He was born in Yongxing, Yuezhou (now Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang). The author wrote this article mainly to explore his secret as the longest-lived famous poet in the Tang Dynasty.
(a) filial piety and diligence, career access.
The ancient genealogy of He's distant ancestor has long been lost, and relevant records can only be found in other historical books and ancient genealogy. According to general records, the third ancestor of He family is He Deren, who was once the prince of the Tang Dynasty (equivalent to the secretary-general), and his father, He Dian ("Dian"), was the secretariat of Pengzhou.
According to legend, a thousand years ago in Xiaoshan rural area, the "laundry basket" was a common agricultural tool for holding lotus roots and carrying rice ears, and it could also be used to carry people. He is a famous dutiful son. When his mother was ill and couldn't walk, he walked in the country with a laundry basket carrying his mother's classics. Neighbors call him "He Dan monk" and his mother "radish". He used to copy the Book of Filial Piety in cursive script.
He Zhangzhi is clever and studious. When he was young, he was familiar with classics and was famous for his poems. Because I had to serve my mother, I didn't take the scientific examination until the year of Emperor Wu Zetian (695). In one fell swoop, he became the first scholar with historical records in Zhejiang. Awarded to Dr. Guo Zisi (imperial academy's mentor). During the kaiyuan period, Zhang, a famous scholar, called himself a hall official and asked the court for approval to enter the academy. * * * co-wrote Six Classics and Wen Zuan. It was also recommended by Lu Xiang, who was in charge of Zhongshu Province, and transferred to Taichang Shao Qing. Later, he served as assistant minister of rites, bachelor of Jixian Academy and assistant minister of industry.
(B) generous personality, make friends.
He has a generous personality, a wide range of friends and deep feelings, and is called "Four Scholars of Wuzhong" with Zhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong. People call him "Eight Immortals of Drinking", which is as famous as poets and friends such as Li Bai and Li. Together with Wang Wei, Sima, Bi Gou, Li Bai, Lu Zangyong, Song and Meng Haoran, they are called "Ten Friends of Immortals".
His close contacts with Zhang Zhi are among some people. They all have unique skills and outstanding personalities. Friends get together, drink and sing poems, laugh and clap their hands. How happy you are!
Du Fu's Song of Drinking Eight Immortals is a unique "portrait poem", which is a true portrayal of He Hao's bold personality and broad friends. Excerpts are as follows:
Knowing that Zhang rode like a boat, he was dazzled and sank into the bottom of the well.
Li Bai wrote hundreds of poems about fighting wine. Chang 'an went to a restaurant to sleep, but the son of heaven didn't get on the boat, claiming to be Brewmaster.
Zhang Xu handed down three cups of grass, and before he took off his hat and showed his head to the maharaja, he threw the paper like a cloud.
Jiao Sui's five buckets of rice are outstanding and have amazing eloquence.
As a younger brother, Du Fu knows the rules very well, and the order of the eight drinkers in the poem is elegant. He is the oldest and most qualified, so he naturally ranks first. "Zhang Zhi riding a horse is like taking a boat and falling asleep at the bottom of the well." It describes He Zhangzhi who is drunk and staggers on horseback, like a boat sitting in the wind and waves. Suddenly shook a few times and fell into the well. Hey! The brother fell asleep at the bottom of the well! Besides He, Qi's drunkenness also has its own characteristics. According to the order of the poems extracted by the author, Li Bai fell asleep at his desk without listening to the imperial edicts, and Zhang Xu took off his hat in public, anxious to scare the guests with his own words. ......
Du Fu read widely, learned extensively, and applied what he saw, heard and learned. Li Bai once said that when he was drunk, his eyes were dim and dazzling, and he staggered on horseback. If he falls into the well, he will fall asleep. In addition, Du Fu also vividly used the allusion of "Ruan Xian riding a horse drunk" in Volume I of Du Yi in Ming Dynasty, describing He's drunkenness when riding a horse drunk, which was full of humorous and cheerful emotions and vividly showed his generous character.
(3) an informal and broad-minded birthday.
One day, I went out to play and passed a villa of Yuan family. He didn't know it. According to the habits of ordinary people, he wouldn't rashly mix "natural invitations" with strangers. But he didn't. He barged in to play without even saying hello, and called the host's entourage. Tourists took money and didn't worry about it. I just felt dissatisfied after playing, so I wrote a poem entitled "Don't leave your job behind", which has been kept:
I haven't met the owner of the villa. I'm here to sit and enjoy the forest and the rocks.
Master, don't worry about buying wine, bulging pockets and lack of drinks.
In 742, Li Bai went to Chang 'an to find a name, and found that he liked helping people best, and soon met him in Xinghua Village Restaurant. After reading two poems by Li Bai, Wu Qiqu and Shu Daonan at the age of 84, He sighed, "What a genius! Is the lower bound of the fallen fairy! How can a mortal write such a poem? " Take Li Bai to a seat, eat and drink, talk about literary criticism and poetry.
Who knows that after dinner, He Zhangzhi found that he didn't have any money with him, so he untied the scarab bag at his waist and threw it to the shopkeeper to settle the bill. Li Bai blocked the way: "This is no good!" You know, in the Tang Dynasty, only officials above princes and ministers were qualified to wear them. Even if you have money to buy it, you are not qualified to use it. He Zhangzhi smiled and said, "What is this?" Then I read Li Bai's poem "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes, and don't point his golden cup at the moon!" " .
He is not only good at writing poems, but also excellent at calligraphy. He often writes as drunk as a fiddler. So people who know his temperament and like calligraphy, when they see him drinking, will wait beside him with Four Treasures of the Study prepared in advance. Generally speaking, everything is responsive. Even if CSI only writes a few words, people who like calligraphy will collect them as carefully as they do.
(D) Frank and natural, life-long.
Being an official under the emperor is really a blessing in disguise. How many people can get a stable life? What can be regarded as a rare alternative among officials. He has had a successful career all his life and has never suffered a slight demotion.
What is the reason? What is an official for half a century, diligent and loving the people. He has always maintained a frank and simple nature throughout his life, and the older he gets, the more natural he lives. Not only literary and art friends and Manchu officials liked him, but also Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty at that time. He retired in his later years and returned to his hometown. Tang Xuanzong not only wrote poems himself, but also ordered the prince to lead hundreds of officials to send him away. He also specially arranged for his son He Zeng to work in Huiji County.
Fifty years after He Zhangzhi retired from his official career, great changes have taken place in Sang Zi. He asked a child for directions, and the child actually asked him, "Guest, where are you from?" ? "He told Zhang Zhi infinite regrets, life is easy to get old, the world vicissitudes, so he wrote two" hometown couplet ". For thousands of years, this poem has touched many young wanderers who left home.
After settling down, he walked around the country on crutches and enjoyed the beautiful spring scenery. He happily wrote a fresh and cheerful poem "Singing Willow":
Jasper dressed as a tree, hanging down ten thousand green silk tapestries.
I don't know who cut the thin leaves, but the spring breeze in February is like scissors.
The poem vividly describes the characteristics of weeping willows, praises the beauty of spring, and expresses my happy mood as a teenager in early spring after returning to my hometown.
In 744 AD, He Zhangzhi died at the age of 86.
There is no denying that it is an important condition for He Zhangzhi to live a long life and have a successful career and enjoy peace and prosperity. But subjectively speaking, that is, he has always maintained a simple nature, even in his twilight years.
Author brief introduction Zhao, pen name, member of Chongqing Nan 'an Writers Association.