Throughout the countries and families of the sages,
From frugality to luxury.
Why do you need amber as a pillow?
Is the real pearl a car?
It doesn't conform to Qinghai horse,
It is difficult to pull out the snake in Shushan.
Several people have been to Nanxun,
Finally, Cui Hua was crying.
Li Shangyin (about 8 13—— about 858) was born in Hanoi, Tang Huai Prefecture. In the cracks between cronies, his career was frustrated, he was down and out all his life, and died of depression at the age of 45. He was a star in the poetry circle in the late Tang Dynasty and had a great influence on the creation of Quincy's poetry in the early Song Dynasty.
Commentary: This poem profoundly summarizes the experience and lessons of the rise and fall of dynasties, and tells the epigram of "frugality and extravagance", which is worth pondering. If we can build the country and manage the family diligently, the wind of honesty will prevail, the country will be strong and families will flourish.
In the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin's seven-character epic poem is unique. These express the poet's inner feelings through unique artistic skills and metaphorical sustenance, forming Li Shangyin's unique style of chanting history.
The artistic skills of Li Shangyin's seven-character epic are: 1, selecting typical historical events and scenes, combining narration with discussion, and taking history as a mirror; 2. The ingenious combination of historical stories and myths and legends reveals pungent ridicule in deep and implicit brushstrokes; 3. From the loom, the public reason is new; 4. Through the changes of historical rise and fall, show the laws and lessons of historical evolution and express profound historical feelings; 5, carefully select materials, see the big from the small, and know the whole leopard from a glimpse; 6. Make good use of allusions.
Keywords: Li Shangyin's artistic skills, seven epic poems in the late Tang Dynasty
Li Shangyin is second to none in the poetry circles in the late Tang Dynasty. He can show rich and colorful real life with a keen political vision and create a new way of poetry art in a delicate emotional way.
Li Shangyin experienced the six dynasties of Xianzong, Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wenzong, Wuzong and Xuanzong in the late Tang Dynasty, and witnessed the irreversible decline and decline of the once prosperous and powerful Tang Empire. Out of concern for the fate of the country, Li Shangyin is worried about the extravagance of the supreme ruler, the tyranny of the villain and the decline of the country. He expressed his disappointment and sadness through his poems, especially his seven poems about history. Most of these poems are written figuratively, which forms Li Shangyin's unique style of chanting epic poems.
First, select typical historical events and scenes, combine narrative and discussion, and learn from history.
Faced with the extravagance of feudal rulers, they indulged in debauchery and did not serve state affairs, and the country's situation was declining and the country was crumbling. Li Shangyin's heart is full of disappointment and sadness. He hates the ruler very much. I can't explain this emotional inconvenience at that time. Therefore, Li Shangyin had to recall the past. Use this to insinuate current events and learn from the past. Such as "Two Poems of Northern Qi Dynasty":
Once the king was fascinated by beauty, he sowed the seeds of national subjugation and began to lament with thorns in his palace.
When the northern Zhou army entered the palace that night, the battle report of the northern Zhou army advancing to Jinyang has been issued. ( 1)
A clever smile can tell that the enemy can compete with thousands of machines, and the whole city had better wear military uniforms.
Yang had fallen far behind the left, and Maple flew to ask the left to go hunting again. (2)
In these two poems, the poet satirizes those in power through the historical fact that Gao Wei, the queen of the Northern Qi Dynasty, loved Feng and died. According to the Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty, in 577 AD, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty attacked Jinyang and then marched on Yecheng, the capital of Qi. After the Northern Qi Dynasty, Gao Wei was captured by Zhou Shi, and the Northern Qi Dynasty perished. In these two poems, the poet selected typical historical events and scenes, commented on historical facts, and showed profound implications in vivid and concrete images and strong color contrast, so as to draw lessons from the past.
2. The ingenious combination of historical stories and myths and legends reveals bitter irony in deep and implicit brushstrokes.
In Taoist legends, the Queen Mother of the West has love stories with Zhou Muwang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the Queen Mother of the West. Both Zhou Muwang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were superstitious about elixir of life. It is said that Zhou Muwang also ate the flat peaches and nectar given to him by the Queen Mother of the West, but in the end no one escaped the fate of death. In the love between the Queen Mother of the West, Zhou Muwang and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it is inseparable from seeking immortality. Li Shangyin's Yaochi: "Grandma Yaochi's window is open, and Huang Zhu mourns. Eight gentlemen go to Wan Li every day, why doesn't Mu Wang come back? " Based on the legend of their love, it satirizes their vanity and absurdity of pursuing immortality. In the ingenious conception, the theme of the poem is completely melted in the image description of the Queen Mother of the West and the ponder of her psychological activities. Euphemism has a sharp irony, especially when the poem ends in the form of cross-examination, which is thought-provoking and memorable. Another example is Han Gong Ci:
The bluebird flies west and does not return, and the king and the king are in Lingtai.
Courtiers are the most thirsty, and they don't give a cup to the golden stem.
