Young [em]e40 1705[/em] He wrote a non-smoking book behind him.
The Wooden Monument of "Mao Jie Song Jun"
Zhu Shen: Zi Yangshan, No.,from Tonghai County, Yunnan Province. Born in the fifty-sixth year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 179 1), he died in the second year of Tongzhi (A.D. 1863) at the age of 72. In the 24th year of Jiaqing (AD 1820), Zhu Shen was a scholar. In the same year, he joined imperial academy as editor and editor. When he arrived in Daoguang, he was an assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, and later he was promoted to Minister of Commerce. Later, he was transferred to Shangshu, Gongbu and Official Department of the Ministry of Rites. Because of his diligent service and outstanding political voice, he was transferred to the military department of the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and finally he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in cabinet.
Historical biography records:
("History of Qing Dynasty" Volume 421 "Biography" 280)
Zhu Shen, Tang Zhi, from Tonghai, Yunnan. In the twenty-fourth year of Jiaqing, he was a scholar, elected Jishi Shu, granted a review, and moved to the empire. In the 12th year of Daoguang, Pan Shicheng, a deputy tribute student from Guangdong, donated money to help the poor and gave it to a juren. If there is a need for assistance, I will say, "I will salute you and give you a jury." In the anomaly, I still have the intention to measure talents. Later, Ye asked for help for the second time. If so, it will bring inconvenience to the lucky psychology of the rich and hinder the learning of the poor. You should ask the governors to donate money for disaster relief and should not quote previous cases. " Go to the kingdom of Ghana. 5. move to the cabinet bachelor. In seventeen years, he served as assistant minister of the Ministry of War, and also served as a department official and a household department, ranking in five categories. Twenty-six years, Bachelor of The Cabinetshi Read.
Liu Liangju, the suggestion, played a silver painting and ordered provincial governors to discuss it. Yan said, "The treasure of spring cloth is specially beneficial to the country, so it is given with millet, and the goods are paid with money. The material foundation depends on less money, less is heavy, and heavy is cast to make it light; Gui You has a lot of money, but if it is too much, it will be light. If it is light, it will be heavy. Which is more important, relaxation in the official, power in the top. The cashier used silver today, and the money was useless. Although the national treasure is in circulation, it flows downward rather than upward. Therefore, both wealthy businessmen and philistines should take advantage of their shortcomings and fuck them to win, regardless of weight. If it is official to set the price, and it is definitely qualified but failed. Let people follow it easily, change it so that people don't complain, and exercise their rights so that people don't doubt it. Today, when salt affairs are exhausted, people take silver as the word and sell money with salt instead of silver. Selling money is the solution to money. The price of Pierer people and long reed salt can solve the reimbursement problem in Beijing. Please put the money in Dongxi Urban Construction Warehouse, hold it in the hands of assistant ministers around households and workers, set up the flag at the price on time, and ask for it at the nearest warehouse to avoid transshipment. It is strictly forbidden to deduct money, make short remarks or confuse all disadvantages. In the year of repair, the river worker was relieved by the price of two Huai salt. The whole project is located in the Huaihe River Basin, and the waterway extends in all directions, making the transportation of goods more convenient. Every time I hire my husband to buy materials, it is for money, which is also a convenient way. Nine times out of ten, farmers lose money and pay taxes. Local officials pay money to solve problems, and they are tired every time. Overture by Wu, Minister of Jiangxi Province:' The province is supported by projects, and the money has been collected and released; For the funds allocated by the Ministry of Finance, silver is levied to solve the problem; Please discount the soldiers' pay and meals at the current price. "His words are not without knowledge. But the whole bank collects money and carries it back and forth, and the labor cost doubles. There are no silver coins in the province, which is too dry. I intend to let the counties collect it, but I ignore those who have been collecting money. However, according to the current situation, we should reduce the amount of money and food according to the number of people serving in military service in nearby places to alleviate their difficulties. Except for e-banking, money is paid to silver, and every silver is exchanged for a certain amount of money. According to the current price, pay soldiers' salaries and food. If you should have leisure time, you should still put forward a solution. The official salaries in the same city, the booksellers, grain, sacrifices and post stations in this county, and the military salaries in the local flood season are all allowed to sit down. The rest depends on the distance, and the libraries of Dao, Fu and Fan are all saved to pay for the war. The current price is subject to the provincial wall, which is determined ten days before the collection, and the company will follow suit and change it once every six months. It's a rule that a 20% discount on military pay should not exceed 1700 yuan should not be lower than 1200 yuan, which cannot be reduced. As before, money was paid to all the officials who had no money to support, the areas where soldiers were stationed, and those who had no money in nearby counties. Government money is invested in those who have precedents in the same way. If so, it will become the real reason and the dispute will not be stifled. For example, corn and flax, it is common for people to lose money, and they have long been used to it. They received a certain amount, and now they have discounted