Travel Map is a work by Yan, a painter in the Tang Dynasty, which reflects the scene that King Wang Songzan Gambu of Tibet married Princess Wencheng and entered Tibet. It is a historical testimony of the friendship between Chinese and Tibetan brothers. In 640 AD, that is, in the 14th year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty, Lu Dongzan, a minister (equivalent to prime minister) sent by the Tubo king, asked for relatives from Datang and arrived in Chang 'an the following year. At that time, the Tang empire was peaceful and peaceful, and all ethnic groups lived in harmony. Therefore, at that time, the leaders of the five brotherly nations asked for relatives in the Tang Dynasty, and Emperor Taizong was very embarrassed. Finally, I came up with a way of equal competition: invite five ambassadors to take the exam, and whoever gets the exam will marry the princess to the head of the family. At that time, there were five problems. Lu Dongzan, the special envoy of Tubo, passed through the customs and took the lead all the way, and finally won. Emperor Taizong was very happy and thought: the envoys of Songzan Gambu are so clever, not to mention Songzan Gambu himself. So I decided to marry Princess Wencheng to Songzan Gambu, the king of Tubo. After the news of Princess Wencheng's marriage spread to Tubo, the Tubo people prepared horses, yaks, food and drinking water in many places and decided to greet them grandly. Songtsan Gambu led the welcoming team from Lhasa and went straight to Qinghai to meet them. Songzan Gambu said happily, "It's a great honor to marry Princess Datang of Shang State today. I want to build a city for the princess as a memorial, so that future generations will always be close to the Tang Dynasty in the country. " He built battlements and palaces in Lhasa according to the architectural style of the Tang Dynasty, which is now the Jokhang Temple.
Other projects:
A: A history of women (Gu Kaizhi-Eastern Jin Dynasty)
The original 12 paragraph of women's history manual stolen from Britain by British captain Ji has 9 paragraphs because of its age. The first existing paragraph, "Xuan Xiong climbs the threshold and Feng Yuan attacks", should be the fourth paragraph, which describes the story of Feng Yuan's resistance to bears and protection of Emperor Han Yuan, and his thoughts are often the most touching.
The second existing story about Ban Jieyu, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, is engraved with the motto "Ban Jieyu has words" ... to avoid minor worries ",and the virtue of empresses is also touching. In the third paragraph, the mountains overlap and people shoot and hunt in the mountains. The essay "If you don't kill a dragon, it's like a terrible machine", which says that the sun and the moon remain the same and everything in the world rises and falls. It is wise and a virtue to maintain moderation and peace. The fourth paragraph draws the relative makeup of two women. The proverb "People know how to cultivate their appearance, but they don't know how to decorate their nature" is still popular thousands of years later. In the fifth paragraph, the couple in bed face to face, and the man lifts the bed and looks in a hurry. In the preface, the proverb "Say what you say is good ... doubt others" is a thousand miles away. What's the farthest distance?
In the sixth paragraph, the husband and wife sit side by side, the concubine sits left and right, and the baby rolls his knees. Essays range from "a husband's words are as small as a whisper" to "all kinds of people", meaning that my concubine will have many children if she is not jealous. In the seventh paragraph, men and women are opposite, and men raise their hands to refuse women. The article "don't desecrate your happiness, don't focus on your pet ... that's why" exhorts women not to deliberately compete for favor, but to be arrogant if they are specialized. In the eighth paragraph, I drew a sitting princess with a quiet posture. The preface is "respect for yourself, respect for respect", which means that if a woman wants to be noble, she must be cautious in her words and deeds, especially "cautious and independent". In the ninth paragraph, I draw a female history, I am writing a book, and there are two girlfriends walking together, caring for each other and chatting. The topic is "Advice from the Department of Women's History, Dare to Tell Ji Shu". Female officials in the imperial court are advising concubines to be cautious and kind, and women all over the world can learn from this.
