Hubi (Huzhou, Zhejiang), Huimo (Huizhou, Anhui), Xuan Paper (Xuanzhou, Anhui) and Duanyan (Zhaoqing, Guangdong, formerly known as Duanzhou).
Classification of writing brush
There are many kinds of writing brushes, and the nib is made of animal hair. Therefore, people often classify pens according to their different elasticity. Generally divided into hard brush, soft brush and double-sided brush. ?
(1) hard brush? The bristles of hard bristle pens are elastic, such as rabbit hair, wolf hair, deer hair, rat beard, stone badger hair, mountain horse hair and mane. ? 1.？ Rabbit brush? Rabbit hair brush has a long history, and the Warring States pen unearthed in Changsha is made of rabbit hair. It is made by splitting one end of the pen into several sections, inserting the nib, and then tying it tightly with silk thread. Rabbit hair is divided into purple hair and gray hair. Purple hair is made from the hair on the rabbit's back (also called arrow hair) and the hair on its tail. It is soft and healthy. Gray is better than purple. ? 2. Wolf brush? The wolf here is not a wolf in the zoo, but a weasel. The pen made of the hair on the weasel's body and tail is slightly softer than the rabbit's brush and harder than the wool pen, but it is brittle and not resistant to friction. ? 3. moustache pen? The moustache pen is made of mouse's beard and has strong performance. According to legend, Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote Preface to Lanting with a moustache. ? Other hard pens, such as mountain horse brush, stone badger brush, bristle brush, etc. , are particularly hard, it is not easy for beginners to choose. ?
(2)? Soft brush? Soft hair brushes are less elastic and softer. Generally made of wool, chicken feathers, fetal hair and other soft hairs. ? 1.？ Sheepfold? Wool pen is made of goat hair, which is softer than purple brush. Because wool is thinner and longer, it is suitable for writing big characters and broken characters. ? 2.？ Chicken brush? The feather brush is made of the hair on the cock's chest, and its performance is softer than wool. ? 3.？ What is a tire pen? Fetal hair is the hair of newborn babies, and its performance is extremely soft. Xiao Ziyun in the Southern Dynasties (487-549) used fetal hair brushes, which shows that it has a long history. ?
(3) Double-stranded brush? "Double brush", as the name implies, means to have both. That is, with hard hair as the core and soft hair around it, what is the pen nature? Between hard hair and soft hair Generally, the production ratio of purple wool and sheep wool is different. The scores are "three purple and seven sheep", "seven purple and three sheep" and "five purple and five sheep". There are also brushes made of wool and wolf Mao Shuang, which are divided into "little white cloud", "Zhong Baiyun" and "Da Baiyun" according to their sizes. There are also bristles added to the big wool barrel pen to enhance its elasticity. ?
Xuan paper is divided into raw Xuan, semi-cooked Xuan and cooked Xuan. . Shengxuan has strong water absorption and Qinshui. Cooked Xuan is coated with alum when it is processed, so the paper is harder than raw Xuan, and its water absorption capacity is weak, and the ink color will not spread when it is used.
Life propaganda, calligraphy or freehand brushwork? Cooked propaganda is used to draw stick figures and meticulous paintings.
Ink is the Mo Ding used in China's ancient writing and painting. The main raw materials of ink are carbon black, pine smoke, glue and so on. Carbon exists in amorphous form. Ink written with a brush can be produced by grinding an inkstone with water. When using colloidal solution ink in water, you should pay attention to the following points:
Zheng Mo
Liu Gongquan has the so-called "pen is right", so is grinding ink. If the ink is not straight or oblique, it is neither elegant nor even.
The intensity is even, rapid and moderate.
When grinding ink, the force is too light and too heavy, too fast and too slow, and the ink will be thick and uneven. Too light force, too slow speed, wasting time, floating ink; If the force is too heavy and the speed is too fast, the ink will be very thick and light. The correct way should be to "push hard", the intensity should be moderate, and don't rush it.
Medium concentration
Even the light pen in calligraphy and painting works is written in thick ink. The difference lies in the amount of ink dipped, not the depth of ink. If the ink contains too much water, the pen will spread quickly when it touches the paper, forming ink clouds of different sizes and shapes. How can you have a stroke? But don't overdo it. It's terrible to write with ink as thick as half jelly. You also need to remember to use white paper, especially thick ink. If you use colored paper, it can be a little lighter.
Used with grinding
The ink must be freshly ground, because if the ink is left for more than one day, the glue and coal will gradually separate, and the ink will be dull and not durable, so it is easy for Su Mo to fade when used as a book. Some ready-made inks sold in the market are sticky and sticky, some are too low in concentration, paper is easy to melt when dropped, and there are many preservatives, which are easy to damage the nib and should not be used.
In the locker
After grinding the ink, take it out immediately, and don't put the inkstone pool, otherwise the glue will easily stick to the inkstone pool, and it will not be easy to take off when it is dry, and it can also prevent the water from softening and lose both sides. You can't expose yourself to the sun to avoid drying. So it's best to put it in a box, which is the best way to prevent moisture and avoid direct sunlight and dust. Existence.
Beginners, it is recommended to choose regular script copybooks.