a certain amount. Anyone who claims to be a closet will not change his mind and will not disturb the people. Soldiers still have to change money when they receive silver, and then apply for it. Every time a soldier receives his salary, he is not allowed to reduce his price. Now give them full money at a fixed price, which means the soldiers have nothing to lose. If there is more money first, the official will collect money for profit; Now that money is cheap, officials pay with easy money. Spend more money, take less money, that is, be less tired, usually envy the price of silver, which is beneficial to being an official. Or collecting money online, the market will sell out, which may lead to a shortage of money. I don't know how to get the money for military service, but I still do it in the city. In addition to keeping the state treasury, most local officials have to pay, so their money is also in the city. Today's disadvantage is not lack of money, but excessive money. Saving their disadvantages is not conducive to collecting money, especially stopping investing. When money is cheap, stop casting, and issue easy money with labor fees and pay it into the state treasury. It's difficult to make a private investment, but the official money is increasing, the price of money is flat, and the situation of making money 1000 yuan and one or two pieces of silver can be realized. It's Zhi Zhi's casting problem, and those who are fair have no right to be private. If you want parity, you have to match money with money. If you want parity, stop casting and restart the furnace. It is said that if you want to win, you should shrink first and relax one by one. If the husband loses money, he will benefit from it. Today, money is cheap and the price is expensive. Chunfu spends two dollars to make a sum of money, and officers and men only accept half of a sum of money. It is not good for the people, but harmful to the country. There must be someone who can tell the difference between gain and loss. In short, use money if you can, and use silver as a last resort. Money is used nearby, and silver is used in Zhiyuan. Mother and son are in power, and the victory and defeat are controlled to make up for the disadvantages. However, the situation in each province is different, so we should adjust measures to local conditions and be flexible at any time. Managers should be responsible for observing and discussing the best. "ShuRu, ordered the military affairs minister to discuss with the ministry.
Li Wei is the second assistant, bachelor of cabinet. Twenty-nine years, awarded assistant minister kurata. Xianfeng four years, sick, begging. After five years' recovery, he was re-awarded the assistant minister of the household department. For six years, Zuo Du was persuaded. The history of the two departments of soldiers and ceremonies. Eleven years, begging for illness again. In the first year of Tongzhi, he died of illness.
3 detailed introduction
childhood
Zhu Shen's great-grandfather and great-grandfather were both scholars and teachers in private schools. When they came to their father's side, they had made outstanding contributions. Judging from their family composition, they have been three generations of scholars. The origin of family studies has formed a good educational atmosphere and left a deep accumulation in Zhu Shen's official career and fame.
Zhu Shen was smart and studious when he was young, and he was smart when he was a child. When I was five years old, I went to a private school to attend a lecture. I once asked Naizu (teacher), "Why does the moon shine at night? Why doesn't the sun shine at night? " This stumped the teacher, so he was called a prodigy. Because Naizu is a well-read person, Zhu Shen taught the text of The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Songs at the age of six or seven, and he can recite many chapters. Every spring, Zhu Shen's mother will take him to his grandmother's house to play, and Zhu Shen will take his schoolbag with him every time he goes. During the day, he likes to ride horses and herd cattle with the children in the village or bathe in the river and play with his lovely skin. At night, he reads under the lamp, just like an adult. By the age of ten, Zhu Shen had been able to recite many famous China poems. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, he took the senior high school entrance examination, and at the age of 28, he went to Beijing to try the Jinshi and merged into the Hanlin Academy. It can be said that Zhu Shen's career was very suitable in his youth.
Smoking is forbidden in the letter
During the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty, foreign aggression intensified, especially British imperialism stepped up its enslavement of weak countries in the world and wantonly transported opium to China, and the people of China suffered from opium poisoning. After visiting Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong, Zhu Shen deeply observed that the poison of opium had spread from the coast to the capital Beijing. In an urgent letter to Daoguang's throne, he wrote: "If China does not eradicate the scourge of opium as soon as possible, its people will be in danger, China people will be in danger, and China will be even more dangerous! "
In North Korea, Zhu Shen and Huang Jue Zi, who worked as the secretary of the Temple in Hong Kong, advocated a "main ban" on opium entering China. According to Tan Zongxun's "Blue Ocean Fu", "There were only a few hundred boxes of opium when it entered China in the Qing Dynasty, and it suddenly increased to more than 20,000 boxes in the middle of Daoguang. In the 16th year of Qing Daoguang (AD 1836), Xu Naiji, minister of Taichang Temple, banned smoking and paid taxes according to medicinal materials. Therefore, Zhu Shen, a bachelor of cabinet, and Huang Juezi, secretary of the temple crack, made an edge ball and made remarks harmful to the regime. Please declare it strictly prohibited. Recommend Lin Zexu as an imperial envoy to visit Guangdong. " He had a high reputation in the imperial court, and Lin Zexu echoed him in the opium wars in Humen, Judy and Huangjuezi.