Poetry satirizes the fatuity of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty by borrowing the historical story that he was superstitious about seeking immortality but didn't know how to cherish talents. Wuzong lived in Huichang for five years, and built a lookout in Sendai, a southern suburb, to feed and seek immortality. Poets, on the other hand, are eager for career advancement, and often take Sima Xiangru as their responsibility, but they don't meet each other, so they are extremely dissatisfied with Tang Wuzong's fatuity and lack of talent. In the poem, the poet skillfully weaves historical stories with myths and legends, satirizes Tang Wuzong tactfully, euphemistically expresses what is inconvenient to say but can't be said, and reveals bitter satire in deep and implicit brushstrokes. This writing is the concrete expression of Li Shangyin's poetic style of "deep sustenance and gentle wording".
Third, take the opportunity to change the old into the new.
Among Li Shangyin's seven epic poems, there are also many works that renovate historical themes and bring forth new ones. According to historical records, Jia Yi was demoted to Changsha by Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty as a teacher of Changsha, and was later recalled by Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty to be held in the propaganda room. The two chatted until late at night, and they chatted speculatively. Emperor Wendi moved his seat closer to Jia Yi. Many scholars regard this as the grand occasion of the meeting between the monarch and the minister, but Li Shangyin found a new way. "Jia was even more incoherent when the publicity room asked for talent to visit. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. "("Jia Sheng ") grasps the exposition of Emperor Wendi and Jia about" Don't ask ordinary people to ask ghosts and gods "and excavates a new and thought-provoking exposition. From then on, he satirized the so-called "seeking the virtuous" and "visiting and chasing" of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, and also satirized the emperors of his time, thus implicitly revealing his own untimely feelings.
Fourth, through the changes of historical rise and fall, we can show the laws and lessons of historical evolution and express profound historical feelings.
Li Shangyin's epics are often different from those of his predecessors, expressing "nostalgia". Instead, they pointed the finger at Chen and criticized the times with historical lessons. On the history of "Wu Gong": "The dragon threshold is heavy and the water is clear, and the forbidden door is hidden deep. Wu Wang's banquet is full, and Shui Piao is blooming at sunset. " This poem, intoxicated by the banquet of the king of Wu and the deep silence of the palace gate, shows the sign that Wu will die. After the defeat of the State of Yue, the State of Wu was fatuous and promiscuous, and eventually returned to China. This poem describes the sunset scene of Wu Palace from the side, which contains profound historical lessons and gives people endless thinking. Another example is "Ode to an Epic":
The water at the southern foot of Beihu Lake is long and the flag is white.
In these three hundred years, I had the same dream. Where is the dragon brand in Zhongshan?
Starting from the immediate scene, this poem shows the historical rise and fall of Jinling from Sun Wu to Liang Chendu for 300 years through concrete images, and expresses the poet's feelings about the historical rise and fall, thus satirizing the country where the rulers are extravagant.
Others such as:
Yongshou soldiers came at night, and Jinlian did not copy the atrium.
Brother Liang is on the night shift, and the wandering wind is nine bells. (opening words)
On the mountain, I left the palace and went upstairs. In front of the building, the river flows by the palace.
Chu Tian Huang Yu, Song Yu has no worries and worries about himself. (Chu Ling)
Fifth, carefully select materials, see the big from the small, and know the whole leopard from a glimpse.
Li Shangyin has written poems many times, sharply satirizing and reprimanding the emperor's extravagance. "If he meets, there will be chaos in the world, and the later Emperor Chen, do you think they will mention a" Garden Flower "? Yang Di spent most of his fourteen years in power on pleasure. From the first year of Daye to the twelfth year, I visited Jiangdu three times, and each time I took hundreds of thousands of people by luxury dragon boat. This fleet is about 200 miles long, which puts a heavy burden on people along the way. Li Shangyin often uses typical methods to expose and reprimand this kind of behavior, and carefully selects materials, such as his Sui Palace: "If you make an expedition to the south on a whim, who will save the admonition book?" Spring breeze cuts palace brocade all over the country, half of which is mud and half is sail. The poet seized several typical events from Yang Disan's visit to Jiangdu, and in a short space, profoundly exposed the reactionary nature of Sui Yangpu's extravagance and waste, and entrapped the people. In narrative, the author focuses on the big picture, puts pen to paper, and uses the general brushwork of alternating reality and reality to achieve the artistic effect of seeing the whole leopard at a glance. This kind of writing is not uncommon in Li Shangyin's seven-character epic poem.
In addition, making good use of allusions is another artistic skill of Li Shangyin's seven-character epic.
As an outstanding poet, Li Shangyin has an important position and influence in the history of China's poetry, and one of the factors that laid his representative position in the late Tang Dynasty is his four-character poems. Li Shangyin used his own artistic practice to contribute to the poetry circle in the late Tang Dynasty, which is not inferior in the whole history of China poetry. As the main form of Li Shangyin's poems, seven-character quatrains also have unique value in the whole history of China's poetry development.