(1) "Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Two Years": "Jin Linggong is not a gentleman, thick and engraved with the wall." Du Pre-note: "The sculptor paints."
(2) "Xunzi Sketch": "The emperor carves a bow, the vassal uses a bow, and the doctor uses a black bow, which is also a ceremony." Yang Xu's Note: "Carving, that is, carving and painting are cultural ornaments." "Bug" can pass "pass". 2 "Guang Yun": Tong, only winter cut, flat voice, winter rhyme, joint mouth, first class; Worm, straight bow, flat voice, eastern rhyme, silent, third class. The two words belong to the same "Tong" photo, and the vowels are very close. In terms of initials, "Tong" is the fixed button, and the tongue sound is full of turbidity; "Insect" is a clear button with a sound on the tongue and full of turbidity. According to the law of "no tongue sounds in ancient times", Cheng Niu and Niu Ding were synchronized in ancient times, and the phonology of the two words was very similar in ancient times. Tang Zuofan's Manual of Ancient Sounds: "Insect, Winter Rhyme, Fixed Button and Flat Tone; Children, winter rhyme, fixed button, flat voice. " The homophones of the two words are exactly the same and can be used universally. Shuowen: "Tong, Dan ornaments also." Jade piece: "Tong, beauty." Guangyun: "Tong, Chi also. Stan also. " Why does "tong" mean "carving"? Because ancient decorative objects are nothing more than paintings and sculptures. Therefore, "Tong" is used to represent Dan ornaments, and "carving" means carving. "Tong" and "Lou" often go hand in hand, and the meaning of "carving" of "Lou" gradually affects and penetrates into "Tong", so "Tong" also has the meaning of "carving", which is called "Lei Yan" in exegesis, and its evolution process is as follows: "Tong" is an adjective, which means red. Confucian classics
(3) Book Gu Ming: "Taibao, Taishi and Taizong are all dressed." Kong Shu: "Tong, Chi also."
(4) "Poetry, Quiet Woman": "Quiet woman is beautiful, I am the master." Jian Zheng: "Tong Guan, the pen is red." Guangya Shuzheng Interpreter: "Tong, Hong Ye." Wang Niansun said: "All the classics say that Tong Gong, Tong Ya, Tong Guan and Tong Ji belong to Shang Tong. The scorpion's words are also harmonious and the red color is bright. " Later, it can also be used as a verb to express Dan ornaments.
(5) Zuo Zhuan's Mourning the Year of A.D.: "In the past, there was no food in the house, the house was not heavy, the room was not dedicated to the altar, and the utensils were not beautiful." Du pre-note: "Tong, Dan also. Hey, carve it. "
(6) The Theory of Salt and Iron: "Since then, Shu Ren has made pottery with bamboo willows, and only Hu Lian has made beans, and then carved the text to paint. Today, I want to press "Reading Words and Sentences" by Wang Yun: "The case is a matter of decoration. And Tong Gong and Mao Chuan called Zhu Gong; Tong Guan and Jian Zheng call it a red tube, but it is also turbid. Zuo's words, on the other hand, are the opposite, obviously a decoration rather than pure red. "Wang Yun said is right. Tong should be an example of literary decoration, and Wang Junju's Zuo Zhuan is an example. Guoyu, Du Yu and Zhao Wei are widely used as annotations. national language
(7) "On Mandarin and Chu Language": "I don't know the beauty of civil engineering." Zhao Wei's note: "Tong is the shadow of Dan, and the words are engraved instantly."
(8) "Mandarin Zhou Yu Xia": "No tools, save." Zhao Wei's Note: "Children," During the Qin and Han Dynasties, "children" was often confused with "insects", so "children's building" was called "insect building". "Insect" teaches "carving".
(9) "Li Rongyu under the New Book": "The husband's palace is not worshipful, and the utensils are worm-free, and frugal." The writing of "insect" in Sikuquanshu is also "carving", which is circumstantial evidence that people at that time changed it because they didn't understand the ancient meaning, and can be used as "carving" of "insect". the Spring and Autumn Period
(10) Biography of Prince Liao Wang of wuyue in the Spring and Autumn Period: "I don't know the sublimity of civil engineering, the depiction of insects, the clear sound of stones and the sadness of silk and bamboo, which is beautiful."
(1 1) "The Book of Huainanzi": "Zhong Ding is big, beautiful and heavy, and Chinese insects are sparse, which confuses each other." High note: "the book says,' mountain dragon worm, algae fire powder rice'." Hey, the roots are intertwined. " Today I'm going to press "Huachong Bookstore", that is, "Worm House". Inappropriate treble quotation.
(12) "sub-chapter of fa Wu Yan": "the boy carves insects and seals, I said: a strong husband is not a good husband." Both "carving" and "insect" are used, and the literal meaning is the same as the "insect carving" mentioned above. Compare example (2) with "tune" and "pass". The examples in Xunzi are worth noting, that is, "carving" in classical Chinese and "communication" in classical Chinese, which includes Yang's "carving insects". We have reason to think that Han Fu can learn from Xunzi, Qu Yuan and Lu Jia.
