Nanyang is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province. It was called Wan in ancient times and is also known as the Jade City and the Medicine City. Nanyang is named because it is located to the south of Funiu Mountain and north of Han River. It is a national historical and cultural city, the birthplace of Chu-Han culture, and the core water source and canal head of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project. Nanyang's reserves of trona, blue asbestos, etc. rank among the highest in the country. It has been awarded titles such as China's Excellent Tourism City, China's Home of Roses, and Home of Folk Art.
At the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, Yu made Dengzhou in present-day Nanyang his capital. See Tang Duyou's "Tongdian": "Deng was the capital of Yu". Yao once fought at Danshui Pu to subdue the southern barbarians, and Emperor Shun's son once granted the title of Nanyang.
During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there were vassal states such as Shen, Deng, and Xie in Nanyang.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Nanyang belonged to Jingzhou. Because it was in the south of the Zhou Dynasty, it was called "Zhou Tu" by the Zhou people. The emperor of the Zhou Dynasty attached great importance to this rich land, and once enfeoffed the vassal states of Shen, Lu, Xie, Li, Liao, Zeng, Fu, and Xu.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu established Wanyi, a territory belonging to the Chu State, called Wan. The Chu State established its capital in Danyang (Xichuan County). The metallurgical industry was developed and it became a famous iron smelting center in the country.
In the late Warring States period, it was occupied by Qin. In the thirty-fifth year of King Zhao of Qin (272 BC), Nanyang County was initially established.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Nanyang had become one of the eight largest cities in the country. Ironware had begun to be used, and there were handicrafts and commerce such as iron smelting and silk. In particular, the copper casting industry developed rapidly and had a high level of craftsmanship.
After the Qin Dynasty unified the six kingdoms, it "moved unruly people to Nanyang", which brought the rich people of the six countries and businessmen and craftsmen who were good at business to gather in Nanyang, which promoted the development of Nanyang's economy, especially the development of the iron smelting industry. , becoming the national iron smelting center.
Nanyang, a famous historical and cultural city in China
Nanyang County was still located in the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasties. Its jurisdiction was equivalent to the south of Xiong'er Mountain in Henan and the north of Dahu Mountain in Hubei. The economic and cultural development of Nanyang Reached its heyday in history. In the Western Han Dynasty, Nanyang Water Conservancy was as famous as Zhengguo Canal in Guanzhong and Dujiangyan in Chengdu, and was also known as the three major irrigation areas in the country. It is one of the 9 regions in the country where workers' officers are established and the 46 regions where railway officers are established.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu raised troops in Nanyang and achieved imperial success. Nanyang was called the "Emperor Township". Zhuge Liang worked hard at Wollongong in Nanyang, and Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times. Zhuge Liang proposed the plan of "three parts of the world". The prefect Du Shi repaired the slope ponds and expanded the fields. The county could irrigate 40,000 hectares of farmland. At this time, the iron smelting water was discharged and the water-powered blower was used to blow the iron, which greatly improved the iron smelting efficiency. In particular, the use of ductile iron improved the iron smelting process. level, the use of this technology preceded Europe by more than 1,000 years. At that time, Nanyang County had a population of 2.4 million, the highest among all counties in the country. The county has a circumference of 36 kilometers, which is larger than the urban area in 1990. In the Han Dynasty, Nanyang was full of talented people, as bright as stars. Not only were most of Liu Xiu's 28 founding fathers from Nanyang, but also world-famous great scientists and medical scientists like Zhang Heng and Zhang Zhongjing emerged. It was popular to bury rich dignitaries after their deaths in the Han Dynasty. Numerous portrait stones and portrait bricks were unearthed in Nanyang, which is a "history of the Han Dynasty with embroidered portraits".
Three Kingdoms Period: Nanyang was owned by the State of Wei and subordinate to Jingzhou.
Jin Dynasty: Nanyang was once the Kingdom of Nanyang, with jurisdiction over fourteen counties and the capital Wan.
