Class culture is the soul of a class and unique to each class. It has the functions of self-regulation and self-restraint. Class culture involves all kinds of people related to the class, including the relationship between students and teachers, which we used to pay more attention to, and the relationship between teachers and parents, which we easily ignored. The relationship between teachers is a joint effort, and the relationship between teachers and parents is complementary.
Class culture can be divided into "hard culture" and "soft culture". The so-called hard culture is a kind of "explicit culture", which is a tangible and visible environmental culture, that is, material culture, such as famous sayings and aphorisms on the classroom wall, portraits of heroes or world celebrities; Horseshoe-shaped, rectangular and oval tables and chairs; A painting and calligraphy gallery that displays students' painting and calligraphy art; A popular science corridor that inspires students to explore the unknown world; A "little global village" showing love; Eye-catching patterns and slogans such as class training and class style hung in front of the classroom. Soft culture is a kind of "hidden culture", including system culture, concept culture and behavior culture. Institutional culture includes all kinds of class laws and regulations, which constitutes an institutionalized legal cultural environment; Concept culture is a variety of ideas about class, students, society, life, world and values, which pervades every corner of the class and exerts a subtle influence on students. Behavioral culture is a behavioral culture triggered by systems and concepts, which is manifested in students' manners and mental outlook.
First, build a "hard culture"
Whether a class has an educational atmosphere is an important criterion to measure the quality of this class. In a class with bright windows and rich cultural atmosphere, all students will spontaneously form a strong learning atmosphere; Learn and master rich knowledge of modern science and culture; Dare to explore, dare to innovate, love labor and science; Learn to discover beauty, appreciate beauty and create beauty; Get along with classmates and teachers in good faith and cooperate with each other in a friendly way to promote and speed up the socialization of students. At the same time, it also cultivates students' moral sentiments. By strengthening the interaction between cultures, class culture subtly enables students to actively accept the influence of culture, thus constantly improving their personal realm. In such a positive, warm and harmonious environment, students will also have a strong sense of belonging, which will touch students to join the ranks of class culture construction spontaneously, so that class culture construction and student development will form a benign interaction and achieve educational success. From the ancient "Three Movements in Meng Mu" to "Those who are close to Zhu Zhechi are black" and today's "environment produces talents", all of them have proved the importance of environmental culture.
Suhomlinski once said that every wall in the classroom should have an educational function. It can be seen that for education, everything can be its favorable material. Using space resources effectively and creating a "hard culture" environment with education, openness, vividness and safety has a great positive effect on cultivating students' sentiment, activating students' thinking and integrating teachers' and students' feelings. The rules of class "hard culture" environment construction are: try to be simple and generous, suitable for students, and highlight class characteristics.
1, pay attention to classroom hygiene.
A clean classroom is not cleaning, but keeping. In my usual work, I often educate students to pick up scraps of paper when they see the ground. Tables and chairs should be placed neatly, small blackboards, brooms and buckets should be placed neatly, so that every student can feel the sense of responsibility of the host-"the classroom is my home". Classroom hygiene is the foundation of class cultural environment. Only with this "foundation" can we make a contribution.
2. Pay attention to the layout of the classroom.
Some calligraphy and painting, figures, etc. (students choose) can be posted on the walls on both sides; The four corners of the classroom can be arranged as natural corner, science and technology corner, calligraphy corner and so on. The blackboard newspaper at the back should be changed frequently, and students should make their own typesetting plans; Above the blackboard in front of the classroom, you can choose a motto of the whole class. The layout of the classroom should not be chaotic, and all parts should be harmonious and unified. The best way is to establish the theme of the class first, such as arranging a class that loves nature, so that we can arrange it according to the changes of the four seasons, thus stimulating students' interest in exploring the mysteries of nature. If you want to make the classroom full of scholarly atmosphere, you need bookcases. Our primary school in Tian Fei proposed to create a "scholarly class" and be a "scholarly teenager". There is a big bookcase at the back of each classroom, which is filled with all kinds of books that students love to read.
3. Pay attention to the arrangement of seats.
With the rapid development of economy, education has changed from the original "big pot" education to "excellent" education, and we have more energy to consider our educational materials. From the single paddy field in the past, according to the needs of classroom teaching and activities, the "horseshoe" convenient for teachers and students to communicate and the "face" convenient for students to communicate are discharged. I have done this arrangement in many open classes.
Practice has proved that a beautiful class material environment, with the characteristics of "peaches and plums don't say anything", can naturally hint, edify and infect students unconsciously, adding endless fun to their study life, bringing hope and vitality, building the classroom into a "pleasant place" and giving students noble cultural enjoyment.
Second, the construction of "soft culture"
Building a good class "hard culture" environment only puts a beautiful coat on this class, and the real spiritual embodiment of the class depends on the construction of class "soft culture" environment. Class "soft culture" environment is the core of class cultural environment, which can best reflect class personality. The overall image of the class ultimately depends on whether the "soft culture" environment of the class is healthy.
