Information about Gaolan Mountain in Lanzhou

Since the Huns called it "Gaolan" by the Yellow River more than 2000 years ago, this mountain has become a witness to the vicissitudes of Lanzhou. Gaolan Mountain-Lanshan Park "Gaolan Mountain is a misunderstood mountain!" Edit the origin of this title-Yingpanling, the highest point of Gaolan Mountain, the peak that Huns look up to. In the harvested wheat field, the soil opened by the plow is like an ancient page, exposed to the sun, revealing their hidden secrets. Not far away is the highest point of Gaolan Mountain, where stands a crude wooden tripod, with its flag hunting in the wind. Gaolan Mountain starts from Weilong Mountain in the west and ends at Laolanggou in the east. It is shaped like a dragon. "It is thick and winding, like two wings, and the east-west ring arches Zhoucheng (Lanzhou City), stretching for more than twenty miles." Gaolan Mountain is the barrier of Lanzhou City. More than 2,000 years ago, the Huns, nomadic on the banks of the Yellow River, looked up at this mountain countless times. During the Warring States period, the Huns took advantage of the opportunity of Qin to destroy the six countries and marched south. After approaching the first line of the Yellow River, I stood by the Yellow River and saw that the mountain was very high, so I named it Gaolan. There are actually three opinions about the origin of Gaolan: First, Gaolan is a transliteration of Xiongnu language. Xiongnu called Qilian Mountain, while the names of Gaolan, Wulan and Helan all sounded similar to Qilian Mountain, meaning sublime. Second, it comes from the name of Qiang River; Third, in modern times, some people think that Gaolan originated from a kind of bluegrass on the mountain. "In fact, Gaolan, Wulan and Helan all refer to the river, which is the name of Xiongnu. Now Mongolia still calls this river Gaolan River. Gaolan Mountain is a mountain by the river. What should be determined is that the Xiongnu named Gaolan Mountain on the north bank of the Yellow River was established. " Jin, deputy director of the Lanzhou Local Records Office, said. Wuquan Mountain is located on the northern slope of Gaolan Mountain, and it is named after the springs such as Hui, Ganlu, Yue, Mozi and Yan. According to folklore, the Five Eyes Spring was poked by the famous Huo Qubing with a bronze whip, hence its name. "This is just a legend. Huo Qubing has never been to Lanzhou! " Kim Yu Ming said: "This is a misunderstood history." Historical Records and The Chronicle of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty recorded the battle against Xiongnu in Hexi, Huo Qubing, saying: Huo Qubing led his army all the way west to Zhangye, and then crusaded against Xiongnu in Gaolan Mountain. People often regard this Gaolan Mountain as Lanzhou Gaolan Mountain, thus confusing the route of Huo Qubing's Western Expedition. Jin said: "In fact, in the Han Dynasty, there should be two Gaolan Mountains in Gansu today. One is Gaolan Mountain in Lanzhou and the other is Heli Mountain near Zhangye, which was also called Gaolan Mountain at that time. " Gaolan Mountain, where Huo Qubing fought fiercely with Xiongnu, should be the stand-out mountain of Zhangye. From 58 1, in the first year of Emperor Wendi, Lanzhou was located at the foot of Gaolan Mountain. Since then, Lanzhou has been given the name in history, and it has been 1427 years. Lanzhou is named after Gaolan Mountain. "After the Xiongnu sealed Gaolan Mountain, Gaolan Mountain became a witness to the vicissitudes of Lanzhou." The remains of this period of Lanzhou ancestors' life walk on Yingpanling. The loess plateau is criss-crossed, and terraces are surrounded by mountains. Green corn, light gray radish and harvested wheat are scattered in the fields. To the south of the dilapidated tripod, there is a gentle slope. 