China was forced to become a defeated country because of the obstruction of the capitulators in the First Opium War. At the same time, because of Lin Zexu's recommendation, Zhu Shen was also exiled to Shandong to study politics. In the 21st year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 184 1), Daoguang in Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty reactivated Zhu Shen and was appointed as the minister of the Ministry of Industry to manage the imperial history of the Yellow River. During this period, due to his mother's illness, Zhu applied for leave to go home to visit his mother. It was the Mid-Autumn Festival when I returned to my hometown and stayed in Tonghai for more than a month. The elders in their hometown think that it is the honor of their hometown that Zhu Shen is honored as a minister in Beijing. Officials and gentry in the city are vying to hold a banquet in honor of Zhu Shen. Several close friends of Zhu Shen accompanied me to enjoy the scenic spots in my hometown, reciting poems and making wine, and Zhu Shen also improvised poems to answer questions. This left a lot of poems and ink for my hometown. Today, there are precious ink couplets, banners, screens and woodcut plaques here. Zhu Shen waited for his mother to recover at home and decided to take his wife, children and mother to Beijing. Famous literati in Quantonghai County and the Zhu family all came to see Zhu Shen's family off. This time is about the 29th year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (AD 1849). After that, due to the prosperous official career and busy government affairs, Zhu Shen never returned to his hometown.
Find a dilemma ―― Be in a dilemma.
Zhu Shen worked as a Beijing official, and a group of outstanding scholars from Yunnan were also elected to imperial academy in batches and sent to serve in various places. How, He Guiqing and Dou Eyuan are all provincial and ministerial officials in several provinces. Among these dignitaries, he is really a master. He was a soldier in Liangjiang and died in the battle with Taiping Army. Dou Yi is also a master. When he was in Hunan, he wrote the famous Yueyang Loulian. He Guiqing, a former governor of Liangjiang River, was closely related to Zhu Shen. He Guiqing, a native of Kunming, was a scholar of Qing Daoguang for fifteen years. He was praised by imperial academy for editing, bachelor of cabinet, assistant minister of does, and minister of household affairs. In the fourth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1854), He Guiqing was transferred to the governor of Zhejiang Province, and in the seventh year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1857), he became the governor of Liangjiang. Although He Guiqing is very obedient in officialdom, and any party official, Zhu Shen is regarded as a teacher, which is a gift from the teacher. However, in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom War, Nanjing fell because of its poor fighting capacity, and several places where it fled were "entrusted". So he fled to Shanghai under the pretext of being suppressed by foreign soldiers (British troops), and was taken to Beijing in the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1862) and handed over to the official department for trial.
Unfortunately, the Manchu court ordered Zhu Shen to supervise the case. Long before he became the governor of the two rivers, Zhu Shen repeatedly warned him to "be loyal to his duties and serve the country." However, He Guiqing didn't take the teacher's advice seriously, and didn't take national security as his duty. Instead, he neglected his duty, which led to the Taiping Army occupying Jiangnan. Zhu Shen is very sad. During the trial of He Guiqing case, He's relatives and friends pleaded with Zhu Shen many times, asking Zhu Shen to mediate with the court for the sake of his fellow countryman and student, so as to prevent He Guiqing from being executed. However, due to the seriousness of the He Guiqing case and numerous complaints from the imperial court, Zhu Shen had the idea of "what case". Zhu Shen was in a dilemma at this time. Once you write a letter to protect Guiqing from death, the court will fall into Zhu Shen's excuse, which will lead to the destruction of lifelong reputation and the crime of disloyalty. If judged according to the facts, He Guiqing will die, accused of "falling when he is down", disowning his six relatives, and his fellow villagers in Yunnan called him three generations. Under such circumstances, Zhu Shen can only take the side of the court and sentence He Guiqing to death. At that time, Empress Dowager Cixi (Empress Dowager Cixi) in the West had already listened to politics. In order to rectify the platform and establish bureaucratic authority, He Guiqing's charges were added again. It turns out that the death penalty is just a general beheading. After one more crime, it is sentenced to "waist cutting". After He Guiqing was beheaded, public opinion in the ruling and opposition circles was in uproar, all about Zhu Zhou being sentenced to torture in his early years.
Put behind sb.
Because the court did not correctly affirm Zhu Shen's loyalty, but the public opinion in the ruling and opposition parties made a big fuss about Zhu Shen's "falling into the rain" and "disowning his six relatives", the people in Tonghai, Yunnan Province also wrote letters to curse Zhu Shen. In this whirlpool of contradictions, Zhu Shen could not afford to get sick and died in Beijing at the age of 72.
