Art can be a macro concept or an individual phenomenon. It is a process of perception, consciousness, thinking, operation and expression of objective or subjective things through capturing and digging, feeling and analyzing, integrating and applying (the process of combination of forms, the process of life of living things and the development of stories), or a staged result in the form of feeling (seeing, hearing, smelling and touching).
Expression: language, voice, writing, painting, eyes, breathing, body, etc.
2. Aesthetics
Aesthetics (Greek: α ι σ θ ι κ? ; English: Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy.
The concept of aesthetics was first put forward by the German philosopher Baumgarden in 1750.
He thought it necessary to give art a proper place in the philosophical system, so he established a discipline to study perceptual knowledge and called it "aesthetics".
Aesthetics is a discipline that studies the aesthetic relationship between man and the world, that is, the object of aesthetic research is aesthetic activities. Aesthetic activity is a life experience activity with the image world as the object, and it is also a spiritual and cultural activity of human beings.
Extended data:
First, the scope of aesthetics:
The scope of aesthetics exists with the universe and human beings. As an aesthetic principle, what should be discussed? This not only involves aesthetics as an academic content related to its own logic, but also involves the restriction of the discipline classification of the education system on the concrete presentation of aesthetics.
In China, one is the aesthetics of two disciplines under the first-level discipline of philosophy, and the other is the four first-level disciplines of art: art theory, art design, drama, film and television art, music and dance.
Third, the first-level discipline, China language and literature, various disciplines and first-level disciplines about literature, foreign language and literature, fourth-level disciplines, architectural art related disciplines under architecture and garden plants and ornamental gardening under forestry.
The most important thing here is the relationship between the introduction of art (or the introduction of art) and aesthetics, which is produced by the separation of art and aesthetics. It can be said that the artistic types of beauty and the content of art introduction overlap a lot. Therefore, we should also consider the content of subject division.
Combining these two aspects, an aesthetic principle should first list the problems to be discussed, and then let people have an overall understanding of the whole aesthetic problem after clarifying these problems.
Based on this, the most important issues in aesthetic principles are as follows:
1, aesthetic phenomenology, explain clearly what the specific situation is when people face beauty, how aesthetics begins, how it goes on and what the final result is.
2. Aesthetic typology, which makes it clear that beauty can be divided into several basic categories and types, such as beauty, sadness, joy and so on. There are small categories under the big category, and there are Excellence, gorgeous and elegance under the beauty. What are the characteristics of these types?
3. Aesthetic culturology, clarifying that different cultures have different aesthetic concepts and forms of expression, and further understanding why there are such concepts and forms.
4. The law of formal beauty clearly explains the basic laws of beauty beyond culture and time and space, such as shape, color, symmetry and balance.
5. The origin of beauty. From the perspective of human culturology, how beauty is produced and how people realize it.
6, the history of aesthetics, explain clearly how aesthetics came into being and developed, and what its laws are.
Among these six problems, the most important ones are aesthetic phenomenology, aesthetic typology, aesthetic culturology and the law of formal beauty. As an aesthetic principle in the education system, if we know these four aspects, we can basically grasp aesthetics.
Second, the type of art:
Art embodies and materializes people's certain aesthetic concepts, tastes and ideals. Both aesthetic creation and aesthetic acceptance of art need to be felt and conveyed through some senses of the subject, and the corresponding aesthetic experience will be triggered.
The aesthetic classification of art should be mainly based on the aesthetic feeling and perceptual way of the subject. According to this principle, art can be divided into plastic arts, performing arts, comprehensive arts and language arts.
1, plastic arts
Plastic arts is one of the art forms. Refers to the visual static space image created by certain materials (such as paint, ink, silk, cloth, paper, board, etc.). Suitable for paint, wood, stone, mud, glass, metal, etc. Used in sculptures and handicrafts, as well as various building materials. ) and the means to reflect social life and express artists' thoughts and feelings.
It is the art of reappearing space and static visual art, which mainly includes painting, sculpture, photography and calligraphy. /kloc-The German philosopher Lessing began to use this term in laocoon in the 8th century.
In German, bilden means "Abiden" or "Ma Chen". After the founding of New China, it was introduced by the Soviet Union and used with "fine arts".
2. Performing arts
Performing arts are performed by performing artists and directly appeal to people's vision and hearing. Generally refers to the art forms that must be completed through performance, such as music performance, singing, dancing, folk art and so on. In particular, it refers to the performance of actors in shaping roles in movies, TV dramas and dramas.
The aesthetic characteristics of performing arts are mainly to transform the indirect images provided by literary scripts of various arts into intuitive images through the actors' performances, so that people can enjoy the vivid performances of actors, such as visiting their places, hearing and hearing their voices, seeing their shapes, generating emotional exchanges, and understanding the social life and ideological content reflected by the works' images, so as to obtain aesthetic enjoyment.
3. Comprehensive art
Comprehensive art is also called synthetic art. Art classification and terminology. Generally refers to art composed of various artistic elements. For example, songs combine poetry and music, architecture combines painting and sculpture, and drama combines literature, performance, music, art and dance. Usually refers to drama, film, TV series, dance and other forms. Organic is the most important feature of comprehensive art.
4. Language arts
Language art is a kind of art and an art form that uses language to create aesthetic images. Including drama sketches, broadcast hosting, speeches, debates and other art forms. Its expression can be breathing, speaking speed, single person, multiple people, mixed voice and other forms. Generally speaking, language art is different from literature and drama.
Baidu encyclopedia-aesthetics
Baidu encyclopedia-art