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First, the public knowledge of earthquake prevention
1. How did the earthquake happen?
Because the earth is constantly moving and changing, it gradually accumulates huge energy, which leads to the sudden fracture of rocks or the original fault movement. This is an earthquake. Most earthquakes occur in the earth's crust.
2. Be prepared for family earthquake prevention.
(1) Residents in earthquake danger areas, earthquake-prone areas and areas where earthquake prediction has been issued shall make family earthquake prevention plans.
(2) Prepare food and drinks according to the seismic requirements of the government or relevant departments. See what your house is like. Are there any disadvantages to earthquake resistance? Find out the surrounding environment.
(3) Is the building quality good? Is it in disrepair? Buildings that are unfavorable to earthquake resistance should be reinforced, and dangerous buildings that are not suitable for reinforcement should be evacuated. Is the building structure conducive to earthquake resistance? Heavy decorative items, such as parapets and high doors, should be removed.
(4) Reasonable arrangement of furniture and articles. Remove or fix the objects hanging on the wall to prevent people from falling. Clean up the sundries and make the doorway and corridor clear. Keep flammable, explosive and toxic substances in a safe place. Fix tall furniture to prevent dumping and injury; Furniture items should be placed at the bottom, but not at the top. Empty solid furniture in case of earthquake. Prepare a family shockproof bag and put it anywhere for easy access.
Second, self-help and survival during the earthquake.
The existence of early warning phenomenon, early warning time and damping space of major earthquakes is the objective basis for people to save themselves and survive in earthquakes. As long as they have a certain knowledge of shock absorption and make certain preparations in advance, they can seize the early warning opportunity and choose the correct shock absorption method and space during the earthquake, and there is hope of survival. Whether to run or hide during an earthquake, most experts in our country believe that it is a better way to avoid nearby during an earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake. Shock absorption should be chosen in a solid place indoors, under (next to) objects that can cover the body, which is easy to form a triangular space, a small place with support, and an open and safe place indoors.
1, school shock absorption
In class, under the command of the teacher, hold your head quickly, close your eyes and hide under the desk. When you are in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down in place, protect your head with your hands, and pay attention to avoiding tall buildings or dangerous objects. Don't go back to the classroom Evacuation should be organized after the earthquake. Classes should be held outdoors when necessary.
2, family shock absorption
The earthquake warning time is short, and the indoor shock absorption is more real, and the triangular space formed after the collapse of indoor houses is often a relatively safe living place for people, which can be called shock absorption space. This mainly refers to the space formed by large collapsed bodies and supports. The places that are easy to form a triangular space indoors are: under the edge of the kang, near the solid furniture; Root and corner of interior wall; Kitchen, bathroom, storage room and other small places. Be careful not to jump off the building, stand outside the window and go to the balcony.
3. Shock absorption in public places
Listen to the instructions of the field staff, don't panic, don't rush to the exit, avoid crowding, avoid crowds, and avoid being pushed to the wall or fence.
In theaters, gymnasiums, etc. : Squat down or lie under a row of chairs; Pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans; Protect your head with a schoolbag, etc. After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.
In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibitions, subways, etc. : Choose solid counters and commodities (such as low furniture). ) or pillars, and squat down in the inner corner, and cover your head with your hands or other things; Avoid glass doors and windows, glass windows or counters; Avoid tall and unstable shelves or shelves with heavy objects and fragile items; Avoid tall or hanging objects, such as billboards and chandeliers.