The Manchu government didn't expect that Zhu Ji would be so angry that she went to the grave under such circumstances, and the courtiers in the DPRK showed great sympathy. As Zhu Ji was a loyal minister in the four dynasties and an outstanding minister in five ministries, Empress Dowager Cixi personally presided over Zhu Ji's funeral, named him "Zhu Wenduan Gong" and ordered Governor Yungui to erect a monument in his hometown. Empress Dowager Cixi personally issued the imperial edict and sealed the "Yipin Lady's Imperial edict" of Zhu Geng's late mother. Then according to the imperial edict, Mrs. Zhu Shen was named "the life of a lady with one product" and the son of Zhu Shen was crowned with four products. It's a pity that does not transfer five thousand two hundred pieces of silver from the state treasury to Zhu Shenfu.
Zhu Shen has been an official in Beijing for more than forty years, but due to political fatigue, he failed to leave any visible writings. According to Xu Qiushan, a scholar, Zhu Shen once wrote a book "Ten Theories on Politicians", but Xu Qiushan only heard from his predecessors and never read it. Zhu Shen's Mo Bao is popular in Yunnan, and his poems and calligraphy are very good. Judging from the pen and ink, the cursive script has the elegance of Zhao and Dong Xiangguang.
Judging from the evaluation of Zhu Shen after his death 100 years, he served the Qing Dynasty all his life and was a pillar of the country. Judging from his advocacy of banning opium from entering the country, his belief in his pupil He Guiqing, and his diligence in politics for the benefit of the country, he is a good official who is diligent in virtue, loyal to the monarch, patriotic and filial.
4 "Mao Jie Song Jun"
Recently, I heard from a friend that there was an old plaque in a farmer's house in this county, so I drove to visit. When I came to Cui Chun's home in Cui Zhuang, Gucheng County, Hebei Province, I started talking to my 70-year-old mother. The old man said to me, "The old plaque you want to see is in the old house in my front yard." Cui Chun often takes me to his old house, which has been idle for a long time. Suddenly, the wooden plaque lying flat on the east wall behind the north landlord comes into view. Because it has been uninhabited for many years, the handwriting on the wooden plaque has been covered with dust. Move the plaque to the yard for dust removal. There are four characters "Mao Jie Song Jun" in the middle of the plaque, and the font is clear and beautiful.
Although the plaque is old, it is very imposing, revealing everyone's majesty and style.
On the wooden tablet, one paragraph reads "Liu Shili, wife of the late Cui, bachelor of the Imperial Palace Cabinet and assistant minister of rites, prefect of Shuntian, and third-class Zhu Shen", and the next paragraph reads "Qing Daoguang was 29 years old in February". A rectangular official seal is engraved on the plaque.
Well, this plaque has been hidden in Cui's home for 156 years. So, who is Zhu Shen? Why did you write an inscription on this plaque?
With these questions, I first consulted the historical materials of Zhu Shen, a bachelor of cabinet and assistant minister of rites during the Daoguang period. Zhu Shen is from Yangguang Town, Tonghai County, Yunnan Province. The Zhu family is a famous local family, and the existing Zhu ancestral hall is a building in the Daoguang period. There are two tablets of "imperial patent" in the ancestral hall in the twenty-fifth year of Qing Daoguang, with Wen as the father and Taifuren as the mother. There used to be a plaque inscribed by Lin Zexu in the ancestral hall.
Judy's memorial is the most famous, and his rebuttal is reasonable. In the debate on 1836 about "loosening opium", he put forward the anti-smoking strategy of "treating yourself first, then treating people", focusing on treating smokers. During the reign of Daoguang, ministers had two opinions on the issue of smoking ban. One is to "relax the ban". Zhu Gui maintains that opium is a drug and must not be allowed to poison the people of China. As a result, the ban gained the upper hand, and the Qing court sent Lin Zexu to Guangdong to deal with the ban.
Zhu Shen's character has been found out. How can he write a plaque for the "fierce woman" of a farmer in Gucheng County? According to the Records of Old Cities and Counties, "Cui's wife Liu died at the age of 2 1 and died in Tongzhi for 12 years at the age of 87." It is estimated that Daoguang was twenty-nine years old and Liu was 63 years old. Zhu Shen, then a bachelor of cabinet and assistant minister of rites, was late (in ancient times, the official car was called. Chu Shi, a scholar who has not become a scholar or a hermit, is a scholar who wears clothes. In ancient times, Cui, the wife of the so-called virtuous, demure, proofreading, know life and writer, wrote this plaque, probably because of "working relationship". Because of this practice in the Qing dynasty, anyone who is filial to his wife and daughter, although poor and bitter in remote places, will also be praised to show light.
From the history of this plaque, we can see the bondage of feudal society to women, and regard chastity, "three obedience and four virtues" and "three cardinal guides and five permanents" as respected virtues, which is in sharp contrast to women's liberation and being masters of their own affairs after the founding of New China.