1. Common sense about names and characters
Common sense about names and characters 1. Common sense about names and characters in ancient culture
1. The names of ancient people cannot be named after their relatives. People with the same name, especially elders, must avoid it if they have the same word and change the word, otherwise it will be disrespectful to the elders. Direct ancestors are actually included in this category. If there are the same characters in the names, they must be avoided and changed.
A distinguished person is a noble person, generally referring to one’s superiors and emperors. The characters in their names must not be included in the names. If there are any, they should avoid it and change their names, otherwise they will be easily Wearing small shoes can even lead to death.
2. A word refers to a name other than the original name that expresses virtue or the meaning of the original name. In ancient times, it was inconvenient to call a man 20 years old and a woman 15 years old by their first names. Therefore, another alias related to the meaning of the original name was chosen and called a word to express its virtue. When people call each other respectfully, they must call them virtuous words. The latter word is called table word.
3. Hao refers to what ancient Chinese people called themselves in addition to their names and characters. For example, Su Shi's courtesy name was Zizhan, and his nickname was Dongpo Jushi. The number is mostly given by oneself, but also by others. No connection with names or characters. The way ancient Chinese people called themselves other than names and characters. Abbreviation number. In ancient people's appellation, nicknames were often used as titles.
Extended information:
In ancient times, due to the special emphasis on etiquette, the names and characters were very particular. In interpersonal communication, first names are generally used as modesty, condescension, or as a term of address for superiors versus inferiors, or for seniors versus juniors. Peers only call each other by name when they are familiar with each other. In most cases, it is considered impolite to refer to each other or to be called by his or her first name.
It is considered polite among peers to address each other by name. When you are writing or calling someone from a humble position to a superior, you can use names, but you can never use names, especially the names of the monarch or your own parents and elders. You cannot even mention the names of the monarch or your parents or elders. Otherwise, it will be "disrespectful" or "treasonous". ", so the "taboo" system came into being.
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2. Common sense of ancient Chinese culture about the names and characters of ancient people Relevant principles
Same meaning: that is, the words and names have the same meaning and are connected, and they are in a parallel relationship, so they are also called "parallel expressions".
For example: Qu Ping, whose courtesy name is Yuan. Guangping said Yuan, meaning the same.
Yan Hui, courtesy name Ziyuan. Yuan, backwater, has the same meaning.
Jaiyu, also known as Ziwo. Yu, I also, have the same meaning.
Fan Xu, courtesy name Zi Chi. Xu and Chi both mean "to wait".
Zhang Heng, courtesy name Pingzi. Balance and balance have the same meaning.
Lu You, Zi Wu Guan. You and Guan have the same meaning.
Zeng Gong, courtesy name Zigu. Consolidation and solidification have the same meaning.
Ban Gu, also named Meng Jian. Strong and solid have the same meaning.
Meng Ke, courtesy name Ziyu. Ke and Yu are both chariots.
2. Similar meanings: that is, the words and names have similar meanings, but are not exactly the same. They can assist each other, which is called "auxiliary form". For example: Liang Hong, named Boluan.
Both Luan and Shui are birds, but they are not the same species. Hongyan and Luanfeng can help each other. Lu Ji, courtesy name Shiheng.
Ji and Heng are both star names in Beidou, and they assist each other. Zheng Qiao, Yu Yuzhong.
The woodcutter is a firewood collector, and the fishermen are fishermen. They are often partners and help each other. Li Yu, courtesy name Li Weng.
Fishermen often wear coir raincoats. Chen Lin, courtesy name Kong Zhang.
Lin and Zhang are both jade products and help each other. 3. Opposite meaning: that is, the meaning of the character and the name are opposite. This situation can be called a "contradiction", such as: Zeng Dian, the character Xi.
The spots are black and the skin is white. Zhu Xi, Yu Yuanhui.
Xi is the dawn, and Hui is the night. Liu Guo, the name was changed.
It is not a fault if it is changed. Wang Ji, named Wugong.
Achievements and reactive efforts are exactly the opposite.