198 1 year, a tomb of mid-level culture was discovered here, which created the peak of painted pottery culture. "198 1 At the beginning of April, a batch of pottery was found in the third battalion and fourth team of Gaolanshan commune in Lanzhou City. This is a Neolithic intermediate tomb, about five kilometers away from the Huazhaizi site. " Zhou Guangji, a provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology who participated in the on-the-spot investigation, said, "This time, we * * collected 20 pieces of pottery, which are basically complete in shape and novel in shape, and are the cultural characteristics of the early Mid-Levels." In the exhibition hall on the second floor of Lanzhou Museum, there are two serrated painted pottery pots unearthed in Yingpanling. Li Xiaolin, a researcher at the museum, said: "These painted pottery have beautiful shapes, one of which is a spiral zigzag pattern of red and black and white, which shows the aesthetic concept of primitive ancestors." The intermediate type is the middle type of Majiayao culture, which is 4650-4350 years ago. The discovery of this site shows us the basic living conditions of Lanzhou residents at that time. At that time, the top of Gaolan Mountain was lush with trees and gurgling streams, and the Yellow River was not far from the foot of the mountain. The ancestors chose to live in a place facing the sun and the water. People build houses into rectangles or squares, open doors to the east for lighting and build stoves indoors. People live extremely hard when farming, fishing and hunting. At this time, the pottery industry has been quite developed, which has brought great convenience to the lives of our ancestors. Many Han tombs were found in Fulongping, west of Gaolan Mountain. 1987 10 A tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty was found at the cave entrance on the northern edge of Fulongping in Chengguan District. Unexpectedly, people accidentally found some pieces of paper used to pad bronze mirrors in this ordinary cemetery. This is the remnant paper of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Fulongping. There are three pieces of paper, all in a bronze mirror, which are round, with a diameter of about 17 cm and good flexibility. There are words on the paper, such as "What should a woman do if she knows her shoes ...". This is another important discovery in ancient paper, China after Dunhuang, Juyan and Gantanpo in Gansu. "This piece of scrap paper is the ink paper with the most characters found, which provides very valuable information for the study of papermaking and calligraphy art." Jin said. Edit this paragraph of "misty rain in country-specific mountains" The irregular terraces on the top of Gaolan Mountain, a scholar in Lanzhou, are planted with various vegetables. Because it has just rained, the mountains are intertwined with clouds, which is quite a bit of the charm of "country-specific mountains and misty rain". Qian Tonghe, editor-in-chief of the History of Chengguan District in Lanzhou, said: "Whenever it rains and winds, or at the beginning of the rain, there are clouds in the mountains, and pavilions on the mountains are looming, which is suspected to be palaces in the sky. Sometimes there are white clouds and light smoke in the morning and evening, winding the mountainside and forming misty rain in the countryside. " Lanshan misty rain was called "Gaolan Mountain Color" in Ming Dynasty and "Lanshan misty rain" in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. It is also one of the few ancient scenic spots in Lanzhou. The terrain around Santaige on the top of Gaolan Mountain is open, which is a good place to overlook the scenery of Lanzhou City from the commanding heights. Nowadays, standing near the big gap at the top of Gaolan Mountain, the city scenery is unobstructed, and the city full of high-rise buildings and traffic is no longer antique. Ming Dynasty is the foundation period of Lanzhou culture today. In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to consolidate the northwest frontier defense, the Ming government moved in a large number from Jiangnan and Shanxi to enrich Lanzhou. A large number of immigrants brought their own different customs and cultures, which promoted the formation of local literati in Lanzhou. In the early Ming Dynasty, the scholar culture in Guanlong gradually declined, while the scholar culture in Lanzhou miraculously developed. Many literati, or near the present Santai Pavilion (built in the early Ming Dynasty, originally Kuixing Pavilion), or sipping tea on Wuquan Mountain on the northern slope of Gaolan Mountain, or standing on the wall overlooking Gaolan Mountain, chanted and sang, leaving a lot of poems. Huang Jian, a flower explorer in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "Visit to Wuquan Mountain": Water is connected with Zen forest, and rustling old trees bring cold smoke. * * * Kwai Ruo outside Newland is a small empty world. It can be seen that the Wuquanshan area in Lanzhou