Who invented the pen and the writing brush respectively? What's the story of this pen?

A pen is a writing instrument mainly made of metal. It contains ink (mostly black or blue) through a hollow pen tube, and then writes through a duckbill pen through gravity and capillary action. It can be said that it is a writing tool of western calligraphy. Most pens can be replenished with ink. Generally speaking, vials or straws such as eye drops are used to supplement the kit. The earliest historical record of fountain pen can be traced back to 10 century, and this earliest fountain pen has been used until 18 century. The development process is very slow, however, it was not until the beginning of 19 century that the patent of pen with stable and accelerated flow was invented in the production process. Only three key inventions have made the pen a widely popular writing tool. These inventions are: gold nib made of iridium, hard rubber and free-flowing ink. The first pen using the above three key inventions was made in AD 1850. But it was not until A.D. 1880 that mass production began. Wortmann and Wilt were the main producers at that time. Wortmann later swallowed Wilt. Become a big company specializing in pens. Now it is called the three famous pens in the world with Parker and Montblanc.

Writing depends on the generation of writing brush. The research shows that the writing brush was produced in the Neolithic Age in China, and people in China have used it for thousands of years. Paintings and patterns on painted pottery should be painted on the embryo with brush strokes. Oracle Bone Inscriptions should also write with a brush first, and then carve with sharp tools. However, the earliest kind of writing brush was found in the Chu tomb in the middle of the Warring States period about 2,500 years ago. The earliest tombs where brushes were found were the Chu Tomb of Changtaiguan 1 in Xinyang, Henan Province and the Chu Tomb of Zuojiagongshan in Changsha, Hunan Province. Its unearthed brush is similar to the common brush now, but the pen holder is slender and the nib is 2.5 cm, which is slightly longer than the nib of modern low-profile brush. Its manufacturing method is to wrap bristles around one end of the pen holder and tie them tightly with silk thread. Changsha pen is made of fine rabbit arrow hair, which is equivalent to purple hair of later generations. It is sharp and elastic, just as Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, described it as: "The purple hair nib is like a cone and sharp as a knife." It is precisely because of this kind of brush that we can see that the fonts and strokes on Chu bamboo slips are vigorous and sharp. Changtaiguan 1 Chu Tomb Brush is put in a pencil case with a small copper saw, chisel and knife in the middle. It is conceivable that these bronzes are tools used to finely process bamboo slips and carve triangular notches at braided ropes. A writing brush was also unearthed in the Qin tomb of the Warring States Period in Yunmeng Shuihudi, Hubei Province, but it was different from the above-mentioned writing brush, and it was inserted in the rod cavity, similar to today's writing method. At the same time, the tomb is also equipped with writing tools such as ink and inkstone, which are called "Four Treasures of the Study" in the Warring States period with pens and bamboo slips. Compared with modern Four Treasures of the Study, only paper and paper reflect the differences between ancient and modern times, and the other three are exactly the same. Bamboo slips, Mongolian calligraphy and silk calligraphy are all written with brush, so the strokes are elastic, sharp in starting and ending points and slightly thicker in the middle and front, which fully shows the characteristics of brush. They are different from the dignified form of inscriptions on bronze, and their strokes and styles are simpler than inscriptions on bronze. Therefore, the appearance of writing brush is not only a technological revolution, but also an artistic revolution.