4. The meaning is consistent: that is, the word and the name often come from a sentence, the meaning is consistent, and the word supplements or modifies the meaning of the name. In this case, it can be called "expanded", such as: Xu Qian , the word is long.
"Kong Congzi" said: "It is not without its body and stem." The name and the character have the same meaning in one sentence, and the character provides a supplementary explanation to the name.
Cao Cao, also known as Mengde. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning" says: "Life depends on what is, and death depends on what is. This is called morality."
The word and name in one sentence combine to form morality, that is, moral conduct. , the word gives a modified explanation and supplement to the name. Zhao Yun, courtesy name Zilong.
"The Book of Changes" says: "The clouds follow the dragon, the wind follows the tiger." The name and the word are in one sentence, and the meanings are consistent.
Lu Yu, courtesy name Hongjian. "Book of Changes" states: "Hongjian can be used as a ritual in Lu Qiyu."
The word explains the name. Gao Ming, words are sincere.
"Book of Rites" says: "Sincerity means understanding." The name and the word are in one sentence, sincerity is the prerequisite for understanding, and understanding is the consequence of sincerity.
Yu Qian, also known as Tingyi. "Shangshu" says: "Modernness benefits."
The name and the word are in one sentence, modesty is the prerequisite, and benefit is the consequence of modesty. 5. The meaning is extended: that is, the example means an extension of the meaning of the name.
This situation can be called "extended". For example: Li Bai, whose courtesy name is Taibai.
Taibai refers to Taibai Venus, which is an extension of Taiyi. Du Mu, also known as Muzhi.
Mu means herding, which extends the meaning of herding. Yang Da, also known as Shida.
Shida means Shijin, which further extends the meaning of Da. Qiu Xi, courtesy name Yongxi.
Yongxi is the provincial suffix of "Yongxi is hard to grow old". It comes from "The Book of Songs·Song of Lu" and extends the meaning of tin. Lei Jianfu, the character is too simple.
It also extends and emphasizes the concise meaning. /z/q896064219?si=1 There are also names and characters that have the same or similar meanings.
For example: 1. Wang Yanbin, Zi Bian Wen, review? The eldest son, 18 years old,? After his death, he succeeded him as the governor of Quanzhou for 26 years. During his tenure, the army and the people were prosperous, singing and dancing were at peace, and "the cultural relics were the best among the ten countries".
Bin, elegant appearance; the word is similar to the name, and they complement each other. 2. Chen Hongjin, whose courtesy name was Jichuan, was a member of the Xianyou family. He was a general who stayed in the army and was known for his talents and bravery.
After his death, Hong Jin succeeded the Qingyuan Army as the Jiedu Envoy and was in charge of Quan and Zhang. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, Xianquan and Zhang were granted the title of Wuning Army Jiedu Envoy and Tongping Zhangshi. Hong means big water; Jichuan means Jishui, the ancient name of water.
"Shui Jing Zhu·Jishui": "Jishui is connected to the north and the flood is on the right." The word is similar to the name.
3. Zeng Gongliang, named Mingzhong, was born in Quanzhou and was a prime minister in the Song Dynasty. His name "Liang" has the same meaning as the word "Ming", which means he has a clear mind and a bright mind.
4. Chen Congyi, courtesy name Jianfu, was born in Quanzhou. He was an official at Zuo Jianyi and a bachelor of Longtuge. The word and name are close, and Jian (simple) and Yi (easy) are often linked together in words.
Names and characters also have opposite meanings. For example: 1. Zhu Xi, whose courtesy name was Yuanhui, was born in Wuyuan. He was an educator and Neo-Confucian master in the Southern Song Dynasty. He once served as the registrar of Tong'an County in Quanzhou and came to Quanzhou several times to give lectures and establish academies.
"Xi" means dawn and light; "Hui" means night and darkness. The name is exactly the opposite of the word.
