The Holy Ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi, was named Aixinjueluo Xuanye (May 4, 1654, March 18, the 11th year of Shunzhi - December 20, 1722, the 11th day of the 61st year of Kangxi's reign) The 13th day of the lunar month), Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the title of Kangxi comes from his reign name.
Born on March 18, the 11th year of Shunzhi (May 4, 1654) in Jingren Palace, Forbidden City, Beijing, he was the son of Concubine Tong. He died in Qingxi Bookstore, Changchun Garden, Beijing on November 13, the 61st year of Kangxi's reign (December 20, 1722 AD). Aged 69. Reigning for 61 years (1661-1722), he was the longest reigning emperor in Chinese history.
Kangxi was only eight years old when he succeeded to the throne and was the third son of Shunzhi. Shunzhi accepted Tang Ruowang's opinion and chose him as his successor because he had been immune to smallpox. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), a pro-government ceremony was held on the seventh day of July in the Hall of Supreme Harmony. With the help of his grandmother, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuangwen, in the ninth year of Kangxi, he won the battle with the minister of Gu Ming, Obai, and began the stage of real pro-government.
During the Kangxi administration, he removed Wu Sangui and other three vassal forces (1673), unified Taiwan (1684), quelled the Junggar Khan Galdan rebellion (1688-1697), and resisted the Tsarist Russia at that time. The invasion of my country's northeastern region led to the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk to delineate China's northeastern border. He built a summer resort in Chengde as a base for interactions with northern nomads.
From a socio-economic perspective, Kangxi adopted a series of policies that were beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood: actively encouraging land reclamation, abolishing land enclosure orders, implementing renamed fields, and renovating water conservancy projects in the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and canals. Especially in the 51st year of Kangxi (1712), it was decided to "never increase taxes" and cancel the head tax for newly added people, which eventually evolved into the "shared land is divided into acres" system. And imposed taxes. Ultimately, it promoted the development of the agricultural economy, manifested in the rapid expansion of cultivated land area, increase in grain production, and widespread planting of cash crops, laying the foundation for the so-called "Kangxi and Qianlong Dynasties".
Emperor Kangxi attached great importance to preferential treatment for Han intellectuals. He held erudite studies on many occasions, created the Nanshufang system, and visited Qufu in person to pay homage to the Confucius Temple. Emperor Kangxi also organized the editing and publication of books and calendars such as "Kangxi Dictionary", "Collection of Ancient and Modern Books", "Calendar Examination", "Essence of Mathematics", "Kangxi Yongnian Calendar", "Kangxi Imperial Map" etc. and map.
However, on the other hand, Kangxi was also conservative and backward. After reunifying Taiwan, he opened the sea ban, but because he was worried about rice leaving the country, he banned Southeast Asian trade. He advocated Confucianism, especially Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism. In addition, in the 50th year of Kangxi (1711), there was a literary inquisition incident of Dai Mingshi's "Nanshan Collection".
In the thirteenth year of Kangxi's reign, Emperor Kangxi established the one-year-old second son Yinfeng, born to the empress, as the crown prince. However, he was abolished decades later due to the prince's own quality problems and the formation of cliques in the court. Prince. After deposing the crown prince, all the princes coveted the throne, and the conflicts became more acute. Therefore, the crown prince was deposed and re-established. However, Kangxi still could not tolerate his clique, so he deposed the crown prince again three years later. Finally, on his deathbed in the 61st year of Kangxi's reign, it was passed down to Yinzhen, the fourth son of the emperor. There are different opinions on the reasons for passing the throne to Yinzhen. Some people think that Kangxi hoped that the shrewd and capable Yinzhen could vigorously reform the permissive abuses in the last years of Kangxi. Others think that Kangxi passed the throne because he loved Yinzhen's fourth son Hongli (the future Qianlong Emperor). It is said that it is said that he was the one who usurped the imperial edict. In any case, this succession dispute is one of the famous strange cases in Chinese history.
Kangxi Emperor had 35 sons and 20 daughters. Only 24 sons and 7 daughters survived to adulthood.
