I miss the landing machine of Hua Ting crane before I die.
On a cold winter morning in the second year of Tai 'an in the Western Jin Dynasty (303), Lu Ji was escorted to the execution ground by a group of people. He climbed onto the scaffold, looked up at the sky and sighed, "How can I hear the voice of Huating Crane?" Can you listen to it again? Huating is the place where he and his younger brother live and study in seclusion. Lu Ji was killed at the age of 43. His two sons and two brothers were also killed. According to historical records, the foot soldiers all wept bitterly at Lu Ji's wrongful death. On this day, the dim fog closed together during the day, the strong wind blew off the trees, and a foot of snow fell on the ground. Everyone who has talked about it thinks that all this shows that Lu Ji is wrong.
Seeing this scene reminds me of Li Si, the once powerful prime minister of Qin Dynasty. Li Silin said to his son before he died, "If I want to lead the yellow dog again, I'll go to Shangcai Dongmen to chase the sly rabbit. How can I get it? " I also want to take the yellow dog to Cai Dongmen to shoot wild rabbits with you. But can this still be achieved? ) The father and son cried at each other, and were immediately killed, and the three clans fell. People always cherish the once dull life when it is irreversible. Throughout the ages, how many such examples are there!
Li Bai wrote in "It's Hard to Go to Heaven": "The talented person's wish is unfulfilled, and the minister Li regrets it. Save his life, hear the crane's cry and falcon's gray hunting, which he has always wanted? " Lu Ji is too talented to protect himself. Reese suffered his tragic ending. Can Lu Ji still hear the crane in Huating Mansion? Can Reese still hunt with an eagle in Shangcai East Gate? (Note: "Eagle" in Historical Records and Biography of Lisi is a yellow dog)
Lu Ji (26 1-303) was born in Wuxian County, Wu Jun (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). A famous writer and calligrapher in the Western Jin Dynasty. Born in Wu County, Lu, the grandson of Sun Wu, the prime minister of Lu Xun, and the fourth son, Afu. In the history of literature, he and his younger brother Lu Yun are collectively referred to as "Erlu".
Lu Ji family is the noblest family in Wu. How powerful is his family? Shi Shuo Xin Yu said: Sun Hao, Emperor of Soochow, asked Prime Minister Lu Kai: How many people are there in your family in the imperial court? Lu A: More than ten generals, namely the second phase and the fifth phase. Sun Hao praised and said: Sheng Zai! From here, we can see how prosperous Lujia was at that time, and there were so many people in high positions.
Lu Ji was born in Hengshan, Wu Jun (now Kunshan, Jiangsu), and his ancestral home was Wuxian, Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). According to historical records, he is seven feet long and has a Hong Zhong voice. When I was young, I had a genius, wrote about the world, and fell in love with Confucian scholarship, which was indecent.
In the first year of Taikang (280), Lu Ji was twenty years old, and Sun Wu perished, so he returned to his hometown. For more than ten years, he studied hard behind closed doors and didn't ask about politics. As all his family members were in a leading position in Wu Dong, he regretted the demise of Wu Dong and was indignant at the late Wu Dong Emperor Sun Hao who gave up his ancestral business and surrendered to the Western Jin Dynasty. So he wrote an article, commenting on the reasons why Sun Quan won the world and Sun Hao died in the world, and also recalling the achievements of his grandfather and father. In the ninth year of Taikang (288), he completed the theory of distinguishing death (divided into two parts). This shows that Lu Ji is still a person with political vision and opinions.
In the tenth year of Taikang (289), Lu Ji and his younger brother Lu Yun came to Luoyang, the capital. When I first entered Luoyang, I was ambitious and thought I was a celebrity in the south of the Yangtze River. Some of them look down on people from the Central Plains. They only visited Zhang Hua, a famous teacher at that time. Zhang Hua is very appreciative of Lu Ji brothers. Yue: "The battle of Wu won the second handsome." And recommend it to everyone to make Erlu famous. At that time, there was a saying that "three tickets were reduced in price" ("three tickets" refers to the famous Zhang Zai brothers at that time).
In the second year of Yuankang (292), Lu Ji successively served as a prince to wash horses and write books. He likes to make friends with powerful families and is very close to his spouse Jamie. He became one of the "twenty-four friends of Jingu" who were gathered by dignitaries at that time and was laughed at by the world.
In the first year of Yongkang (300 years), Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, staged a coup, killed his family and assisted the government. Lu Ji was invited to join the army of Prime Minister Sima Lun. Krabi was named Guan Zhonghou because of his participation in punishment. Soon, Sima Lun will usurp the throne and appoint him as Zhong Shulang.
In the first year of Yongning (30 1), the three kings (Sima Yi of Qi, Sima Yi of Hejian and Sima Ying of Chengdu) sent troops to crusade and killed Sima Lun who usurped the throne. Sima Yi of Qi believed that Lu Ji's post of Ren Zhongshu was closely related to Sima Lun, so he arrested nine people, including Lu Ji, and handed them over to Ting Wei for punishment. At this time, due to the rescue of Chengdu Wang Sima Ying and Wu Wang Sima Yan, Lu Ji was able to reduce the death penalty and was exiled to the border. I happened to meet an Amnesty again, so I didn't go.
Luji thanked Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, for saving his life, and thought that Sima Ying would definitely make Jinshi prosper, so he committed himself to him. Sima Ying invited Lv Zhi to participate in general military affairs, and served as a plain literature and history, later called "Lu Plain".
