"The most philosophical typo-'Liu'";
In Pingshan Hall, daming temple, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, there is a plaque of "the prodigal son" written by Liu Kunyi, governor of the two rivers in the early years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. It is said that it was written by Liu Kunyi in memory of Ouyang Xiu, an official in Yangzhou. There are two typos in the word "romance": less "flow" and more "present". (See Figure 1)
What's going on here? It turns out that Ouyang Xiu, a famous historical figure, was a "romantic satrap" when he was in Yangzhou, and he did many affairs under the pomegranate skirt of Yangzhou beauty, with all kinds of amorous feelings and excellent colors and arts.
It goes without saying that Liu Kunyi deliberately wrote less "flow" and more "presence" in "Romantic". He wants to be less romantic and more realistic, which is very philosophical. At the same time, it points out Ouyang Xiu's misconduct in those years. Such a statement is just right, and no one has gossiped so far. ...
Don't! I will talk about it today, and I will thoroughly clean up the above rumors and slanders against the ancient sages!
Friends who are familiar with history know that Ouyang Xiu was a famous writer, historian and politician in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was loyal to the country, outspoken and remonstrant, repeatedly offended powerful people, and his career was ups and downs. In the fifth year of Li Qing (1045), Ouyang Xiu was demoted as the magistrate of Chuzhou and later changed to Yangzhou because of his participation in the "Qingli New Deal" promoted by Fan Zhongyan and others.
Ouyang Xiu devoted himself to being a landlord, a herdsman and a general teacher in Yangzhou, which made Yangzhou a harmonious climate. In his spare time, he also sent his love to mountains and rivers, visited secluded places, built Pingshan Hall in Shugang outside Yangzhou as a place for lectures and banquets, and planted "Ou Gong Liu" in front of the hall. There is a passage in which Chao Zhongcuo left his rambling article in Yangzhou: "Pingshan railing leans against the clear sky, and there are both mountains and mountains." I planted the willow tree in front of the court myself for many years. My favorite article is written by the governor. It is a long text. Let's have a drink. Eat and drink, be young. " In the middle school, Wang Wei's phrase "the mountains are both there and not there" describes the wonderful scenery from Pingshan Hall to the four fields. "weeping willows in front of the hall" implicitly uses Tao Yuanming's allusion to "Mr. Wuliu" to express his desire to retire.
Ouyang Xiu was an official in Yangzhou for less than 1 year, but he left endless wealth. The Pingshan Hall where he sang, as well as his moral articles and talents, have been admired and praised by future generations for nearly a thousand years. Therefore, Liu Kunyi's theme of "verve" has absolutely no meaning of "drunkenness", and can only express his admiration and nostalgia for Ou Gong, and express the author's subjective feelings after visiting Pingshan Hall-Ouyang Xiu's romantic poetry wine seems to be still in sight today.
So, why did Liu Kunyi write less "Liu" and more "Zai"? In fact, this is the normal writing of calligraphy, not a typo.
Fig. 2: Regular script of the official script of Xiao Zhuan in bronze inscriptions.
First, let's look at the word "flow" without adding it. The following is the glyph evolution of "Liu": (see Figure 2)
The word "Liu" first appeared in bronze inscriptions. From its inscriptions on bronze, big seal and small seal, we can see that the upper right part of the word "Liu" is a head-down "Zi". Today there are official script, regular script and so on. There are two ways to write it: plus points and no points. The Book of Manna in Tang Dynasty shows that the former is normal and the latter is vulgar. But in actual writing, this unadorned vulgar "flow" is more favored by the ancients. For example, the word "Liu" in Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting, the word "Liu" in Jiuchenggong Liquan Ming and the word "Liu" in Poems of Falling Flowers are not added.
Figure 3: (Northern Wei Dynasty)? (Southern Song Dynasty) (Tang Dynasty) Li Shimin (Yuan Dynasty) Zhao Mengfu
Gaoqing Monument? Dragon Monument, Jinci Inscription, Han Ji 'an Biography.
As for adding the word "zai", it is also very common in ancient inscriptions (see Figure 3), and it has no meaning. Whether to add or not depends entirely on the actual needs of the writer. The reason why the word "zhong" is added is mainly to play the role of collecting pens, which echoes the three words on the right.
In addition, from the semantic analysis, the above statement about "romance" is also full of loopholes. As we know, the meaning of the word "romance" is very different in ancient times and modern times. In ancient times, "romantic" mostly refers to the talent and appearance of scholar-officials, such as "real celebrities are romantic", but in modern Chinese there is no meaning of "debauchery between men and women". But "Shi" is a radical phrase, with "Shi" as the central word, and the word "zai" only plays the role of filling syllables. Therefore, we can think of the meaning of "reality" through a word "reality", but there is only one word "being", which can never be associated with "reality". Therefore, the so-called "less romance, more truth" is completely fabricated and joked by good people out of thin air!