Li Yu (937-978), or Empress Li, was the last monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu, who had no political achievements, was captured by the Northern Song Dynasty after the fall of the Southern Tang Dynasty, but he became the leader of China. The leading poet in history, he is known as the Saint of Ci, and his works have been passed down through the ages.
Li Yu was "a benevolent and filial man, good at writing, good at calligraphy and painting, and had a large forehead, long teeth, and a pair of pupils". He was the sixth son of Li Jing, Yuanzong of the Southern Tang Dynasty (the central leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty).
In 961, the second year of Jianlong of the Song Dynasty, Li Jing moved the capital to Nanchang and established Li Yu as the prince to supervise the country, ordering him to stay in Jinling. After Li Jing died in June, Li Yu ascended the throne in Jinling. Li Yu "has an arrogant and extravagant nature, is sensual, and likes to be illustrious. He only cares about high-minded talk and has no regard for political affairs." He believed deeply in Buddhism and "loved pagodas, pagodas and temples, and there was no chance of saving monks and nuns. After going out of court, he often built Buddhist houses and worshiped in various forms, which was quite a waste of political affairs." Religion was promoted in the palace and in the country, and Buddhist services were even used in military and state affairs. To prove it, I wear cassocks and recite Buddhist scriptures every day. Until the Song army came to the city, Li Yu was still listening to the monks chanting sutras at Jingju Temple.
Li Yu’s title: Han Gan’s painting illuminates the night white
After the Song army destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty in 971, Li Yu, in order to show that he would not resist the Song Dynasty, proclaimed himself a minister to the Song Dynasty and changed his name to The lord of Jiangnan.
In 973, Song Taizu ordered Li Yu to go to Bianjing, but Li Yu refused to go because he was ill. Song Taizu then sent Cao Bin to lead the army to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty.
In December 974, Cao Bin captured Jinling and the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed. Li Yu reigned for fifteen years and was known as the Empress Li and the Empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
After Li Yu was captured in 975, he was named a Disobedient Marquis in Bianjing and worshiped General Zuo Qianniuwei.
In 976, Song Taizu died violently. His younger brother Zhao Guangyi succeeded to the throne as Song Taizong and was renamed Long Guogong. He wrote to someone in the old palace of Jinling: "Wash your face with tears every day and night." Song people's notes said that Zhao Guangyi raped Xiao Zhouhou many times. In his pain and depression, Li Yu wrote famous songs such as "Looking to the South of the Yangtze River", "Midnight Song", and "Poppy Beauty".
In 978, Xu Xuan visited Li Yu on the order of Song Taizong. Li Yu sighed to Xu Xuan: "I killed Pan You and Li Ping by mistake, and I regret it endlessly!". Xu Xuan retreated and informed him. Song Taizong was furious when he heard this. According to historical records, on the seventh day of July in the third year of the lunar calendar (August 13, 978), the Chinese Valentine's Day, when Li Yu had a gathering with his concubines on his 42nd birthday, Li Yu died at the age of 42. When it was said that Li Yu had written poems such as "The motherland cannot bear to look back" and "A river of spring water flows eastward", Song Taizong could no longer tolerate it and used the opportunity to poison him. The trigger medicine, or the traditional Chinese medicine Nux Vomica, destroys the central nervous system after taking it, causing convulsions all over the body, the head and feet shrinking together, and the condition is extremely painful. After Li Yu's death, he was buried in Beimang Mountain, Luoyang. Xiao Zhouhou was distraught and died soon after.
Li Yu was "born in a deep palace and grew up in the hands of women". He was "forgiving in nature and never obeyed orders". He was fond of abstaining from killing. After his death, people in the south of the Yangtze River heard about it and "everyone cried in the streets." For fasting”.
Li Yu has high achievements in art. Liu Yupan said about Empress Li: "When he was rich, he could speak words of wealth, and when he was miserable, he could speak words of sorrow, and every word was true."
Li Yu's poems before the fall of the country reveal the rich and luxurious palace life. , the words are warm, soft and beautiful, and they are close to each other, showing the atmosphere of "words between flowers".
Li Yu's calligraphy: "Enter the country to know the teachings" (part)
After the fall of the country, Li Yu's poems in his later years wrote about the hatred of his family and country, which expanded the theme of his poems. His emotions were deep and his poems were enriched. Tragic.
The biggest feature of Li Yu's poetry is that it is natural and sincere, mellow and sincere, and has sincere emotions. He likes to use line drawing techniques, which are popular and vivid, and his language is concise, clear and clean, close to spoken language. It is completely different from the style of "Huajian Ci", which is rich in gold and green, and piled with gorgeous words.
