2. Ritual and the essence of music culture
"Rite" has several meanings in ritual and music civilization. First, "courtesy" is the foundation of human nature. "Book of Rites Quli" says: "Parrots can talk and stay with birds; Orangutans can talk and stay with animals. People nowadays are very rude. Although they can talk, are they not as good as an animal's heart? ..... is a saint, in order to educate people, make people polite, and know themselves from animals. Secondly, the important role of "ceremony" lies in regulating people's position and relationship in society. Third, "courtesy" is also a moral norm, which guides people to be kind and self-disciplined. Confucius said: "If politics is the way, it will be punished in unison, and the people will avoid it, and they are shameless; Tao is virtue, courtesy, shame and dignity. "(The Analects of Confucius Governing Politics) Therefore, the etiquette and music civilization emphasizes internalizing social rules into people's inner standards through ethics. Fourth, knowing and keeping the ceremony can achieve the realm of social harmony. "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said: the use of ceremony, and harmony is more expensive. Wang Zhidao comes first, and Sri Lanka is beautiful. It doesn't work to see the big things in a small way. You should know how to be harmonious and don't be polite. " It not only emphasizes the desire of "harmony is precious", but also points out that "harmony" cannot be achieved simply for the sake of harmony, nor can it be unprincipled. This principle is propriety. It is the most beautiful state to achieve harmony while observing social order.
The essence of "music" in the ritual and music civilization also has several endings. First, the social function of "music" focuses on the spirit of harmony. The Book of Rites says: "Therefore, a musician can judge a thing with harmony, compare things with ornaments, and combine rhythm with writing, so he can be close to his father, son, monarch and minister, and attach himself to the relatives of all the people." This is the first way to make fun of Wang Li. " "Therefore, the musician, the fate of heaven and earth, the rule of neutralization, human feelings can not be avoided." It is pointed out that "music" is a discipline that coordinates everything in the world, and its function is to make people live in harmony. Second, "music" pays attention to order and coordination. Yue Ji says: "Palace is king, business is minister, horn is people, feather is things. If there is no chaos, there will be no embarrassment. " It uses five-tone metaphor to describe all kinds of characters, indicating that in order to play harmonious music, it is necessary to be orderly and coordinated. Third, "music" also has the function of cultivating sentiment and changing customs. Yue Ji said, "If you treat your mind with joy, you will feel the need for forgiveness." . Yi Naoko is happy to forgive, happy to be happy, and peaceful for a long time. "The Book of Filial Piety also said:" Changing customs is not good at fun. "In other words, music education can cultivate the mind, make people happy and peaceful, and prolong life. So Confucius asked people to listen to elegant music and stay away from obscene voices. " Music, the sum of heaven and earth. Rites, the order of heaven and earth. "("Book of Rites and Music ") Order and harmony are the main melody melody melody of ritual and music civilization. Hanfu culture Hanfu culture is the total culture reflecting the Confucian etiquette system, which runs through the Confucian book history system from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty: Book of Rites, Book of Later Han Dynasty, Book of Jin, Book of Rites, Book of Nanqi, Book of Rites, Book of Rites, Book of Wei, Book of Rites, Volume 4, Book of Rites, Book of Rites At present, Hanfu culture is gradually reviving through Hanfu Movement, a folk cultural movement. Hanfu, as a daily life costume in traditional society, is reflected in all aspects of traditional society, so there are shadows of Hanfu culture everywhere in traditional society, such as the following aspects:
First, the production process of Hanfu pays attention to culture
Second, Hanfu accessories culture
Thirdly, Hanfu culture in literary works.
Fourth, Hanfu culture in sculpture art
Fifth, the embodiment of Hanfu culture in painting art
Sixth, Hanfu culture in traditional etiquette.
Seventh, Hanfu culture in Quyi.
…………
etc
In a word, Hanfu culture is everywhere in traditional society. The relationship between them is that Hanfu culture is the external expression and carrier of etiquette culture, and etiquette culture is the internal and sublimation of Hanfu culture. Hanfu culture and etiquette culture, you have me and I have you * * * isomorphic, forming a Chinese cultural system. Agricultural culture: farmers, peasant uprising, hoes.
Palace culture, royal studies. Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, Xunzi; Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith; Mean value)
Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi; Morality, inaction, freedom)
Mohist school (Mozi, Mozi, universal love)
Legalists (Han Fei, Li Si, Han Feizi)
Famous artists (Deng, Hui Shi, Gongsun Longzi)
Yin and Yang Family (Zou Yan, Wuxing, Jinmushui, Fire and Earth)
Strategists (Guiguzi, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Warring States Policy)
Sage (Lv Buwei) (Lv Chunqiu)
Agricultural family
novelist
Military strategist
Dr Qin: flute, erhu, guzheng, flute, drum, guqin and pipa. Molly.
Ten famous songs: Mountain Flowing Water, Guangling San, Wild Goose in Pingsha, Three Alleys of Plum Blossoms, House of Flying Daggers, Flute and Drum at Sunset, Eighteen Beats of Hu Family, Autumn Moon in Han Palace, Chun Xue and The Fisherman's Question and Answer.
Chess: China Chess, China Go, chess, chess pieces, chessboards, etc.
Books (calligraphy, seal cutting): China's calligraphy, seal cutting, Four Treasures of the Study (pen, ink, inkstone, rice paper), woodcut watermark, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen, Han bamboo slips, vertical binding books, Chinese characters, etc.
