Calligraphy psychology is a strange term for China people today. As an ancient subject, it has a long history in China, but it has not formed an independent scientific system.
Calligraphers, writers, linguists, doctors and philosophers in China have a deep understanding of the relationship between calligraphy and psychology. For example, Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty said: "Words are also, and the heart is also; Book, heart painting also; Sound painter, why are gentlemen and villains emotional? " Commenting on Zhang Xu's cursive script in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu said: "If you are angry, embarrassed, sad, happy, resentful, homesick, drunk, bored and uneven, you will never write cursive script." Liu Xizai, a litterateur in Qing Dynasty, asserted in The Outline of Art: "Books are like books. His knowledge, his talent, his ambition. In short, Tian: Just like a person. " This is the origin of the famous view that "books are like people". In China, there are also sayings that "it is better to judge people than words" and "seeing words like faces". It can be seen that the spread of graphology in China is long and widespread.
Handwriting psychology abroad has a history of more than 300 years. In the development of graphology, at the end of 19, Wilhelm Preyer, a professor of psychology at the University of Jena, Germany, put forward the hypothesis that the brain determines handwriting based on his exploration of handwriting. Later, through the experiment of some disabled people who lost their arms writing with their mouths or toes, it was found that their handwriting characteristics had not changed, thus confirming his hypothesis, and in his later book "Handwriting Psychology", he put forward the famous saying that "handwriting is a heart trace". Ivy, an American psychologist, also believes: "Handwriting is actually written by the brain, and the pen tip is actually subconscious. The complex and diverse writing movements of human arms are the external behavioral manifestations of human psychological quality. "
At present, the graphology in Germany, the United States, Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Austria, Australia, Israel, Czech Republic, Japan, Switzerland and other countries is very developed. Many countries have established special "graphology colleges" and many universities have "graphology majors", such as Marseille II University in France, Bonn University in Germany, Zurich University in Switzerland, and British graphology research. These countries also have specialized graphology societies and national academic organizations, such as the International Graphology Society, the European Graphology Society, the National Handwriting Society of the United States, and the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation. In these countries, graphology has been successfully applied to criminal investigation, justice, public relations, military affairs, economy, business management, talent science, psychology, education, talent recruitment and other fields. The British Psychological Society wrote in a report entitled "The Application of Graphology in Selection": "At present, more than 75% of French companies use graphology as the basic method of personnel selection, while in Switzerland, the proportion is even higher. Graphology is also common in Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy. Newspapers in continental Europe often indicate the need to submit handwritten applications in job advertisements, and applicants also want to have a handwriting test. Therefore, it is not surprising that many European companies hire their own handwriting experts. "
1990 65438+ 10, the world's first international Chinese character handwriting science research institute was established in Brussels, Belgium. Ms Menas, the founder and director of the Institute, is a famous handwriting expert and expert in handwriting identification in Europe and America. She graduated from the Institute of Graphology Education in Brussels. In the same year, he completed the monograph "Writing and Graphology of Chinese Characters" and won the European Graphology Research Association 1990 Award. Ms Menas's research on China's calligraphy promoted the development of modern graphology in China.
1994 10 6 16, the preparatory committee of China Graphology Research Association was established, with Professor Zheng Richang, deputy director of the Department of Psychology of Beijing Normal University as the president.
Since 1986, Teacher Jin Yigui of Xiamen Institute of Education has adopted the teaching method of "psychological analysis of handwriting-writing correction", which has cultivated students' excellent personality by guiding students to practice writing, and achieved remarkable results, which has been affirmed, supported and encouraged by Xiamen Education Commission, and has been popularized and popularized in schools all over the city.
At the end of 1999, the researchers of the Institute of Personnel Talents of the Ministry of Personnel completed the Application Research of Handwriting Analysis in Talent Recruitment, and developed handwriting analysis as a new technology of personnel management, which was applied in the field of personnel management and talent development, and received strong support from relevant leaders, news media, personnel workers, enterprises and the majority of handwriting analysis enthusiasts. In particular, the hand-written consultation business in Beijing talent market from June 5438 to July 0999 has aroused great repercussions in the society.
Handwriting psychology is just emerging in China. For this sunrise industry, people's understanding of it is still limited. However, graphology has shown great vitality in China. I believe that in the near future, with the participation of people of insight and ambition, graphology will be applied to all fields of society and serve the country and the people better!