Due to the great changes in life, Li Yu's later poetry made the king of the subjugated country become the "King of the South" in the world of poetry through the ages with one swan song after another that wept with blood. It is precisely "the country is unlucky and the poet is lucky, and his words reflect the vicissitudes of life and begin to work." These later poems are desolate and tragic, with profound artistic conception. They are great masters in the history of poems that connect the past and the future. As for the clarity of its sentences and the harmony of its phonology, it is unprecedented.
Li Yu's poems got rid of the frivolousness of "The Collection of Flowers". His poems are not artificial, with bright language, vivid images, distinctive characters, and sincere feelings. His works after the fall of the country are even more broad in subject matter and profound in meaning. , surpassed the late Tang and Five Dynasties in poetry, and not only became the founder of the graceful style of poetry in the early Song Dynasty, but also laid the foundation for the bold style of poetry. Later generations honored him as the "Sage of Ci".
"The First Collection of Yuyincong Hua? The Poetry of the Western Qing Dynasty" mentioned that after Song Taizu conquered the Southern Tang Dynasty and unified China, he sighed: "If Li Yu manages the country by composing poetry, how can he be captured by me!"
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Among the poems written by later generations in memory of Li Yu, Yuan Mei of the Qing Dynasty cited "Miscellaneous Songs of the Southern Tang Dynasty" as the most famous: "To be a talented person is really peerless, but to be a king is pitiful and unlucky." (Compilation of Internet information)
Sixteen preserved poems by Li Yu, the empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty
Occasionally written on September 10th
When I wake up from the late rain and autumn wine, my mood is hard to calm down. The yellow flowers are neglected, and the red leaves are rustling with the sound of drums.
After turning away from the world, I can hate the vulgarity, but I still remember my passion by chance. Ever since my temples turned gray, I didn't learn from An Ren but I was shocked.
Autumn Warbler
The remnant warbler doesn’t know what’s going on in autumn, and is still wandering alone across the secluded forest. The old tongue listens in all kinds of ways, and a dark yellow point enters the smoke stream.
Qi Chi turned his back on the world and felt the same sadness as Lu, and his eyes were as bright as a sheng in pieces. Don't linger any longer to go back, the dew flowers are desolate and cold, and the polygonum flowers are sad.
The illness started and the wall of the mountain house
When the illness first appeared in the mountain house, it became mild at first, and the sticks and turbans were brown, which was called leisure. A small fire is turned on in the stove to warm the air, and the ditch leads to the sound of new streams.
For the time being, Peng Juan is in peace with his decayed nature, and in the final period, Zong Yuan will ask about his life. Who can work hard in the dust, and be greedy and combine fish and dragon to build a strong reputation?
Send King Deng's twenty younger brothers from Yimu to Xuancheng
Wei Qingge is even more delayed, don't drink too much and be careful to carry him out. The waves are invading, the light is rippled with sorrow, and the mountains are filled with hatred.
How extremely affectionate you are when you are running against cypress trees. I am heading towards the west by the sun. There are so many places in the Yanjiang River so close to each other, there is no need to embrace the heavy misery.
Crossing the Zhongjiang River and looking at Shicheng, weeping
My old hometown in the south of the Yangtze River and the north of the Yangtze River has been a dream for thirty years. The palace of Wuyuan is now in desolation, and the palace of Guangling is desolate.
The cloud cage is far away, and there are thousands of sorrows, and the rain hits the boat with thousands of tears. Four brothers with a family of three hundred cannot sit around and think about it.
Two Elegies
Part 1
The pearls are broken before the eyes, and the flowers wither in the world. The hatred in my heart was not gone, but I missed it again.
The jade basket is still full of residual medicine, and the incense box has been stained with dust. I will feel sad in the past, and I will feel sad in the future. There are no tears to wet the towel.
The second one
The beauty is the same as the fragrant tree, and the dangerous path is the same. It is sad to see spring come true, but the bitter rain hurts the bushes.
Where is Mingli now? All her affairs are gone. There is nothing to ask about, and I will thank the east wind for thousands of years.
Elegy
It is hard to let go of my eternal thoughts, and I sigh in pain when I am alone. The rain is late and the autumn is silent, and sorrow causes more illnesses.
Thinking before swallowing the wind, feeling dizzy and blurred. The king of space should remember me, and the poor man is lost in his family.
Two sentimental poems
One
I saw the old branches of the tung blossoms again, and the mist and rain on the first floor were desolate. Who can feel melancholy? My eyes are filled with tears.
Second
The charming beauty is no longer seen in the city, and the sorrow of the festival cannot be restrained. In the sky, there is the old smoke and moon, and the eyebrows are weeping in Furong City.
Plum blossoms
Carefully transplanted to the ground, with curved sills and small railings. ***When I meet again on a beautiful day, I still worry about whether it will be beautiful.
Block the wind and open the barriers, use the moon to irrigate the cold spring. Unexpectedly, before and after the flowers, the eyebrows are not complete.
Dongjun didn’t know he lost the owner of the fireworks. What's the use of the fragrance? It still smells like last year's branches.
