In the first year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (AD 627), ten drum-shaped stones were originally unearthed in Tianxing (Chencang), Fengxiang Prefecture, Shaanxi Province. This is the famous stone drum that has never been seen before. Stone drums are engraved with four-character poems written in calligraphy (big seal script), with ten sentences as a group. When it was discovered, it was incomplete, and the content was different from the stone age. Zhou Xuanwang Taishi Biography once reconstructed and arranged bronze inscriptions and wrote 15 pieces of Dazhuan, so Dazhuan was called "Wen Shu", commonly known as "Kewendu". Shi Guwen is a well-preserved relic of calligraphy, and a large number of characters have been handed down to later generations. Shi Guwen is also known as the Hunting Group or Stone Carving in Yongyi. Zhang Huaiquan, a native of the Tang Dynasty, thought it was made, and Song of the Stone Drum by Wei and Han Yu thought it was a stone carving of the period. Wei wrote in "Shigu Song":
Han Yu wrote in Shi Guwen:
In Song Dynasty, Dong Shi and Cheng Dachang believed that it was written by Zhou Chengwang. There are three doubts in Ouyang Xiu's poem "Postscript to the Stone Drum", but it is not believed that it was written by Ishikawa during Zhou Xuanwan's reign. He saw only 485 words, and later generations saw even less. Zheng Qiao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, believed that Shigu was a product of the pre-Qin era and was written after King Huiwen of Qin and before Qin Shihuang. Ma Dingguo, a native of A Jin, thought it was a product of the Northern Dynasties and described the life of the nobles stationed in the country at that time. Modern Luo Zhenyu's Textual Research on Shi Guwen and Ma Xulun's Notes on Shi Guwen are regarded as the products of Qin Wengong, which are not much different from Wei and Han Yu. From 765 BC to 76 BC1year, a difference of 17 years from the Zhou Wang period. Ma Heng thinks it was carved by Qin Mugong, that is, from 657 BC to 62 BC1year. Guo Moruo asserted in the article "Study on Shi Guwen" that Shi Guwen was carved in the eighth year of Qin Xianggong, that is, in 70 BC, and stood in the Three Ugly Courtyards. Closer to Zhou Xuanwang, it was written by Shi Brush when he was king, or it was a great work when he was called Qin Dynasty. After fifteen years of Qianlong, please order ten pieces of stone drums of Mole, which are the same as the original ones, and set Biyong. Now they are in Yonghe Palace and imperial academy for printing. So there are two kinds of Shi Guwen rubbings: old and new. Shi Guwen rubbings existed in the Tang Dynasty, but they didn't stay. During the Republic of China, the rubbings collected by Song Anguo were sold by Qin to He Jingquan Lushi in Tokyo. There are three kinds of early rubbings circulating in society: Pioneer, Zhongquan and Hou Li. There are 422 words in the rubbings of the Northern Song Dynasty in Tianyi Pavilion, which is the highest in China.
The stone drum is the first antique in China, and it's also the first rule for teachers. It has high cultural and historical value and art collection value. There are ten stone drums * * *, each 2 feet high and over 1 foot in diameter. The image is like a drum, thin on the top and thick on the bottom, with a slightly round top. The light is strong, so it is called "hunting". Ten poems are carved in the sketch, with more words. Kang Youwei called it "like Jintian Committee, Cao Zhi is a group of clouds, don't disturb me, it has its own colors." Its calligraphy is the writing in the transitional period from Da Zhuan to Xiao Zhuan. "Wu Dacheng and Wu Changshuo's ci originated from this.
In the first year of Zhenguan, ten stone drums were unearthed in Sanchou, Baoji, Shaanxi. At that time, Zhu Qingyu, the magistrate of Fengxiang Prefecture, moved to Fengxiang Confucius Temple for preservation. Stone drums were first collected by the government. It was discovered by chance that the ten-sided drum was huge, one foot in diameter, square in shape, small on the top and large on the bottom, with a slight bulge in the middle. Surprisingly, words can be engraved on drums. No one can understand them without exception. The number of words engraved on each drum is different, and the words on each drum are two inches square, which has a unique style, unlike the bronze inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the seal script in the Qin Dynasty. Experts in epigraphy said that Shi Guwen belonged to the big seal script, and Qin Shihuang unified the China script as the small seal script. These characters have been used for more than 2,700 years, showing an unknown history before the Qin Dynasty unified China. After 90 years, Shigu entered Fengxiang Confucian Temple. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in history was formed by the division of local political power in the Tang Dynasty. In the war, the stone drums were scattered among the people, and the fascinating stone drums disappeared. I was full of infinite reverie about the stone drum before I saw Wei and Han Yu's Song of the Stone Drum.
