1. Starting and ending
The starting and ending of writing, that is, the beginning and ending of writing, is naturally the primary method of writing. As the saying goes, "the beauty of a painting lies in the beginning and ending." , should be paid special attention to. Starting a pen is also called writing, writing, and writing. When starting a pen, you should be careful in front of the pen, "be careful when starting". You must lift the pen and move it in the air according to the size of the font. When you start the pen, fold it to hide the exposure, and turn it backwards and forwards. You must be steady, decisive, and clean. If there is any dissatisfaction, you can write back or make up for it the next time you write, but you can't change the pen easily, let alone the pen lying on the paper and losing your vitality. Dong Qichang said: "The pen must be lifted up where it starts to prevent it from stiffening. , is a message that has not been passed down through the ages.” The basic principle of closing the pen is as Mi Dai said: “No hanging, no shrinking, no going.” We must also pay attention to the actual situation and slowness, slow down and quickly return, return to the front to grab, and go forward to grab in the air. Whether it is to keep the lower belt or to hide the outer belt, the pen must be retained, the draw is moderate, the virtual and the real are clear, the momentum is magnificent, and it is natural. As for the specific method of opening and closing, you should study and study it in conjunction with certain fonts and calligraphy styles to avoid misunderstanding and misuse.
2. Yin and Yang
Since calligraphy originated from symbolic philosophy and corresponds to the black and white colors of Tai Chi diagram, calligraphy sages attach great importance to the inherent connection between calligraphy and yin and yang. Cai Qi and Wang Xizhi both relied on divine calligraphy to reveal the theory of calligraphy's Dao Tongli, that is, the theory of yin and yang mutually reinforcing each other, complementing and hiding each other, and pointed out that "Yang Qi is bright and the flowers stand on the wall, Yin Qi is strong and the wind and spirit are born", " "Put the pen against the edge" and write calligraphy to reflect its artistic characteristics. The calligraphy sages of the past dynasties also believe that calligraphy is an art of harmony between nature and man that "approaches the body close by and draws objects far away". Therefore, the dialectical theory of yin and yang mutually reinforcing each other has not only become an important category of calligraphy, but also the main factor in the dialectical use of brushwork. The methods of starting and retracting, forward and reverse, lifting and pressing, slowing down, hiding and exposing the pen also have a distinct dialectical nature. This shows that the method of writing is not a mechanical dead method, but a dialectical living method, just as the calligraphy sages have explained and embodied: "To reach the dangerous situation, to adapt to the situation." "When you rise, you are not alone, and when you fall, you are not alone." "The face is not close, the back is not far." "Violation but not violation, harmony but difference; staying is not always late, and sending away is not permanent... The abnormality is in the hair, and the emotion is in the paper." Methods, one should deeply understand the meaning and function of yin and yang dialectics, so as to rise from writing to the realm of calligraphy art. If we only understand it from the form of "yin is inside, yang is outside", "left is yang, right is yin", etc., it will be impossible to understand the true meaning of yin and yang theory, and it will be impossible to use the writing method effectively.