Let me give you an example first. A car company in the United States has been robbed of car engine parts in succession within one year, and the loss before and after has reached one million dollars. There are indications that this is an internal theft. The company invited Andre, director of the consulting office of the American International Handwriting Society. Mcnicholas assisted in the investigation of the case. Andre first asked the employees of the company to write a written material to introduce anything they might know about the case. In this way, he analyzed the handwriting of all employees and focused the doubts on an assistant manager of the company. The characteristics of this man's handwriting show that he is an old hand with the habit of stealing, and he is good at tricks and has the characteristics of deliberately disguising his handwriting. Therefore, it was not long before the assistant manager was followed and monitored.
Theoretical basis of handwriting analysis
Medicine tells us that there is a close relationship between human brain and hand, and the activity of hand is the most complicated activity of human body. Most brain activities are set by hands, which can reflect the activities of people's inner world in many ways. Writing is the product of the combination of hand and brain. Scholars generally believe that handwriting is a trace of the brain, and handwriting is the writer of the brain when writing, rather than writing by hand. Rather, the various forms of brain movement during fingertip writing are just an unadorned revelation of people's inner world, and unconscious thoughts are transmitted to fingers. Just as fingerprints can prove a person's individual characteristics, every stroke and painting when writing can reflect each writer's unique personality. Therefore, a person's inner world can be excavated through handwriting.
The history of handwriting analysis
Handwriting analysis is an ancient knowledge. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty in China, Yang Xiong, a philosopher, pointed out: "Books are also a map of mind and nature, and people's evil is what they do. That is, through a person's handwriting, you can know his moral merits and demerits, inner good and evil. Sun, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, believes that calligraphy can "reach its temperament and become its sadness and joy". Liu Xizai, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, put it more concretely in The Outline of Art: "A book handed down from generation to generation, once when Emperor Taizong was writing the great calligrapher Yu Shinan, he happened to see Cheung Nam coming, and only wrote" gold "and asked Heather to add" ge ". The next day, Emperor Taizong showed the words to Wei Zhi and wanted to hear his opinion. Wei Zhi said after reading the letter. The eldest son of Fu Shan, a famous physician and calligrapher in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, was good at calligraphy and had been learning from his father's calligraphy, which had reached the point of confusion. One day, his eldest son deliberately put a word he had written on the table to see if his father could identify Fu Shan and mistook it for his own writing. He was secretly surprised, depressed and discouraged. Is it not far? Not long after, his eldest son was suddenly heartbroken. He picked up the words and analyzed them carefully, only to know that they were written by his son. Western scholars believe that the earliest scholar who put forward graphology was Italian Baltus, who published the article "Judging People's Character by Handwriting" in 1622, but did not continue to study it in depth. They think that the Frenchman Mi Xiong is the most important founder of graphology. He is the founder of handwriting analysis. After years of research, he summed up various phenomena in words. 1872, he officially published his monograph The System of Graphology in Paris. Later, the Frenchman Yaman divided calligraphy into seven categories 175, which developed Mi Xiong's theory and made it more scientific and standardized. In Zurich, Switzerland, it is called "the genius of modern graphology".
Classification of handwriting features
At present, the most commonly used handwriting features are divided into seven categories:
First, the pressure of writing reflects people's spirit and physical strength. People under pressure show exuberant vitality, self-confidence, arrogance and stubbornness; People with light stress are more sensitive, less active and lack courage and resistance.
Second, the structure of strokes represents the author's attitude towards the outside world. The standard style of writing with one stroke and one painting embodies the psychological characteristics of being serious, reasonable and disciplined; The overstretching of strokes and exaggerated writing style reflect the psychological characteristics of vanity and wanting to attract others' attention at any time.
Third, the size of writing is the embodiment of self-awareness. Writing in large font is the embodiment of strong emotion, good at expressing oneself and self-centered; Small print embodies the psychological characteristics of concentration, carefulness, anxiety and self-repression.
Fourthly, the degree of Lian Bi reflects the coordination of thinking and behavior. Lian Bi type shows strong judgment, reasoning ability and perseverance; Non-Lian Bi type embodies the personality characteristics of strong analytical ability, moderation and independence.
Fifth, the direction of word line is a reflection of human autonomy and social relations. The line inclines upward, indicating the author's enthusiasm, courage and ambition; The downward inclination of lines reflects the psychological characteristics of depression, pessimism, disappointment and discouragement.
Sixth, writing speed is related to people's understanding speed. Slow type is a reflection of caution, discipline and slow thinking; Fast type means quick response, strong ability of observation, abstraction and generalization, and lack of perseverance.
Seven, the layout of the full text reflects the author's attitude and possession to the outside world, including word spacing, line spacing and margins. If the whole word leans to the left page, it reflects the psychological state of nostalgia for the past, pursuit of security and lack of courage for the future; The whole word leans to the right page, which embodies the psychological characteristics of longing for the future and facing the future bravely.
At present, it is very popular in European and American countries, and its theoretical system is becoming more and more mature.