In 960, Zhao Kuangyin established the Dasong Dynasty. When reading poetry, I read the Song of the Stone Drum by Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, which aroused his interest and issued an imperial edict, determined to find the lost stone drum in the previous dynasty. Sima Chi, an official in the Northern Song Dynasty, walked for several years and finally found nine stone drums in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, instead of ten, but the whereabouts of the "Zhayuan Drum" collected in the Tang Dynasty were unknown. Therefore, Song Renzong issued a reward for searching. In the Northern Song Dynasty, an engraver discovered the rubbings of "Zhayuan Drum" when he was studying with Taishi Shi Guwen, and found the source of Taishi rubbings. It turned out that this stone drum was collected after the Taishi dispersed, and the rubbings came from there, so he asked his friends to inquire about the whereabouts of the Taishi. Finally, I learned that a Guan lived far away in Guanzhong, so I immediately prepared my horse and went straight to Guanzhong. After experiencing Taishi Village, but Taishi's family died of the plague six months ago, the government burned all the property of Taishi's family in order to prevent the spread of the plague. Then he lived near this house and kept looking. The family staying with the preacher is a butcher. When he got up the next day, he heard the butcher sharpening his knife. He was shocked when he saw the grindstone in the backyard. It turned out that the grindstone was the "original drum" that he missed so much. The "Chu Yuan Drum" with a grindstone is beyond recognition. It was cut into stone mortar by villagers and used to pound rice. There are only four words left in this poem. Finally, Fengxianglou received a letter to the missionary, so the missionary and "Chu Yuan Drum" were received by Fengxianglou and sent to the court. I asked the teacher for a stone drum, and was rewarded by the court and got a set of stone drum rubbings. At this time, it was four years in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1052). It has been 238 years since the stone drum was lost in 8 14. After Chu Yuan Drum was sent to the imperial court, Song Huizong was a famous painting and calligraphy emperor and Jin Shizhen. After copying Shi Guwen, he did a good thing for Shigu, that is, in the second year of Daguan (A.D. 1 108), Shi Guwen was filled with gold, which prevented the royalty from copying, reduced the artificial wear and natural weathering of Shigu, and played a protective role.
In 1 125, Jin Bing entered Bianjing. On the "edge of Jingkang", Hui and Qin were captured by Jin Bing, escorted to the northern desert and imprisoned, and the stone drums were transported to Yanjing. It is conceivable that the resplendent stone drum decorated by Hui and Qin was definitely regarded as a treasure by Jin people and transported to Yanjing all the way, but Jin people didn't know the value of the stone drum, just picked up the gold and the stone drum was discarded naked.
The man who discovered and rediscovered these stone drums was Professor Yu Ji from imperial academy. He discovered the stone drum after 1300. It has been 200 years since the stone drum was lost in the Song Dynasty and rediscovered, and it is deeply mired in the quagmire. Yusuke sent someone to dig up ten stone drums and put them in the courtyard of imperial academy. At this time, the stone drum was already scarred. The scar recorded the extraordinary course and fate of the stone drum, and found a home after several ups and downs. The stone drums preserved in imperial academy are kept by the Beijing Municipal Government. Due to the lack of economic and technological strength, the Beijing Municipal Government proposed to keep it in the Palace Museum. Ma Heng, director of the Palace Museum, accepted the invitation with pleasure. After the "September 18th Incident", for the safety of stone drums, 10 stone drums were transported to Shanghai with the fourth batch of cultural relics and kept at the bottom of the warehouse of Renji Hospital in Catholic Church Street, Shanghai. Three years later, the Nanjing branch of the Palace Museum was established, and Shigu moved to Nanjing, where Shigu found a temporary residence. After being locked up in Nanjing for one year, the "July 7 Incident" occurred, Nanjing was in a hurry, and Shigu moved to Emei. On the way to the relocation, the car arrived at Gaokanzi, 24 kilometers away from Youyang County, Hunan Province. The car hurried and turned into a deep valley. When the escort Na Zhiliang folded the box for inspection, the stone drum was safe and sound. These records are detailed in Na Zhiliang's seventy years of guarding the national treasures of the Forbidden City. The words of the stone drum are engraved on the skin of the stone drum. When packaging, the skin of the stone drum was separated from the stone drum body with a bang. If the skin of the stone drum falls off and only the stone core remains, the value of the stone drum will be gone. Korean paper is embedded in the word slot when delivery is made. When it is dry, the words on the skin of the stone drum stick tightly to the stone body. After processing, each stone drum is wrapped with two layers of quilts, which are tied with hemp rope. The bound stone drums are placed in the original wooden box, surrounded by straw, and iron sheets are tied outside the box to ensure the safety of the stone drums. After suffering, Shigu finally returned to Nanjing. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Shigu returned to the north and returned to Beijing smoothly. After more than ten years from east to south and west to north, the stone drum finally returned to the Palace Museum in Beijing and was exhibited at 1956, which made people see the national treasure of the glorious history of the Chinese nation.
Written on February 24, 2009