Painting (painting): Chinese painting (landscape painting, flower-and-bird painting, figure painting, freehand painting, etc. ), modern Chinese painting (China abstract oil painting, China abstract Chinese painting, etc. ), other (interior painting), etc. Dunhuang murals; Eight horse diagrams, Tai Chi diagrams (Tai Chi), etc.
Zodiac: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig.
Traditional literature: ancient myths, the Book of Songs, Han Yuefu, folk songs of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chu Ci, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, Tang poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu, Ming novels and four classical novels.
Traditional thoughts: Laozi, Zhuangzi and Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, Qi Jiguang's thought of training troops, etc.
Traditional festivals: Lantern Festival, Cold Food Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival (Zongzi, Dragon Boat Race, Qu Yuan), Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Laba Festival (New Year's Eve, red envelopes, reunion dinner), New Year's Eve, Spring Festival (January Festival) and so on.
China's plays: Kunqu Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Peking Opera, Shadow Play, Yue Opera, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Peking Opera Mask, Kunqu Opera, Local Opera, etc.
China architecture: the Great Wall, archways, gardens, temples, clocks, towers, temples, pavilions, wells, stone lions, houses, Qin bricks, Han tiles, terracotta warriors and horses, etc.
Chinese characters: Chinese characters, couplets, riddles (riddles), two-part allegorical sayings, idioms, echoes, wine orders, etc.
Traditional Chinese Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huangdi Neijing, Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Pulse Meridian, Compendium of Materia Medica, Qianjinfang, etc.
Religious philosophy: Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, yin and yang, five elements, compass, gossip, Sina, magic weapon, fortune telling and Zen; Burn incense, worship Buddha, light candles, etc.
Folk arts and crafts: paper-cutting, kites, Chinese embroidery, etc. ), Chinese knots, clay figurines, dragon and phoenix patterns (gluttonous patterns, ruyi patterns, thunder patterns, palindromes, Ba patterns), auspicious clouds patterns, Chengcheng, Melaleuca, eaves, vultures, etc.
China Wushu: Nanquan: Wing Chun, Hong Quan, Baguazhang, Cai Lifo Quan, etc. Beitui, Shaolin, Wudang, Emei, Kongtong, Kunlun, Diancangshan, Huashan, Qingcheng and Songshan.
Regional culture: Middle-earth culture, Jiangnan culture, Jiangnan water town, Saibei Lingnan, desert customs, Mongolian grassland, the ends of the earth, the Central Plains and so on.
Folk customs: etiquette, marriage (matchmaker, elder), funeral (mourning, paper money), sacrifice (ancestor); Door gods, New Year pictures, firecrackers, jiaozi, etc.
Clothing: Hanfu (Han nationality), Tang suit (collar robe of Han nationality), miao clothing (Miao nationality), Uygur suit (Uygur nationality), embroidered shoes, old tiger's head shoes, fake Tang suit (Manchu mandarin jacket), cheongsam (Manchu), Chinese-style chest covering (Manchu), hat, crown, queen rockhopper and silk. China traditional dress Hanfu, etc.
Four major operas: flowers, birds, insects, fish, peony, plum blossom, osmanthus flower, lotus birdcage, bonsai carp and so on.
Four great inventions: gunpowder, compass, papermaking and movable type printing.
Animals and plants: flowers, birds, insects, fish, peony, plum blossom, osmanthus, lotus, birdcage, bonsai, carp; Dragon, phoenix, wolf, unicorn, tiger, leopard, crane, turtle, giant panda ...; Plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. Pine, cypress, etc.
Paraphernalia: jade (Yu Pei, jade carving ...) porcelain, cloisonne, China lacquerware, painted pottery, teapot, batik, ancient weapons (armor, broadsword, sword, etc. ), bronzes, antiques (copper coins, etc. ), Ding, Jin Yuanbao, Ruyi, candlestick, red lantern (palace lantern, gauze lantern), rickshaw, etc.
Cooking: seven things to do when going out: firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea; Wine and tea ceremony; Eating culture, Chinese food, eight cuisines (Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and Huizhou), jiaozi, reunion dinner, New Year's Eve dinner, rice cakes, Mid-Autumn moon cakes and chopsticks; Shark's fin, bear's paw, etc
Tool skills: abacus, textile processing, etc.
Art culture: folk music, folk art, Sanxingdui culture, etc.
Traditional virtues: filial piety to parents, three friends at the age of cold, honesty and trustworthiness, respect for teachers and respect for education.
China cultural relics: Simuwu Fang Ding, Betty Wong Goujian Sword, Liangzhu Meiyu, Changxin Palace Lantern, Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Emperor's Mausoleum, bells chimed by Zeng Houyi, jade clothes, bronze galloping horses (flying horses), Yongle Bell, ancient coins, Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, etc.
China architecture: Forbidden City, Summer Palace, Potala Palace, Pingyao Ancient City, Qiao Family Courtyard, Suzhou Garden, Hangzhou Garden, Shili Pavilion, Great Wall, Temple of Heaven, Bird's Nest, Water Cube, etc.
Love concept: supported by marriage and linked by family. The husband advocates women's obedience and family harmony. The ideal love is like bridge love, which advocates childhood friends, growing old together, never leaving, and yearning for free love.
Love: fraternity, kindness, kindness, etc.