B. The Goddess of Luo (Gu Kaizhi-Eastern Jin Dynasty)
This painting is based on Cao Zhi's famous Ode to Luoshen, which is a masterpiece handed down by Gu Kaizhi. This Song version retains some features of Gu Kaizhi's art to a certain extent, and we can also get a glimpse of his pen and ink expression from thousands of years. The whole volume is divided into three parts, which describes the sincere and innocent love story between Cao Zhi and Luo Shen in a tortuous and detailed way. The characters are properly arranged and naturally alternate, overlap and exchange in different time and space, but in the description of mountains and rivers, they all show a sense of space. This painting of Luo Shen in Song Dynasty retains the painting style of Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties and is closest to the original. This painting is based on the masterpiece Luo Shen Fu by Cao Zhi, an outstanding poet of Wei State. Luo Shen Fu describes the love story between Cao Zhi and goddess Luo Shui in a romantic way. Gu Kaizhi's "Fu Tu of Luoshen" shows a high degree of artistic imagination and poetically expresses the artistic conception of the original. This long scroll, in the form of a comic book, allows Cao Zhi and Luo Shen to appear repeatedly with the changes of the environment. The descriptions of Luoshen in the original Fu, such as "If you are surprised, graceful and restrained, if you are Youlong", "If you are light of Yun Zheyue" and "If the morning sun rises", and the descriptions of the relationship between the characters are all vividly reflected in the paintings. The color of this painting is dignified and simple, with the characteristics of meticulous and heavy color painting. As a foil, the landscape trees and stones are all outlined with lines, without rubbings, which conforms to the style of the times recorded in the history of painting, that is, "there are more people than mountains, and water cannot be flooded."
The original description is that the poet was frustrated in love and failed to combine with the person he loved. Instead, let yourself meet the beautiful fairy goddess waterinfo in the imaginary space through myths and fables, so as to release your sadness and miss the loss of your lover. This volume well conveys the ideological realm of the original Fu, and we can clearly find the ideas conveyed by the original Fu in the painting. It is another kind of "Luo Shen Fu" in the field of calligraphy and painting. Unfolding the picture scroll, I saw Cao Zhi's expression standing on the shore stagnate, and a pair of autumn waters looked at Luoshen on the distant water waves, infatuated with yearning. Wearing a high cloud bun and a belt raised by the wind, Luo Shen on the water wave has a feeling of falling from the sky. She wanted to go and stay, and she looked around to show her admiration. After the first time, the painter arranged for Luo Shen and Cao Zhi to meet again and again in the whole picture, which lasted for a long time. In the end, the sentimental Luo Shen drove the six dragons and sped away in the clouds, leaving Cao Zhi on the shore, thinking all day, and finally reluctantly leaving. Among them, the deep feeling before crying and laughing and wanting to stop is the most touching.
The whole painting is unpretentious, just like the painting of mountains, rivers, trees and stones in Silkworm Spinning in Spring. The so-called "there are more people than mountains, and water can't be flooded" embodies the characteristics of early landscape painting.
This picture scroll is worthy of being one of the treasures of China's classical painting in terms of content, artistic structure, figure modeling, environmental description and pen and ink expression.
D. Born of Gautama Buddha (Wu Daozi soup)
This painting is divided into two parts. The first part depicts the story of the heavenly king sending his son, and the second part depicts the story of Sakyamuni's father Sudoku King and Mrs. Moyev holding him to worship the gods after his birth. There are more than 20 characters in the picture, ghosts and beasts. The figures are dignified, the ministers are dignified, the ladies are kind, the maids are humble, the ghosts and gods are bared their teeth, and the beasts are flying smartly, which is full of imagination and charm. Unique "Wu style" line drawing, ups and downs, flowing freely. Whether it's the clothes lines of the characters, the ferocious ghosts and gods, or the flickering flames, they are vivid and appropriate.
As a famous Buddha's Birthday painting, we can see that after Buddhism was introduced to China from India, it gradually merged with China culture from the end of Han Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty: the characters in the painting have been localized, and they are no longer as dark-eyed as Dharma, but completely China-like. As a Chinese painting, it also heralds the beginning of a new era of line drawing: "Blue Leaf Line" is derived from "Iron Line". Since then, the line drawing technique of Chinese painting has been fully prepared. No wonder Su Dongpo said, "Painting in Wu Daozi, the change of ancient and modern times, can be done in the world."
Calligraphy and painting are of the same origin. China's paintings and calligraphy pay attention to the use of pen and ink, and the most important thing with pen is the shaping of lines. The so-called "iron wire" is a line with the same thickness, which means like silk; The so-called "orchid leaf line" is a line with constantly changing thickness, which visually refers to the turning point between the leaf surface and the back surface of orchid leaf. In calligraphy, the style of seal script is basically composed of wire, pen and vigorous lines. Later, in order to speed up the writing, the knot was changed to square folding, which became official script, resulting in lines with different thicknesses: skimming, pressing, wavy lines and dots, and horizontal lines and vertical lines with the same thickness coexisted. By the time Wang Xizhi's regular script and cursive script appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the blue line in calligraphy was perfect. Compared with iron wire, blue silk is naturally more beautiful and ornamental. Although the line drawing in figure painting is called "eighteen strokes", it was basically an iron line era before the Tang Dynasty. It was not until Wu Daozi created a "water shield strip" with gradual thickness change, mellow and elegant appearance, which was called "sparse body", that the "Liu Yemiao" of orchid lines took shape, which was nearly 400 years late in calligraphy.