Sui Dynasty: (607) The county was first changed to a state, and then the state was changed to a county. Today, Nanyang City governs Nanyang County, Juiyang County, Xiyang County, and Huai'an County (including Pingshi, Tongshi, and Tongshi). Bai Er County), Huaiyuan County in Yiyang County, Huyang County in Choling County, etc. are all in today's Nanyang City.
In the Tang Dynasty, the world was divided into ten roads, and Nanyang was under the jurisdiction of Shannan Road. From Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong, Nanyang successively established Chunzhou, Lizhou, Xizhou, Beilizhou, Wanzhou, Juzhou, Xianzhou, Huzhou, Xinzhou, Luzhou and Xianzhou. In the first year of Xuanzong's Tianbao reign (742), the prefectures were changed into counties. Dengzhou was called Nanyang County and Tangzhou was called Huai'an County. In the first year of Qianyuan of Suzong (758), the counties were renamed as prefectures, and the counties were merged. Today, Nanyang City has Bizhou Huai'an County and Dengzhou Nanyang County. After the rule of Zhenguan and Kaiyuan, Nanyang's agriculture flourished and its industry and commerce prospered. Li Bai said in "A Trip to the Southern Capital": "The clear songs contain the flowing clouds, and there is leisure for dancing. I invite you to visit Shengwanluo, and the crowns and crowns are returned with the wind.
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Song Dynasty: Nanyang was under the jurisdiction of the Southwest Road to Beijing. Nanyang was called Wu Shengjun. There were two prefectures, Tang and Deng, with counties under the prefecture. Deng Prefecture governed five counties: Rang, Nanyang, Neixiang, Xichuan, and Shunyang. Tang Prefecture It has jurisdiction over Biyang, Huyang, Tongbai, Fangcheng and other counties.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the original Nanyang County was changed to Nanyang Prefecture, and it was under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province in Jiangbei, Henan. Within the city; Nanyang Prefecture controls Zhenping and Nanyang counties; Dengzhou controls Neixiang, Shunyang, Xichuan, Xinye, and Luanchuan counties; Tangzhou controls Biyang, Huyang, Tongbai, Fangcheng and other counties. The two prefectures govern Linru, Yichuan, Jiaxian, Baofeng, Lushan, Yexian, Wuyang, Lushi, Luanchuan and other counties. During the Ming Dynasty, Xichuan and Shunyang were merged into Neixiang. In the early years of the dynasty, Nanyang was the fiefdom of Zhu Yuan, the 23rd son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the king of Tang Dynasty. During the Yongle period, a large-scale Tang palace was built in Nanyang City. During the Chenghua period, nine more county and prince palaces were built. Nanyang City was filled with royal relatives and nobles, and there was a lot of traffic. Business became active as a result, with merchants from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hubei arriving in droves. Various business clubs and mansions sprang up in various places, selling food, cotton, raw silk, tobacco, silk and satin, oil, fur, wood, medicinal materials, etc. Bronze, ironware, etc. flooded into the market and were sold all over the country. At that time, Nanyang was prosperous in all industries, and there were new developments in architecture, gardening, painting, sculpture, calligraphy, etc.
During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. , the construction industry is particularly developed, and ancient buildings such as Wuhou and Shanshan Guild Hall are majestic and magnificent. Nanyang is an important transportation route from Beijing to Huguang and Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. The land post road is connected with the waterway wharf, and there are "Southern Ships and North Horses" With the gathering of businessmen from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Nanyang became the economic center of southwestern Henan. In the 10th year of Guangxu's reign, Zhenping began to produce silk, which was exported to Europe and Southeast Asia.
During the Republic of China: Henan had eleven administrative districts, and Nanyang was the sixth administrative district, with jurisdiction over thirteen counties: Nanyang County, Nanzhao, Tanghe, Zhenping, Fangcheng, Dengxian, Neixiang, Tongbai, Xinye, Xichuan, Biyang, Ye County and Wuyang County
After the founding of the Republic of China in 1949, the Nanyang Administrative Office separated out Xixia and Nanyang cities. , still governs thirteen counties and cities, namely Nanyang City, Nanzhao, Fangcheng, Biyang, Tanghe, Xinye, Tongbai, Zhenping, Xichuan, Deng County, Neixiang, Xixia, and Nanyang County.