1. Representative figure of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: Confucius. Mainstream thought: Confucianism.
Confucius was one of the most erudite scholars in society at that time. He was revered as the "Sage of Heaven" and the "Muduo of Heaven" when he was still alive. He was also revered as the Saint of Confucius and the Holy Saint by the rulers of later generations. , the most holy teacher, the most holy teacher of Dacheng Wenxuan Wang, the teacher of all generations. His thoughts have had a profound impact on China and the world, and he is listed as the first among the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World".
2. Representative figure of the Qin Dynasty: Li Si. Mainstream thought: Legalism.
Li Si (284 BC - 208 BC), courtesy name Tonggu, was born in Shangcai, Runan (now Li Silou Village, Lugang Township, Shangcai County, Henan Province). A famous politician, writer and calligrapher in the Qin Dynasty. In his early years, Li Si was a county official and learned the art of emperors from Xunzi. After completing his studies, he entered Qin as an official. Prime Minister Lu Buwei regarded him as a Langguan and persuaded the King of Qin to defeat the princes and become an emperor.
3. Representative figure of Han Dynasty: Dong Zhongshu. Mainstream thought: Neo-Confucianism.
Dong Zhongshu (179 BC - 104 BC), a native of Guangchuan (Dongguzhuang Village, Guangchuan Town, Jingxian County, Hebei Province) of the Western Han Dynasty, was a thinker, politician, educator, idealist philosopher and today's Master of Classics. Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty was a doctor at that time and taught "Gongyang Chunqiu". In the first year of Yuanguang (134 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an edict to seek strategies for governing the country.
Dong Zhongshu, in his famous "Countermeasures for Promoting Virtues", systematically put forward the theories of "Induction between Heaven and Man", "Great Unification" and "Anyone who is not in the six arts or the art of Confucius will have their way. Don't make progress together. The idea of ??"promoting Kong's suppression of hundreds of schools" was adopted by Emperor Wu, making Confucianism an orthodox thought in Chinese society, and its influence lasted for more than two thousand years.
4. Representatives of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Character: Ruan Ji. Mainstream thought: Metaphysics.
Ruan Ji (210-263), a poet of the Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, was born in the Qizong clan of Chen Liuwei (now Kaifeng, Henan). 1. He served as an infantry captain and was known as Ruan Infantry. He believed in Lao and Zhuang's teachings and took a cautious attitude towards avoiding disasters. He was the representative of "Zhengshi Zhiyin" and wrote "Eighty-two Songs of Huai". "The Master's Biography", etc.
5. Representative figure of Sui and Tang Dynasties: Wang Tong. Mainstream thought: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
Wang Tong (503-574). The courtesy name was Gongda, who was born in Linyi, Langye (now Linyi, Shandong). He was born as a minister in the Southern Dynasties. He was appointed as Secretary Lang and Prince Shiren, and was granted the title of Marquis of Wuyangting. Huangmen Shilang was exempted from duties. The Chen Dynasty was established, he was moved to Zuo Pushe, led the Southern Xuzhou Dazhongzheng, and moved to Zuo Guanglu.
6. Representative figures in the Song and Yuan Dynasties: Zhu Xi Mainstream thought. Zhu Xi.
Zhu Xi (lunar calendar 1130.9.15-1200.4.23), also known as Zhonghui, also known as Hui'an, was later called Hui Weng, and his posthumous title was called Zhu Wengong. Lu Huizhou Prefecture, Wuyuan County (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Fujian Province). He was a famous Neo-Confucian, thinker, philosopher, educator and poet in the Song Dynasty, and a representative of the Fujian School. .
7. Representative figure of the Ming Dynasty: Wang Shouren. Mainstream thought: King Lu Xinxue.
Wang Shouren (October 31, 1472 - January 9, 1529), Han nationality, nickname. Yun, whose courtesy name is Bo'an and also nicknamed Yangming, was born in Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province (now Yuyao, Ningbo). He once built a house in Yangming Cave in Kuaiji Mountain and named himself Yangmingzi. Scholars also called him Mr. Yangming. Known as Wang Yangming, he was a famous thinker, writer, philosopher and military strategist in the Ming Dynasty. He was a master of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. In charge, he held the posts of Longchangyi Cheng of Guizhou, Magistrate of Luling County, Yushi of Youqiandu, Governor of Southern Jiangxi, and Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. In his later years, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of War in Nanjing and the Yushi of Zuodu of the Duchayuan for his military merits in pacifying the Chenhao Rebellion. He was granted the posthumous title of Xinjian Bo during the Longqing period, so later generations also called him Wang Wenchenggong.
8. Mainstream ideas of the Qing Dynasty: Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism and Pu Xue. >
Gu Yanwu (1613.7.15-1682.2.15), Han nationality, was born in Qiandeng Town, Kunshan, Suzhou Prefecture (now Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province) in the south of the Ming Dynasty. His real name was Jiang, his nickname was Fan Han, and his aliases were Jikun and Guinian. , named Zhongqing, Ningren, also signed himself as a servant of Jiang Shan; after the defeat of Nandu, he changed his name to Yanwu because he admired the conduct of Wen Tianxiang's student Wang Yanwu.
Because there is Tinglin Lake next to his former residence, scholars respect him as Mr. Tinglin. The outstanding thinkers, classics scholars, historiographers and phonologists of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties were together with Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi known as the "Three Great Confucians" in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Confucius
Baidu Encyclopedia - Li Si
Baidu Encyclopedia - Dong Zhongshu
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ruan Ji
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wang Tong
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhu Xi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wang Shouren
Baidu Encyclopedia-Gu Yanwu