2. Kanglang, with a obscure word, was from Hui'an and was the deputy censor of the Ming Dynasty. As an official, he was "as strict as Bao Xiaosu (Bao Zheng) and as loyal as Sima Junshi (Sima Guang)". Its name "Lang" (bright) is opposite to the word "Hui" (dark) in opposite meanings.
3. Zhang Ruitu, with no painting characters, was from Jinjiang and prime minister of the Ming Dynasty. He was good at calligraphy and landscape painting. Its name is "Rui Tu", which means "auspicious painting", but the opposite meaning is taken from "Wuhua".
The ancients usually used one character for each person's name, but in some cases, they also had one character for each person. For example: Quanzhou Zhizhou Zhendexiu in the Southern Song Dynasty was named Jingyuan, Jingxi, and Xiyuan; Zhan Yangpi, the left minister of the Ministry of Justice in the Ming Dynasty, was born in Anxi, and was named Ruqin and Erqin; Wan Zhengse, the admiral of Fujian in the Ming Dynasty, was born in Quanzhou. The word is Weigao, and the word is Zhongan.
When choosing characters, the ancients often added "Bo, Zhong, Shu, Ji" before (or after) the characters to indicate the order of ranking. For example: Liuzheng, the prime minister of the three dynasties of Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong of the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Yongchun, with the courtesy name Zhongzhi, and his prefix was "Zhong" to indicate his ranking; Zeng Gongliang, the second son of Zeng Hui, the Duke of Chu in the Song Dynasty, had the courtesy name "Ming" added after "Ming" "Zhong" means that he ranks second; Wang Shen (?, brother Chao, younger brother Shenzhi, ranks second, so the word "Du" is preceded by "Ci".
Sometimes, the man is still there Adding "husband, fu, father, son" after the character indicates the gender. For example: Cai Qing, a famous figure in ancient Quanzhou and the master of Neo-Confucianism of the "Qingyuan School" in the Ming Dynasty, was named Jiefu; the Ming thinker Li Zhi was named Hongfu; the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, Liang Kejia, was named Hongfu. Uncle.
After the Tang Dynasty, it was popular for people with status to take "Hao" in addition to their names and characters. Hao is another name for a person, and most of them have no meaningful connection with their names and characters. p>
Names and characters are determined by parents and cannot reflect their own income. Therefore, dignitaries, scholars and literati often use nicknames to express their ideals, interests, temperament, hobbies, expertise and situations. For example: Song Dynasty. Wang Shipeng, the magistrate of Quanzhou, had the courtesy name Guiling and the nickname Meixi; Zhuang Jichang, the champion of the Ming Dynasty, was born in Jinjiang, with the courtesy name Jingshuo and Gengruo; the national hero Zheng Chenggong in the late Ming Dynasty was born in Nan'an, formerly known as Sen, with the courtesy name Mingyan and the nickname Damu; Qing Prime Minister Li Guangdi was born in Anxi
And Zhu Xi.
3. Knowledge about the names and names of ancient men.
Cao Cao, also named Mengde. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning" says: "Life depends on what is, and death depends on what is. This is called morality." In one sentence, the word and name combine to form morality, that is, moral conduct, and the word modifies the name. Explanation and supplement.
Qu Ping, courtesy name "Guang Ping Yu Yuan" has the same meaning.
Lu You, courtesy name Wu Guan. You and Guan have the same meaning.
Wang Zhihuan, also known as Wang Zhihuan, is named Ji Ling. Ji represents the fourth order among brothers.
Huan: disappear, disperse, ice. Melting. Ling: Bing.
Yan Shu, the word "Shu" has the opposite meaning to "Tong", ranking third.
Zhu Xi, Yu Yuanhui. The sky is bright and the night is dark.
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4. Chinese knowledge questions
Cao Cao’s name and character are taken from ancient books: Cao Cao’s courtesy name is Meng De. "De" and "CAo" come from the sentence "What is called virtue" in "Xunzi". The word and name are combined in one sentence, which is moral conduct, and the word is a modified explanation and supplement to the name.
Qu Ping, whose name is Yuan. Guangping means Yuan, which means the same.