Family list
Father, Emperor Shunzhi
The eldest brother Aixinjueluo Niu Niu died early
The second brother Aixinjue Luo Fuquan, Prince Yu
Fifth brother Aixinjue Luo Changning, Prince Gong
Mother Xiaokangzhang, Empress Dowager Tongjia
Wife
Empress Xiaochengren of the Hesheli family
Empress Xiaozhaoren of the Niu Hulu family
Empress Xiaoyiren of the Tongjia family
Xiao Gongren Empress Wuya (Concubine De, biological mother of Emperor Yongzheng)
Concubine Jingmin, Zhangjia, gave birth to two daughters, married to Cangjin, Dorji
Dingfei, Wan The Liuha family was a concubine during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, and was honored as the imperial concubine during the reign of Emperor Yongzheng. Later, she lived with her son Prince Lu, Prince Yunchen. When it was her birthday, she would be welcomed into the palace to congratulate her, but she was never honored again. Feng died at the age of ninety-seven.
Tong concubine, Nala clan, was a noble person when she served the holy ancestor Kangxi. In the second year of Yongzheng's reign, his son-in-law was honored for his meritorious services. He died in the ninth year of Qianlong. Both sons died, and one daughter died.
The noble concubine Dunyi, Guarjia. When she served Kangxi, she was the concubine. Emperor Yongzheng of Emperor Shizong honored her as imperial concubine Huang Kao. Emperor Qianlong of Emperor Gaozong honored her as imperial concubine Wen Hui. She died in the thirty-third year of Qianlong's reign at the age of eighty-six. Give birth to a daughter, mourn. She was also the longest-lived among the Kangxi concubines.
Concubine Cui Hui, Tong Jia, the sister of Empress Xiaoyi. During the Yongzheng period, she was honored as the imperial concubine Huang Kao, and during the Qianlong period, she was honored as the imperial concubine Shouki Huang. After her death, she was given the posthumous title of Noble Concubine Ke Hui.
Concubine Shun Yi Mi, the Wang family. At first she was a secret concubine, and later she was named a secret concubine. The three sons were Yunyou, Yunlu and Yunzhen. Yunzhen died at the age of eight.
Princess Chun Yuqin, the Chen family. She was a Qin concubine at first, and was named Qin concubine by Yongzheng Zun. One son, Yunli.
Xiang concubine, Gao family. One son, Yunju, and one daughter, died in infancy.
Jin concubine, Sehetushi. One son, Yun Hu.
Concubine Jing, Shi family. One son, Yunqi.
Xifei, the Chen family, has one son, Yunxi.
Concubine Mu, the Chen family, has a son, I agree with you.
Concubine Wenxi, surnamed Niu Hulu, was the younger sister of Empress Xiaozhao. She had a son, Yunzhen, and a daughter who died in infancy.
Concubine Hui, from the Nala family, has two sons, Chengqing and Yunzhen.
Yifei, Guo Luoluo's family, has three sons, Yunqi, Yunxu and Yunxu.
Concubine Rong, of Ma Jia family, gave birth to five sons and one daughter. Among them, only Yunzhi became an adult and one daughter married Urgun.
The nobleman Guo Luoluo is the younger sister of Concubine Yi.
Children
Sons (in order of birth)
Aixinjueluo·Chenghu
Aixinjueluo·Chengrui
Aixinjueluo·Chengqing
Aixinjueluo·Saiyinchahun
Aixinjueluo·Changhua
Aixinjueluo·Changsheng
The above sons died in infancy, and their teeth are not sequenced
The eldest son of the emperor, Aixinjueluo·Yinti, Gushanbeizi, was originally named Aixinjueluo Baoqing
p>The second son of the emperor Aixinjueluo Yinreng, the crown prince, later named Prince Limi, his original name was Aixinjueluo Baocheng
Aixinjueluo Wanfu (younger brother, unspecified teeth)
Aixinjueluo Yunqi (Young Shang, unspecified teeth)
The third son of the emperor Aixinjueluo Yinzhi, Prince Chengyin
The fourth son of the emperor Ai Xinjueluo Yinzhen, Emperor Yongzheng
The fifth son of the emperor Aixinjueluo Yinzhen, Prince Hengwen
The sixth son of the emperor Aixinjueluo Yinzhen, Youshang
The seventh son of the emperor, Aixinjueluo Yinyou, is Prince Chundu
The eighth son of the emperor, Aixinjueluo Yinsu, was originally named Prince Lian and was later deposed
The ninth son of the emperor Aixinjueluo·Yinyu,
The emperor’s tenth son Aixinjueluo·Yinyu, auxiliary to the Duke of the Kingdom
The emperor’s eleventh son Aixinjueluo·Yinyu, young Shang
The emperor’s twelfth son Aixinjueluo Yinxiang, Prince Luyi
The emperor’s thirteenth son Aixinjueluo Yinxiang, Prince Yixian
The emperor’s fourteenth son Ai Xinjueluo·Yinqi, the prince of Xunqin County
The emperor’s fifteenth son Aixinjueluo·Yinqi, the prince of Yuke County
The emperor’s sixteenth son Aixinjueluo· Yinlu, after heir to Prince Ze, was born
The seventeenth son of the emperor, Aixinjueluo Yinli, was the prince of Guoyi
The eighteenth son of the emperor, Aixinjueluo Yinxuan, was young. Shang
The emperor’s nineteenth son Aixinjueluo Yinzhen, Xiaoshang
The emperor’s twentieth son Aixinjueluo Yinyi and Jian Jingbeile
The emperor The twenty-first son, Aixinjueluo Yinxi, is the king of Shenjing County
The twenty-second son of the emperor, Aixinjueluo Yinhu, is a diligent Baylor
The twenty-third emperor His son Aixinjueluo Yinqi, Chengbeile
The twenty-fourth emperor’s son Aixinjueluo Yinmi, Prince Chengke
Yongzheng Emperor Aixinjueluo Yinzhen ascended the throne Later, to avoid taboos, the character "Yin" in the names of the princes was changed to the character "Yun".
