However, reading wéi is a pictophonetic character. "Shuo Wen Koubu" "Wei, Nuo also. From the mouth, sound. " The original meaning is a respectful answer, indicating an answer, such as "passive Nuo Nuo". However, reading wéi is also a pictophonetic character. Shuowen: "Only, think about everything." From the heart, a good voice. The original meaning is "thinking", such as "thinking" and "thinking". As adverbs and auxiliary words, Wei, Wei and Jie have nothing to do with the original meaning.
"Wei" is a range adverb, pronounced wéi, which means to limit the range of things or actions, equivalent to "only" and "only". Such as "only", "afraid", "mercenary", "obedient", "exclusive", "unique" and so on. This meaning can also be "Wei", and the "Wei" in the above words can be "Wei". For example, "As soon as this article is published, many of my clippings can be discarded, except one that can't bear to listen to its oblivion ..." (Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 4, page 504) "Our working people have been subjected to the strongest oppression and squeezing, and even literacy education can't be given, but they have been slaughtered silently and perished." (The Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 4, page 22 1) However, in this sense, the words related to materialism and idealism can only be Wei, such as materialism, idealism, historical idealism and materialist dialectics. This is because they are powerful words to express philosophical concepts and have been highly politicized. They have been used frequently for a long time, and their word forms and language forms have long been stereotyped in sociopragmatics.
Wei, Wei and Wei are used as mood auxiliary words to express affirmation and emphasis, and can also play the role of tone adjustment. For example, "only its existence" and "people's hearts are in danger" also write "only its existence" and "people's hearts are in danger". Vivid, originally written as "lifelike". Vivid "dimension" is a modal particle, and its usage is similar to that of "Wei". For example, Feng Zhenluan's Reading Miscellaneous Notes in the Qing Dynasty: "There are only one or two sentences in the middle of a serial, and the occasional sentence is wonderful and vivid, like Zhu's words." Vivid and vivid, and later wrote vivid and vivid, because Wei, Wei and Wei are often universal in the usage of modal particles.
Secondly, the new edition of Modern Chinese standardizes the variant words of "Wei" and "Wei".
The new edition of "Modern Chinese" re-standardizes the special-shaped words related to Wei and Wei. There are two ways to do this.
First, the adverb usage suggests using "Wei", but it can also be used. Only 3L7-only 38, Lest143-Lest 610, Mercenary Chart129-Mercenary Chart 9, Obedience from12-Obedience from 4, Obedience from 0- The same below) These eight groups of congruent heterographs all set the former as the positive bar under the prefix "Wei" and the latter as the secondary bar under the prefix "Wei", that is, the former is the recommended word form or language form, and now the former is the recommended word form or language form.
Except that the frequency of "fear" is less than that of "fear" and the frequency of "obedience is listening" is zero, the frequency of using "Wei" in the other six groups is much higher than that of using "Wei". If we consider that under the strong influence of the old version of Modern Chinese, the frequency of using Wei is still so high, we can see the degree of social recognition of using Wei.
Second, only "Wei" is used in the usage of auxiliary words, not "Wei". "Only 35- only 97", "Vivid 67- Vivid 24" and "Vivid 2" are two identical variants. For the former, there is only one word under the prefix "Wei", but not for the latter, that is, the practice of the old version of modern Chinese is still retained, and only the word form or language form of the former is used and the word form or language form of the latter is discarded.
In these two groups of heteromorphic words, the frequency of "only its" is much higher than that of "only its", and the frequency of "lifelike" is also much higher than that of "lifelike".
As a result of this adjustment in the new edition of Modern Chinese, Wei and Wei assume their adverb usage and auxiliary usage in related words respectively, and the division of labor is more clear, which not only follows the universal principle, but also embodies the systematic principle. To a great extent, this alleviates or even basically eliminates the contradiction between universality and systematicness, and the contradiction between convention and manual intervention. However, the new edition of Modern Chinese still has strong manual intervention in some abnormal words related to "Wei" and "Wei". For example, the frequency of "only it" is much lower than that of "only it", but only the former is taken, not the latter; The frequency of "lifelike" is not low, but it only keeps the form of "lifelike" and does not accept "lifelike". There are still strong human intervention factors in choosing one and giving up the rest. However, on the whole, the new edition of Modern Chinese has greatly improved the norms of "Wei" and "Wei" variant words compared with the old edition, and its universality and systematicness have been greatly improved.