Tao Yuanming, also known as Qian, has the character Yuan Liang, which means Qian and Yuan, and the other means Ming and Liang. , one is light
Du Fu, whose courtesy name is Zimei, "Fu" refers to a handsome and outstanding man. "Zi" means an honorific for others. "Zimei" means that this person is very handsome, which means "Fu". "So Du Fu's name and character are corresponding
Meng Jiao's word is Dongye, Jiao and Ye are synonyms
Bai Juyi's word is Letian, "Letian" is the condition of "Juyi", only "Letian" "Talent" Juyi,
Li Yu's character emphasizes light, "Yu" has "fire", and "fire" can see "light"
Wang Anshi, Zi Jiefu, Fu Tong "Pu" is a close meaning of Anshi and Jiefu. The meanings of names and characters complement each other.
Lu You, the concept of calligraphy. You and Guan have the same meaning.
Wang Zhihuan, courtesy name Ji Ling. Ji represents the order among brothers, the fourth. Huan: disappear, disperse, ice melts. Ling: Ice.
Yan Shu's name is the same as uncle, but different; the same as the same; (Uncle, ranked 3)
Zhu Xi, Yu Yuanhui. Xi is the dawn, Hui is the night.
5. The relationship between the names and characters of the ancients
1. The same meaning: that is, the characters and names have the same meaning and are connected, which is a parallel relationship, so it is also called "parallel formula". Such as:
Qu Ping, whose courtesy name is Yuan. Guangping said Yuan, meaning the same.
Yan Hui, courtesy name Ziyuan. Yuan, backwater, has the same meaning.
Jaiyu, also known as Ziwo.
Yu, I also, have the same meaning.
Fan Xu, courtesy name Zi Chi. Xu and Chi both mean "to wait".
Zhang Heng, courtesy name Pingzi. Balance and balance have the same meaning.
Lu You, Zi Wu Guan. You and Guan have the same meaning.
Zeng Gong, courtesy name Zigu. Consolidation and solidification have the same meaning.
Ban Gu, also named Meng Jian. Strong and solid have the same meaning.
Meng Ke, courtesy name Ziyu. Ke and Yu are both chariots.
2. Similar meanings: that is, the words and names have similar meanings, but are not exactly the same. They can assist each other, which is called "auxiliary form". Such as:
Liang Hong, whose courtesy name is Boluan. Luan and phoenix are both birds, but they are not the same species. Hongyan and Luanfeng can help each other.
Lu Ji, courtesy name Shiheng. Ji and Heng are both star names in Beidou, and they assist each other.
Zheng Qiao, Yu Yuzhong. The woodcutter is a firewood collector, and the fisherman is a fisherman. They are often partners and help each other.
Li Yu, courtesy name Li Weng. Fishermen often wear coir raincoats.
Chen Lin, also known as Kong Zhang. Lin and Zhang are both jade products and help each other.
3. Opposite meaning: that is, the meaning of the word and the name are opposite. This situation can be called a "contradiction", such as:
Zeng Dian, the word Xi. The spots are black and the skin is white.
Zhu Xi, Yu Yuanhui. Xi is the dawn, Hui is the night.
Liu Guo, the name was changed. It's not a fault if you change it.
Wang Ji, whose name is Wu Gong. Achievements and reactive efforts are exactly the opposite.
4. The meaning is consistent: that is, the word and the name often come from a sentence, the meaning is consistent, and the word is a supplementary explanation or modification of the meaning of the name. This situation can be called "expansion" Style", such as:
Xu Qian has a long and long character. "Kong Congzi" said: "It is not that the body is great." The name and the character have the same meaning in one sentence, and the character provides a supplementary explanation to the name.
Cao Cao, also known as Mengde. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning" says: "Life depends on what is, and death depends on what is. This is called morality." In one sentence, the word and name combine to form morality, that is, moral conduct, and the word modifies the name. Explanations and additions.
Zhao Yun, courtesy name Zilong. "Book of Changes" says: "The clouds follow the dragon, the wind follows the tiger." The names and characters in one sentence have the same meaning.