Daughter
The emperor’s eldest daughter (1668-1671) was born on November 20th in the seventh year of Kangxi; she died in October of the tenth year at the age of three. Mother and concubine Zhang.
The second daughter of the emperor (1671-1673) was born on the ninth day of March in the tenth year of Kangxi's reign; she died in February of the twelfth year at the age of three. Mother and concubine Dong.
The third daughter of the emperor is Princess Gulun Rongxian, and her mother is the concubine Ma Jia.
The fourth daughter of the emperor (1674-1678) was born on the tenth day of the second lunar month in the thirteenth year of Kangxi. She died in the seventeenth year of Kangxi at the age of five. Mother and concubine Zhang.
The fifth daughter of the emperor is Princess Heshuo Duanjing, and her mother is the noble Zhaojia family.
The sixth daughter of the emperor is Princess Gulun Kejing, and her mother is the noble Guo Luoluo family.
The seventh daughter of the emperor (1682) was born in early June in the 21st year of Kangxi and died in August. The mother, Concubine De, is Wu Ya.
The eighth daughter of the emperor (1683) was born on June 19, the 22nd year of Kangxi, and died in the leap month of June. The mother of the imperial concubine Tong Jia.
The ninth daughter of the emperor is Princess Gulun Wenxian, and her mother is the concubine Wu Ya.
The tenth daughter of the emperor is Princess Gulun Chunci, and her mother is the concubine Nala.
The eleventh daughter of the emperor (1685-1686) was born on September 27, the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi; she died in May the twenty-fifth year. Mother Wenxi's concubine Niu Hulu.
The twelfth daughter of the emperor (1686-1697) was born on the 24th of April in the 25th year of Kangxi. She died in February of the 36th year of Kangxi at the age of twelve. His mother, Concubine De, is Wu Ya.
The thirteenth daughter of the emperor is Princess Heshuo Wenke, and her mother is the concubine Zhang Jia.
The fourteenth daughter of the emperor, Princess Heshuo Jing, and her mother the noble Yuan family.
The emperor’s fifteenth daughter is Princess Heshuo Dunke, and her mother is a concubine named Zhangjia.
The sixteenth daughter of the emperor (1695-1707), died on October 21st in the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi; she died in October of the forty-sixth year at the age of thirteen. Mother and concubine Wang.
The seventeenth daughter of the emperor (1698-1700) was born on December 12, the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi's reign; she died in November of the thirty-ninth year at the age of three. Mother and concubine Liu.
The eighteenth daughter of the emperor (1701) was born on the eighteenth day of October in the fortieth year of Kangxi's reign, and died soon after. Mother and concubine Guarjia.
The nineteenth daughter of the emperor (1703-1705) was born on February 14th in the 42nd year of Kangxi reign; she died in February of the 44th year at the age of three. Mother Xiang concubine Gao.
The emperor's twentieth daughter (1708) was born on the ninth day of October in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi's reign and died in December. Mother and concubine Niu Hulu.
The adopted daughter is Princess Gulun Chunxi, the eldest daughter of Prince Chang Ning, the younger brother of the Holy Ancestor, and her mother is a concubine of the Jin family.