It must be pointed out that Wei and its related words are both used in Chinese, and Wei is often used in ancient documents, so the choice of Wei has stronger motivation, which is why the old version of Modern Chinese recommended the word form or language form as Wei. However, nowadays, the society and the public have "established" new usage habits, and the new edition of Modern Chinese reflects this change by choosing the word forms of "Wei" and "Wei".
On the other hand, the old version of "Modern Chinese" is quite deficient in dealing with the above-mentioned abnormal words, and it does not fully consider the principle of "social identity" in the application of words, resulting in too much human intervention, which is difficult to implement and leads to confusion due to improper norms.
Thirdly, the choice of "Wei" and "Wei" variant words.
(1) In the writings of authors and editors of newly compiled books, the above-mentioned heterographs related to "Wei" and "Wei" generally give priority to the recommended word forms or language forms in the new edition of Modern Chinese.
(two) the selected articles, quotations and materials in the newly compiled books must be faithful to the original. The above-mentioned abnormal words related to "Wei" and "Wei" need not be changed or should not be changed where "Wei" is used in Selected Works or Quotations. In the past, influenced by the old edition of Modern Chinese, it was inappropriate to change all the adverbs used in the original text into "Wei". The word "Wei" is changed from "Wei" to "Wei" in the new edition of Xianhan, and it is not appropriate to change the word "Wei" in the original when it is necessary to be faithful to the original.
(3) In principle, you can freely choose heteronyms that are not standardized by the official language of the country. The norms of the new edition of Modern Chinese for the above-mentioned heterographs related to "Wei" and "Wei" are only recommended norms, and it is not necessary to use its recommended word form or language form. Therefore, it is ok to choose the recommended word form or language form, but the word form or language form must be consistent in use. You can even use the uncollected forms of some special-shaped words in the new edition of Modern Chinese, for example, you can use the uncollected word "fear" to replace the word "Jue" in the new edition of Modern Chinese. However, it is generally more appropriate to choose the word form or language form recommended by the new edition of Modern Chinese.
appendix
Only-only
Deputy order; Only this wall clock shows extraordinary vitality. Inserting it in a vase can not only bloom but also send leaves. (Qin Mu's "New Year's Eve Flower Market") | Three miles up and down, but there are dates in our village. (Kang Zhuo's My Second Landlord) | They can stand all difficulties and hardships, but they can't stand the arrogance of enemy planes. (Yang Shuo's "Three Drought Rivers and Mountains")
"Now Korea" only accepts "only". Xinhua Dictionary focuses on "independence" and notes "independence". Neither word "Cihai" is accepted. The Grand Dictionary (Chinese Dictionary) is accepted and has the same interpretation.
Word frequency statistics: only 3l7, only 38.
Both are congruent aliens.
Shuowen: "Wei, Nuoye." The original meaning is the voice of answer. Adverbs "only" and "only" are used to indicate the range. Guangya interpretation: "Only, only." Yitong people: "only a gentleman is the ambition to understand the world." "Unique" is a synonymous compound word. Shuowen: "Only, think about everything." Paragraph note: "All thoughts are floating thoughts." When used as adverbs, "Wei" and "Wei" are universal. So "unique" is also written as "unique". According to the principle of universality, "unique" should be the recommended word form.