Lu Yu, courtesy name Hongjian. "Book of Changes" states: "Hongjian can be used as a ritual in Lu Qiyu." This word explains the name.
Be wise and sincere in your words. "Book of Rites" says: "Sincerity means understanding." The name and the word are in one sentence, sincerity is the prerequisite for understanding, and understanding is the consequence of sincerity.
Yu Qian, also known as Tingyi. "Shangshu" says: "Modernness benefits." The name and the word are in one sentence, modesty is the prerequisite, and benefit is the consequence of modesty.
5. The meaning is extended: that is, the example means an extension of the meaning of the name. This situation can be called "extension". Such as:
Li Bai, also known as Taibai. Taibai refers to Taibai Venus, which is an extension of Taiyi.
Du Mu, also known as Muzhi. Muzhi means grazing, which extends the meaning of animal husbandry.
Yang Da, also known as Shida. Shi Da means Shi Jin, which further extends the meaning of Da.
Qiu Xi, whose courtesy name is Yongxi. Yongxi is the provincial suffix of "Yongxi is hard to grow old". It comes from "The Book of Songs·Song of Lu" and extends the meaning of tin.
Lei Jianfu’s character is too simple. It also extends the emphasis on simplicity.
6. The names and characters of the ancients
It is said that in ancient times, babies were named by their fathers when they were three months old. This is the origin of the "name" of the ancients. In fact, among the Chinese people, some areas still retain the custom of naming babies when they are one month old. However, the right to name is no longer held by the father alone, but by the baby's relatives. Interestingly, in ancient times, when a boy reached the age of 20, he would have a "hair-tying and crowning" ceremony to show that he was an adult. When a girl reaches the age of 15, she must hold a ceremony of "tying her hair and adding a knot" to show that she is ready to marry. At this time, she also needs to pick her name. It can be seen that in ancient times, both men and women had their own prefixes. For example, the modern female revolutionary Qiu Jin had the prefix Xuanqing.
So is there any connection between the names and characters of ancient people? It is generally believed that there is a meaningful connection between the names and characters of ancient people. One situation is when the name and character have the same or similar meaning. For example, Qu Yuan, whose name was Ping and whose courtesy name was Yuan. ("Erya Shidi": "Guangping said Yuan.") Another example is Yue Fei, whose courtesy name is Pengju. "Pengju" means the great roc spreading its wings and flying high. Another situation is when the name and the word have opposite meanings. For example, Zeng Dian has the character Xi. ("Shuowen": "Dian means little black." And "Xi means white.") Of course, with the development of history, the semantics of many words have changed, and it is difficult to see the semantic connection between ancient people's names and characters. come out. But as long as you are a thoughtful person, you can still taste the names and characters of many sages
7. What is the relationship between "name" and "character" in ancient China
Name[ Edit this paragraph] The concept of name
A person’s title. A combination of name and character. In ancient China, names and characters were used separately. Today, collectively referred to as "name", it refers to a name or given name. See "Crown Ceremony" and "Hairhair Ceremony".
A name is a form of appellation and a representative of a person.
It is said that in ancient times, babies were named by their fathers when they were three months old. This is the origin of the "name" of the ancients. In fact, among the Chinese people, some areas still retain the custom of naming babies when they are one month old. However, the right to name is no longer held by the father alone, but by the baby's relatives. Interestingly, in ancient times, when a boy reached the age of 20, he would have a "hair-tying and crowning" ceremony to show that he was an adult. When a girl reaches the age of 15, she must hold a ceremony of "tying her hair and adding a knot" to show that she is ready to get married. At this time, she also needs to pick her name. It can be seen that in ancient times, both men and women had their own prefixes. For example, the modern female revolutionary Qiu Jin had the prefix Xuanqing.