Shu Ling Banquet Handkerchief
I am haggard in my floating life, and I have lost my beauty in my prime. The sweaty hands are stained by fragrance, and the eyebrows are stained by smoke.
The back of the calligraphy pipa
The tapestry is as sharp as the shoulder, and it is hard to beat the number of strands of tape. The fragrance of heaven leaves the phoenix tail, and the remaining warmth is in the sandalwood trough.
Feelings during illness
I have been haggard for many years, and depression is more likely to cause self-harm. The wind invades the diseased bones, and the rain qi swallows the intestines.
The night cauldron is only boiled with medicine, and the mustache is half stained with frost. How similar is the front edge? Who can ask the King of Space?
Writing while I'm sick
The sick body is strong and the love is deep. I sit at the banquet with the fragrance and think about myself. Living quietly in the moonlight only makes medicine, and in the secluded courtyard by the door only birds come.
What can a quack doctor do if he is too lazy to listen to his words? The little maid will do what she can. It is necessary to ask Buddhism to know the smell, otherwise all kinds of troubles will invade you.
After the title Jinlouzi
Emperor Yuan of Liang said: Wang Zhongxuan was in Jingzhou in the past and wrote dozens of books. Jingzhou was ruined and all his books were burned. This article is here. Well-known people cherish it. They see a tiger's hair but don't know its spots. Later, when the Western Wei Dynasty defeated Jiangling, the emperor also died
He burned his book and said: The way of civil and military affairs will be exhausted tonight. He Jingzhou's two words about burning books are exactly the same. Poetry
To express it with emotion.
Thousands of toothpicks are wrapped in red gauze, and Wang Can's book is burned together.
If you don't leave a face with Zulong, you will get the present day in his posthumous chapter.
Fragments
Fifty questions on Li Yu’s poems and doubtful words, etc.
Huanxisha
The red sun is already three feet high Through it, the golden furnace adds fragrant beasts step by step, and the red brocade lichen wrinkles step by step.
A beautiful woman dances with golden hairpins, sniffs flower stamens when she is drunk, and hears the playing of flutes and drums in the distance from the other hall.
Huanxi Sha
Turning the candle and fluttering, I returned home from a dream. I wanted to find the traces of the past, but I was disappointed. The wish of heaven was not fulfilled.
When the moon pool platform is empty and the water has passed away, and the shaded flower pavilions are dimly lit, I will not hesitate to put on more clothes when I climb up.
Spring in the Jade House
The evening makeup has begun to brighten the skin, and the concubines and fish are lined up in the Spring Palace. The phoenix flute blows through the water and the clouds are idle, and the colorful clothes are played again and the song is heard.
Who is more fragrant in the wind? Drunk and charming. When I return home, I will put off the red candles and wait for the horse's hooves to clear the night moon.
Note: This word is also said to be written by Cao Xun, see "Songyin Collected Works". The original annotation of "Two Main Poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty" says: "It was passed down from the Jiedushi family of Cao Gongxian." It also says: "The ink was once in Liwang Temple outside Liangmen of the capital." Suspicious
Cao Xun Chang wrote this poem, and later generations thought it was Xun's work. Wang Guowei's edition was included in "Two Main Ci Poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty".
"Complete Tang Poems·Appendices" is written as "Magnolia", and notes: "One is 'Yulou Chun', one is 'Chun
Xiaoqu', one is 'Xifang' Rong'. ”
Gengluzi
Gold bird hairpin, red pink face, temporarily meet in the flower. Knowing my intention and feeling your pity, I must ask Heaven for this feeling.
The fragrance turns into ears, the wax turns into tears, and it still seems like the two people’s thoughts. The pillow is greasy, the brocade quilt is cold, and I feel more leaky and residual.
Note that this poem is a poem by Wen Tingyun, which can be found in "Huajian Collection". "Zunqian Collection" is attributed to King Li. Later, people compiled it into the "Two Main Ci Ci of Southern Tang Dynasty" based on it, and wrote Li Yu's Ci.
Geng Lezi
The willow silk is long, the spring rain is thin, and the sound of leaking outside the flowers is heard far away. The geese are frightened, the crows are rising in the city, and the golden partridges are painted on the screen.
The fragrant mist is thin and penetrates the heavy curtain, melancholy Xiejiachi Pavilion. The red candle is on the back, the embroidered drapery is hanging down, Meng Changjun doesn't know.
Note 1 is a poem by Wen Tingyun.
One of the Bodhisattva Barbarians
Annotated "Zunqian Collection" as "Midnight Cry". "Ci Zong" writes "Midnight". "Ben Shi Ci"
was written as "Midnight Song". There is a title under the tune of "Ci Tong": "Youhuan". "Hua Cao Cui Bian" is titled "With Zhou Houmei". "Ci" has the title "boudoir thoughts" under the tune.