Fear-fear
I am afraid that he is afraid that others will not believe these words, so it is particularly ugly to say them. (Ba Jin's Home) | They repeatedly inquired about the date of the volunteers for fear that people would leave quietly. As soon as they hear the car ring, they will open the doors and windows and look around. (Wei Wei's "Farewell") | Mu Gongmutian Anyway, he made a report with three other people, lest the left wing be destroyed, which is completely different from the previous impassioned. (Lu Xun's letter to Zheng Zhenduo)
"Korea now" only accepts "because of fear". Interpretation of Xinhua prefix "Wei": ① adverb. Single; Only. For example, "fear of falling behind." The definition of "for" prefix ① is the same as "for" ①. The big dictionary only accepts "because of fear". But the meaning of the note "Wei" ⑥ is an adverb. Equivalent to' only' and' just'. Also known as "Wei" and "Wei"
Word frequency statistics: lest 143, lest 6 10.
Both are congruent aliens. According to the principle of universality, "fear" should be the recommended word form. (See article "Only")
Mercenaries.-Mercenaries
They are greedy for money and care nothing else. They get high-quality products at low prices and then sell them at high prices. (Xu Chi's Fire Phoenix) | From mercenary to selfless. (Lu, "The Traffickers") | Like other businessmen, the Shu family is mercenary. (Lu Xun's "Gai Hua Ji Bu Gossip (3)")
Modern Korea only accepts "mercenaries". "Xinhua" takes "mercenary" as the main text and indicates "also mercenary". There are idioms and definitions in a big dictionary, and there is no difference.
Word frequency statistics: mercenary figure 129, mercenary figure 9.
Both are congruent foreign idioms. According to the principle of universality, it is appropriate to take "mercenary" as the recommendation language. (See article "Only")
Do one's bidding.
We do whatever we want and obey He Long absolutely. He also said seriously, "Well, believe me, He Long, of course I do what I want." (People's Daily 1997-07-29)| The so-called "superior" means that it is subordinate to "superior" and subordinate to Nuo Nuo. It does not have its own opinions, and it always takes the right and wrong of the leaders as the right and wrong. (People's Daily 2000-02-0 1)| Other NATO members say "no" to the "deviant" behavior of the United States, instead of adopting a docile attitude. (People's Daily 1999-04- 13)
Modern Han, Xinhua and Cihai have not been harvested. The Grand Dictionary contains these two idioms: "Obedience is obedience" is defined as "the same as" obedience is listening "and" obedience is obedience "is defined as" obedience is obedience ".
Word frequency statistics: obedient from 12, obedient from 4.
Both of them are congruent alien idioms. According to the principle of universality, it is appropriate to take "obedience" as the recommended form. (See article "Only")
Life is listening-life is listening.
Do whatever you are told, obey me absolutely, and I will do whatever the Prime Minister says. (Guo Moruo's Peacock Gallbladder) | Luo Liming is willing to listen. (Yu Min's first round) | Let me listen to the opinions of lesbians! (Lao She's "Salesgirl")
"Now Han" only accepts "obeying orders". "Xinhua" only accepts "life is listening". The two idioms in the big dictionary have the same meaning: "Absolute obedience."
Word frequency statistics: all are 0.
Both are congruent foreign idioms. According to the systematic principle, "life is listening" is the recommended form. (See "Do as required")
Just me.-just me.
They think they are the greatest, but they seem to be the owners of this house, and they all look supercilious and orthodox. (Jun Xiao Maymine) | This view of learning also determines his attitude of getting along with his workmates, and it is impossible to be "self-centered". (Qin Mu's "Picking Shells from the Ocean of Art" and "Love Your Friends, Love Your Friends") | Know why it's simple ... or the chief's idea of being alone. (Lu Xun's "Episode Collection, New Secularity")
"Korea now" only accepts "I am the only one". "Xinhua" takes "I am the only one" as the main text, indicating "I am the only one". This big dictionary contains the same definitions of these two idioms.
Word frequency statistics: I am the only one 40, and I am the only one 7.