was under construction at that time. Song Wan, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, once wrote "Send Sima Lanzhou to Ziyuan": "The north of the city is high, and Yazhai's face is blue. Thousands of accounts are in the snow, and five springs are flying trees. ..... "Song Wan is from Shandong. He is an official in Longxi and other places. Lanzhou is a must, and Gaolan Mountain left a very deep impression on him. People not only recite Gaolan Mountain, but also regard Gaolan Mountain as a secluded place. Duan Jian, a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty, and Qin Dou, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, lived in seclusion at the foot of Gaolan Mountain. Duan Jian is a famous Neo-Confucianism scholar, who once served as an official in Shandong and Henan. It has created a large number of talents such as Peng Ze, the minister of the Ministry of War. "Duan Jian chiseled stones and made holes in Wuquanshan in his later years, built villas in Dongyuan Nancun, and studied and gave lectures. After his death, he was buried in Taziping between Donglongkou and Hongnigou in Wuquan Mountain. In the 1970 s, there was a three-way monument, which has now become a residential building. " Qin, a famous scholar, is a native of Houwuquan in Lanzhou. He advocated the establishment of Wuquan Academy. He used to be a political envoy, a provincial judge, etc., and later revised the "Gaolan County Records" and served as the head of Wuquan Academy for a long time. In his later years, Qin lived in seclusion in Houwuquan Mountain House, and his collection of poems, Poems on Mountain House. Reading Qin's poems today, it seems that I can still vaguely see a lonely figure, immersed in a small quadrangle in Houwuquan Mountain in Lanzhou, with occasional recitations in the night rain, dotted with the night of Gaolan Mountain. Liu Er, who presided over the construction of Wuquan Mountain, is a well-known celebrity. This flowing humanistic atmosphere is related to ecology in many poems about Gaolan Mountain. Jin said: "Lanzhou, as a military transportation hub in the northwest of China, is a place with very dense forests in history. Sima Guang said in the book "Learning from each other" that in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, Sang Ma was a suburb and no one in the world was rich. " Lanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties had dense forests and beautiful scenery. The vegetation in Lanzhou in the Ming Dynasty was also very good. From the Ming Dynasty to the mid-Qing Dynasty, Gaolan Mountain was once a place with dense forests. In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), the ruins of Lanjun County were rebuilt: "There are more than 83,000 pines and cypresses in this mountain". "... very green immediately understand, Shandong even GuanZiQi, Hebei note (cloud cold. It's sunny and thousands of trees row high waves, and the double bridge pillow is blue with the setting sun. I saw that there was a war in ancient times, so I called Yao to visit Korea. "This is the poem Gao Lan Shan Fu written by Zhou Guanghao, a poet in the Ming Dynasty. This poem records the vegetation of Gaolan Mountain. By the early Qing dynasty, the vegetation in Lanzhou had not been greatly damaged. Today's Gaolan Mountain, Shuimogou and other places are still densely forested. Qin, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Shuimogou": "The giant gate rushes into the ditch, and there are green hills on both sides. At the corner of Pinggang Bay, Chai Heng is seen in the shadow of the poplar trees. " Gaolan Mountain Gorge is said to be the place where Liu Bowen beheaded Long Mai. The legend of Liu Bowen's beheading of Long Mai is actually a reflection of the tense situation in northwest China in the early Ming Dynasty. People think that since Liu Bowen beheaded Long Mai, the geomantic omen in Lanzhou has been bad. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there have been few high officials in Lanzhou. The highest official position is just the history of the Ministry of War, and there is no top academic master. Therefore, people built three pavilions (Kuixing Pavilion) on the top of Gaolan Mountain to gather the Lanzhou context. "After the Ming Dynasty, China's economic center moved south, and the Oasis Silk Road declined completely. The decline of economy will inevitably lead to the decline of culture! " Jin Yu Ming said