So is there any connection between the names and characters of ancient people? It is generally believed that there is a meaningful connection between the names and characters of ancient people. One situation is when the name and character have the same or similar meaning. For example, Qu Yuan, whose name was Ping and whose courtesy name was Yuan. ("Erya Shidi": "Guangping said Yuan.") Another example is Yue Fei, whose courtesy name is Pengju. "Pengju" means the great roc spreading its wings and flying high. Another situation is when the name and the word have opposite meanings. For example, Zeng Dian has the character Xi. ("Shuowen": "Dian means little black." And "Xi means white.") Of course, with the development of history, the semantics of many words have changed, and it is difficult to see the semantic connection between ancient people's names and characters. come out. However, as long as you are a thoughtful person, there are still many sages whose names and characters can be tasted.
A name is the code name of an unknown item. Only with a name can you accurately point out an item. Otherwise, the item will not be distinguished. Only with names can we live with more temperament.
The detailed origins and customs of Chinese names:
According to the records in the "Book of Rites: Nei Principles", it can be seen that in ancient times, a baby was officially given a "name" by his father three months after he was born. . This is probably because medical and health conditions were poor in the past, and the elders would only officially give the child a "name" after it was three months old and certain that it would survive. "Name" is used to address parents at home when they are young. It is usually called "nickname", or "baby name" or "baby name". In the pre-Qin era, people's "names" may not be taboo with elegance and vulgarity. For example: Duke Cheng of Jin was named Heibu, Duke Cheng of Lu was named Heihu, Duke Huan of Qi was named Xiaobai...
"Name" and "Zi" , usually "character" is derived from "name", and its meaning is inseparably related. "Bai Hu Tong: Names" says: "Someone who has a character named after his or her name. If he is famous, he will know his character, and if he hears the character, he will know his name." Generally speaking, we can roughly divide it into the following seven categories:
1. Synonyms and mutual training. Names and characters have the same meaning and can explain each other. For example: Zhuge Liang, also known as Kong Ming; "Liang" and "Ming" are synonymous
2. Antonyms and opposites. The meanings of names and characters are opposite, and they correspond to each other. This is to hope that people will not go beyond or fall short of, and to use checks and balances. For example: Lien Chan, courtesy name Yongping
3. Use allusions and things. Some names and characters are quoted from classics and historical records and use allusions. For example: Lu Yu, named Hongjian ("Yi Jian Gua": "Hongjian is in Lu, and his feathers can be used as Yuyi")
4. Respect the predecessors. For example: Niu Sengru, whose courtesy name is Shi'an (Ji An, whose courtesy name is Changru, was praised by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty as a minister of the country)
5. Advocate for religion.
For example: Wang Wei, whose courtesy name is Mojie (Vimalakirti, the name of the Buddhist Bodhisattva)
6. Changes in the original name. Just make some simple changes to the name and it becomes a word. For example: Li Bai, whose courtesy name is Taibai
7. Record the prosperity of his life. Some people's names and characters are simply meaningless. For example: Zhang Lei, whose courtesy name is Wenqian; if it weren't for the record in Volume 4 of Lu You's "Notes of Laoxue'an": "Zhang Wenqian had a writing in his hand when he was born, and it was called Lei, so he named it Wenqian." No one would have guessed. The connection in the sense of the name
In addition to expressing the title, the name and the character can also show the kinship relationship. The most common form is: brothers and sisters use one character in their names to express their peer relationship; if it is a single name, they use the same radical, such as brothers Su Shi and Su Che. In addition, the name can also express the ranking of eldest and youngest. In the pre-Qin period, Meng (Bo, Chang), Zhong, Shu and Ji were often added before the name to express this. For example: Meng Jiangnu; Kongqiu, courtesy name Zhongni; Boyi and Shuqi both Kunzhong. In the Tang Dynasty, it was represented by numbers, called Xingdi (big ranking). For example, "Du Er" in Gao Shi's "The Supplements to Du Er" by Renri refers to Du Fu, "Yuan Jiu" in Bai Juyi's "Yu Yuan Jiu Shu" refers to Yuan Zhen, and Han Yu's "Ji Shi Twelve Lang Wen" etc. are all named after him. Names represent the order of elders and younger ones.