Both are congruent foreign idioms. According to the principle of universality, it is appropriate to take "I am the only one" as the recommendation form. (See article "Only")
unique
There is only one deputy; Unique life is indeed the source of artistic creation, and it is the only source. (Ba Jin's random thoughts on the role of literature) | Confucius is naturally very sad because the only credible disciple has also been lost. (Lu Xun's Essays on Confucius in Modern Street Pavilions in China) | But I was in Shanghai at that time, and there was another unique person who not only dared to talk and laugh casually, but also dared to ask him to do something private, that is, Rou Shi who sent books to Bai Mang. (Lu Xun's "Southern accent, commemorating forgetting")
"Modern Han" only accepts "uniqueness". Xinhua takes "independence" as the main text, and indicates "independence". Neither word "Cihai" is accepted. The big dictionary accepts these two words and has the same explanation.
Word frequency statistics: only 5883, only 45.
Both are congruent aliens. According to the principle of universality, "unique" should be the recommended word form. (See article "Only")
Only-only
Moving only depends on who dares to move into this black gatehouse. Only floating wealth can move. (Zhou Libo's storm) | She said: "I will try my best to train better and more talents for poor and remote areas." (People's Daily, 2000- 12- 14)| There is no way but to teach them to pay attention to everything and live with peace of mind. (Ye Shengtao, "Mr. Pan is in trouble")
Modern Chinese and Grand Dictionary only accept "only", which is defined as "only". Xinhua is not accepted, but the word "Wei" is the same as "Wei". The list of heterographs is considered as congruent heterographs.
Word frequency statistics: only 699, only 109.
Both are congruent aliens. According to the principle of universality, "only" should be the recommended word form. (See article "Only")
Only it, only it.
Even "book" means causality, similar to "because". Just because she is not elegant, she is not afraid to queue up for food, so she will not shrink back even if she is whipped. (Lao She lived under one roof for four generations) | Reading made thousands of books run down, and he had to study it again and again. Only in this way can the article be full of thoughts, like a god. (People's Daily 2000- 1 1-02) | He is still human, but that's all. But only in this way can he be a great man. (Lu Xun's "Gai Hua Ji Xia Xia and Fei")
"Now Korea" only accepts "only". "Xinhua" takes "only its" as the main text, which means "only its". Neither word "Cihai" is accepted. The big dictionary accepts these two words and has the same explanation.
Word frequency statistics: only 97, only 35.
Both are congruent aliens. According to the principle of universality, "Wei Qi" should be the recommended word form. (See article "Only")
Vivid, lifelike.
Describe or imitate well, very realistic. Here I write aunt Zhao's nagging and dragon bell, which are vivid. This shows that the old couple are so loving. (Zhu Ziqing's Philosophy of Lao Zhang and Zhao Ziyue) | Strangely enough, only after she left, as a husband and father, did he fully realize the genetic vividness of all this. (Chen Zufen's "Motherland Above All") | "Hey! Why didn't you receive it? " Gao Songnian jumped up and pretended to be surprised. (Qian Zhongshu's Fortress Besieged | In this way, every move of the ancients was vividly described from the sound of gongs and drums. (Zhao Ziyue of Lao She) | She learned Chiang Kai-shek's tone and expression vividly, and her graceful and lithe posture made the whole audience burst into laughter. (Yang Mo's Song of Youth)
"Korea now" only accepts "lifelike". "Xinhua" is based on "lifelike" and marked "lifelike". Ci Hai emphasizes "expressive" and notes "expressive". The three idioms in The Grand Dictionary are all accepted, with the same definitions and slightly different words.
Word frequency statistics: vivid 67, vivid 24, vivid 2.
These three are congruent foreign idioms. Shuowen: "Wei, the car cover is Wei Ye." Paragraph note: "By extension, all departments are called Wei. When used as modal particles, "dimension" and "Wei" are universal. However, as morphemes, there is a division of labor: "Wei" has the meaning of "uniqueness", "Wei" is generally used as an affix, and "Wei" has the meaning of "maintenance". Accordingly, "lifelike" should be the recommended language form.
(Selected from the Eighth Five-Year Sub-project of the State Language Committee, A Standardized Dictionary of Modern Chinese Variant Words edited by Li Xingjian: "Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, February 2002, 1 Edition).