(13) Pei's Preface to the Theory of Carving Insects said: "Emperor Song Ming wrote well, thought brilliantly, and often read and played, which is called the seven wonders. Every time there is an auspicious banquet, Chen Shi's poems will be exhibited, and the courtiers have orders ... So the world is against the wind and the art of carving insects is flourishing. " The Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties did not go far to the Han Dynasty, and the original meaning of "carving insects" was still recognizable. Biography of Pei Zi in Liang Shu: "Ye Zi is a prose, and it is standardized and quick, not a kind word. Its production is older and different from today's style. At that time, there were people who despised, and in the end, they were heavy. " This shows the simple characteristics of Ye Zi's articles. In the Qi and Liang Dynasties, literary works became more and more colorful. Pei was deeply dissatisfied with the emphasis on "algae decoration" and "carving insects" in poetry and fu at that time, and advocated that the works should "persuade beauty to punish evil" and "stop at propriety and righteousness", so he wrote "On Carving Insects" and made a strong criticism.
(14) Zhong Rong's "Ruan Ji of Shi Jinpin Infantry": "From" Xiaoya ",it is futile to carve insects." "Yulan" quoted "No coincidence is a book." ? This is obviously because later generations did not know the original meaning of "carving insects" and made a mistake. Chen Ruoming's Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang, Volume 8: "Ruan Gong's" Yong Huai "is a wonderful pen. Looking at his writing and taking nature directly, it was not hard work at first, but a sense of ingenuity. " Lu Deshen said: "Ruan Ji's poems chanting for the bosom mostly use metaphors, which imply obscure twists and turns, but they are not deliberately carved." According to the meaning of the article, it is acceptable for the two gentlemen to understand "carving insects" as "carving" and "cutting". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the original meaning of "carving insects" was obscure and difficult to distinguish, and some people occasionally got its meaning.
(15) Tang Quan Deyu's "Fu Zhou A Liu Shu" says: "Those who are near are too eager to learn and too eager to carve insects".
(16) Tang and Li Bai's Book of Northern Qi (Volume 36) Xing Shao Zhuan has flourished since Xiao Ming, and Shao carved insects beautifully. At that time, every article was published for the first time, and the capital was expensive. All of Russia is reading it. If the "carving insects" in the above two examples is interpreted as "carving insects to write books", it is not a word. The meaning of "carving" is obvious. The ancients listened to sounds and memorized words, and liked to write simple and easy-to-understand visual words, which were easy to understand. For example, "greedy writing worm" is a parallelism structure that describes greed. Because ""is not common, later generations mistakenly wrote "worm" and became a partial structure. So "copper building" is written as "insect building" and "carved boy" is written as "carved insect". Oh! "Tong" has the meaning of "decoration", which is not found in ancient notes, but it was renamed as "worm" under its guise, and its original meaning is hard to find. Insect teaches "carving", which can be interpreted as "carving chapters and chiseling sentences, piling up words", that is, as Han Shu said, "beautiful words, rich cymbals and great achievements". When Yang Xiong was young, he liked "Shen Bo's beautiful writing style" and was endowed with "Li Hong and Wen Ya" in his heart. So there is this feeling: "The boy carves insects and seals." That is, "when I was a teenager, I liked to carve chapters and chisel sentences to pile up words (wrote some big fu)", which is in line with the meaning of the text. (If it is interpreted as "writing fu is the road of small skills for children", it will be tortuous. So Yang Xiong said again: Irony! Irony is enough. I'm afraid I can't help but advise you. (Fa Wu Yan Zi) Yang Xiong followed this metaphor, or: Fog is beautiful. Said: a female worker's moth. I am light and gorgeous, so I can be liked by people, and so can Fu. Without extravagance and literary talent, how can we be liked? Answer: It is precisely because of the excessive pursuit of luxury that it has become a moth that destroys female workers. The implication is that carving insects, engraving and overlapping words are the moths of writing books. This article is about "carving insects and engraving", so "fog beauty" means fluency. If you make an explanation of "engraving worm books and prints", it does not belong to the following meaning. "Carving insects and engraving" or "carving" or "carving". Shuoyuan
(17) "On the contrary": "The palace walls are painted and carved."
(18) "On the contrary": "Carving will harm farmers. Jinxiu Group, those who hurt women workers. " We are very excited to note that Liu Xiang talked about "splendid compilation" with "small skills of carving insects" and criticized these practices as the root cause of hunger and cold. Yang Xiong's brushwork is very similar to this article, using "carving insects and seal cutting" as the opposite of "the combination of fog and fog". However, Liu Xiang used the original meaning, referring to the sculpture on the building, while Yang Xiong used the extended meaning, referring to the sculpture on the article.