around you, combining things to develop a reasonable imagination and produce real feelings, you can write a good composition. Moreover, with the passage of time, students' methods and abilities to observe and understand things will continue to improve, innovative thinking will be cultivated, and the level of composition will continue to improve.