1, the design of class flag, class song and class emblem and its influence on students' development.
These three factors are the starting point of class "soft culture" environment construction, just like an election campaign before a concert, which makes the audience more fascinated. When designing them, the head teacher should mobilize the teachers and students of the whole class to participate together, and seek the opinions of the school authorities and principals through appropriate channels to attract their attention and leave them with a beautiful and vivid impression. After the design is completed, the class flag, class song and class emblem should be displayed in various occasions such as assemblies, competitions and grade activities, so that teachers and students of this grade can pay attention to the image symbols of this class. Class flag, class song and class emblem, as symbols of class and class characteristics, contribute to students' sense of identity and pride in class; More importantly, their design activities help to tap students' creativity and cooperative spirit, strengthen the cohesion of the class, and enhance understanding and trust among students.
2. "Class Style" construction and its influence on students' development
This is the highlight of class "soft culture" environment construction, and it is also the core part of the whole cultural environment construction. It includes class style and class style, and it is the social image of the class. For its construction, we can start from the following two aspects:
(1) teacher. We know that to form a positive and healthy "class style", we can't rely on one person's strength alone. It participates in many forces and is an organic reaction of many factors, but the teacher is a key factor here. The leadership style of teachers (especially class teachers) is closely related to "class style". Good class spirit has a great incentive for students' physical and mental development. At present, most of our primary schools adopt autocratic leadership, which to a great extent inhibits students' creativity, makes students lose their consciousness and hinders their positive behavior.
Therefore, in terms of teachers' leadership style, I suggest adopting democratic leadership style or participatory leadership style. Teachers participate in class collectives, and together with students, * * * formulate class rules and regulations, class plans, or make a collective ruling on something; Teachers are very willing to give a student help or guidance without harming the overall interests of the class, and accept their supervision at the same time; Teachers should give maximum support to class activities and participate as much as possible; When students make choices, teachers should give objective and fair praise and criticism, especially when criticizing, teachers should pay attention to the use of language and not dampen students' enthusiasm; In the process of establishing democratic leadership style, as a teacher (especially a class teacher), you should be a designer, the designer of class development direction, not a nanny or a fireman.
② Students. Students are the main body of class cultural environment construction. In the construction of class "soft culture" environment, the interaction between students is a great force for the formation of class atmosphere.
First of all, it is the coordination of cooperation and competition. In class activities, especially in class learning, cooperation and competition are two important variables that affect class atmosphere. Cooperation is to coordinate activities to achieve the same goal, thus producing beneficial results for both sides. In the class, we can strengthen the collective cohesion, form a positive class spirit and promote the harmonious and healthy development of students. It can learn from each other's strong points and make students actively think about their differences, so as to actively improve their own shortcomings and improve their learning consciousness. Competition is to achieve one's own goals and compete with others for the same goal. It can enliven the classroom atmosphere, make the collective life full of vitality, avoid students' monotonous sense of learning and increase learning fun. It can also stimulate students' learning motivation, improve their level and report negative, and enhance the efficiency of learning. Of course, fierce competition may cause some students to be too nervous and anxious, thus inhibiting learning, causing students to resist learning and feel depressed when solving problems. At the same time, too much emphasis on competition will cause contradictions among students, and ultimate victory will become their main goal, while ignoring the intrinsic value of learning and creative activities will also hurt students' internal unity. Therefore, it is very important to coordinate the relationship between the two for the construction of class spirit.
Secondly, it is the influence of peer culture. Adolescence is a period of rapid physical and mental development, and the rapid changes of physical and mental functions make students have many new and unclear experiences. Therefore, they are eager to uncover their doubts and puzzles from their understanding of peer groups and partners. Therefore, gradually turn your attention to peers and collectives. With the dependence on peer collective strength and the development of strong relationship with peer collective, the tendency of students to obey collective pressure is more and more obvious.
Attention to this phenomenon is mainly focused on the following two points: First, public opinion guidance. Good public opinion will have a very positive impact on everything in the class. It can make the class full of rich learning atmosphere, unite and love students and trust teachers and students. Similarly, bad public opinion will have a bad influence, which will make the class learning atmosphere not strong enough, there is no communication between students, and there is a lack of trust and respect between teachers and students. Therefore, teachers must do everything possible to create correct public opinion in the class; Second, the guidance of small groups. In the process of creating a class collective, one or more small groups will appear at the same time. These small groups are often led by one or two people, have their own naive principles, and have certain restrictions on foreign exchanges, which often cannot last long. Small groups have a great influence on the class. When its principles are consistent with the class, it can greatly promote the development of the class, actively participate in class activities and safeguard the collective interests. When it is contrary to or inconsistent with the development direction of the class, it will seriously hinder the class.