Calligraphy styles can be classified into seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script.
1.
There are two main types of seal script: big seal script and small seal script. Among them, the big seal script refers to Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, hoop scripts, six-country scripts and so on, which preserve the obvious characteristics of ancient hieroglyphics.
Xiao Zhuan, also known as "Qin Zhuan", is a common script of Qin State, and a simplified font of Da Zhuan, which is characterized by its even and neat shape and easier to write than the script. In the history of the development of Chinese characters, it is the transition between the official seal script and the official seal script.
2. Official script
Official script is also called "official character" and "ancient book". On the basis of seal script, it is a font produced to meet the needs of convenient writing.
The small seal script is simplified, and the even and round lines of the small seal script are turned into straight and square strokes, which is convenient for writing.
3. Regular script
Regular script is also called block script, real book and official book. Li Shu, which was founded by Cheng Miao, gradually evolved, becoming more simplified and horizontal.
Ci Hai explains that it is "square in shape and straight in strokes, which can be used as a model." Hence the name regular script. It began at the end of the Han Dynasty, and it has been popular ever since.
4. Running script
Running script is a general term, which is divided into running script and running script. It developed and originated on the basis of official script, a font between regular script and cursive script, which was produced to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the illegibility of cursive script.
5. cursive script
cursive script is a kind of quick and convenient script that came into being when China's calligraphy developed to a certain period. It began in the early Han Dynasty. At that time, Cao Li was popular, and later it gradually developed into "Zhangcao".
Extended information
The evolution of seal script
During the Zhou Dynasty, the inscription engraved on Zhong Ding Yi wares, namely the bronze inscription, also known as "Zhong Dingwen", was widely popular.
after the unification of Qin Shihuang, it was collectively called "Xiao Zhuan", also known as "Qin Zhuan".
the so-called seal script is actually an official script. It is a standardized common font for official documents. According to the literature, there was no special name for the script of Chinese characters before Qin Dynasty, but Xiao Zhuan was gradually evolved from the characters of Qin State in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Because it is an official book, Xiao Zhuan is only suitable for grand occasions, such as recording meritorious deeds and carving stones, measuring imperial edicts, and fighting tiger symbols.
The style of standard seal script is neat arrangement, round strokes, even and long lines, presenting a solemn and beautiful style. Compared with Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, the standard seal script has some basic characteristics: the shape is slender, tightly drawn, and stretched downward, which constitutes a visual illusion of dense top and sparse bottom, which is also related to the top-down layout.
the lines are symmetrical. No matter how long the stippling is, the strokes are uniform in thickness. This kind of writing brush with even strength and speed gives people a pure and simple aesthetic feeling. In addition, the font structure tends to be simple and fixed, and the chapter layout of Xiao Zhuan's calligraphy can form a sequence of vertical and horizontal lines.
Qin Zhuan is different from Fang Bi in round pen, and the round pen is represented by carved stone in Qin dynasty. Fang Bi, represented by the imperial edict of Qin Dynasty (the imperial edict of Qin Liang), is a vulgar style in Qin Zhuan.
The Han and Wei Dynasties were the last days of Qin Zhuan's strength. Apart from inscriptions, seals and objects, there were few independent seal scripts.
The seal script of the Tang Dynasty was revived by the appearance of Li Yangbing, but the grandeur of Qin Zhuan has disappeared.
With the study of epigraphy in the Song Dynasty and the retro calligraphy style in the Yuan Dynasty, the right to use seal script has risen slightly, and there are many people who are famous for seal script, but they lack the power to surpass it.
in the Ming dynasty, the trend of inheriting the Yuan Dynasty became even. In Qing dynasty, seal script blossomed and entered the stage of great prosperity.
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