In the second year of Tai 'an (303), he became a general and governor of Hebei Province, and led an army to crusade against Wang Sima tile in Changsha, but he was defeated by Qilijian, and was finally killed by slanderers and defeated by the three clans.
At that time, Lu Ji was called "few wizards, and the article was the best in the world." As a representative figure in the Western Jin Dynasty, He He formed the "Taikang Poetry Style". In the Southern Dynasties, Zhong Rong said, "Land is like the sea, and Pan Yue is like the river."
According to the Biography of Lu Jin, there are more than 300 poems, essays and articles written by Lu Ji, including 107 poems, most of which are Yuefu poems and quasi-ancient poems. 127 articles (including the rest). 1982, Zhonghua Book Company published Jin Ji Ji Jie.
In fact, the poetic circles in the Jin Dynasty were a connecting link between the preceding and the following, which began in the Southern Dynasties. However, the poetry creation represented by Lu Ji and Pan Yue has developed and changed, showing a new realm. They pay attention to form, complicated description, gorgeous rhetoric and complicated poetic style, forming the so-called "Taikang poetic style". In order to strengthen the descriptive function of poetry, they use the sentence pattern of ci fu in poetry, which enriches the expressive methods of poetry to some extent. The descriptions of natural scenery such as mountains and rivers in their poems greatly increased, which played a leading role in the later creation of landscape poems by Xie Lingyun, Xie Tiao and others.
Lu Ji's poem "Go to Luo Dao Zhong Zuo" describes the scenery he saw and his own mood on his way to Luoyang. The poem reads: "Traveling far and wide involves mountains and rivers. Give full play to the policy of worshipping mountains and be peaceful and obedient. I feel sleepy when I think about it at night. Leaning against the high rock, listening to the ring of hate. The clear dew falls on Su Hui, and the bright moon shines brightly. I can't sleep on the pillow, but I want to shake my clothes. " The whole poem is lyrical and tortuous, with concise and smooth sentences, beautiful and sad style, vivid image, far-reaching implication and long lasting charm.
Later, Ge Hong wrote a book praising Lu Ji's articles, saying: "Lu Ji's articles are like beautiful jade accumulated in a garden, all glowing and beautiful, with five rivers spouting and waves flowing, but the source is the same. His prose is beautiful, elegant and comprehensive, fresh and elegant, and it is also the peak of a generation. " Liu Xie commented on Lu Ji's poems in Wen Xin Diao Long Cai lue, saying: "Lu Ji only seeks a deep view, and his words are wide, so he can think skillfully without complicated thoughts." (Lu Ji's literary talent is outstanding, and his words and sentences are extensive, so his literary thinking is clever, but his words can't control too complicated problems. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu even said that "after Beihai (Kong Rong), there was only one person".
Lu Ji's Wen Fu deserves attention. It is the first systematic monograph in the history of China's literary criticism, which indicates that the ancients' understanding of literary theory has entered a new stage. Based on his own creative experience, Lu Ji made an in-depth investigation on the relationship between matter, meaning and text in literary creation, and discussed in detail a series of problems in literary creation, such as brewing, conception, skills, excitement and inspiration. These problems were rarely discussed systematically before, and these viewpoints of Lu Ji had a great influence on later generations.
He not only sees that the style of his works is related to the writer's personality, but also emphasizes the style characteristics of various styles and expounds them one by one. "Poetry is beautiful because of love, moving because of love, and bright because of love. The inscription is sentimental and sad. Mingbo is warm and moist, and he is strong in the face of frustration. Praise the excellent tour to be beautiful, exquisite and fluent. Play plain and elegant, swear by Ye Hui. Although there are differences here, it is also forbidden to control evil. Well-founded, well-founded, not lengthy. " Translated as: "Poetry is used to express feelings, and it should be beautiful and delicate; The charm is used to pave things. Clear organization and clear language; Monuments are used to record merits and must be of the same quality; Used to mourn the dead, the mood should be touching and sad; Inscriptions are used to record merits, which should be concise, gentle and smooth; Proverbs are used to satirize gains and losses, suppress Yang's frustration, and are strong in arts and sciences; Fu is used to praise, calm and soothing, colorful; Comment on right and wrong, incisive and meticulous, fluent in language; Play Chen's narrative, peaceful and thorough, appropriate and appropriate; Explain that it is convincing by reasoning, bizarre and attractive, and the words are colorful and glamorous; The stylistic distinction is roughly the same, and * * * requires the prohibition of evil. The words are eloquent and comprehensive, but remember not to be lengthy. " We can say that the characteristics of various styles mentioned here still have their guiding significance today.
Lu Ji is also a calligrapher. His "Ping Fu Tie" is the earliest original calligraphy by famous artists in ancient China, and it is also the first orderly calligraphy ink in history. Known as the "ancestor of calligraphy", it was rated as one of the nine "treasures of the town and the country".
There are nine lines in the reply, including clay inscriptions by Song Huizong and Evonne, and two seals of "Xuanhe" and "Zhenghe". It is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The content is just the ordinary notes of Lu Ji greeting his friends. Unfortunately, it has been 1700 years now, and the paper is damaged, so some words can't be distinguished.
Lu Ji is a versatile man. He has also made great achievements in historiography, including the Book of Jin, Wu Shu (unfinished), Yao Lan and Luoyang Ji. According to Zhang Yanyuan's "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties" in Tang Dynasty, Lu Ji also wrote "On Painting", and he also had his own views on painting.
Lu Ji's life experience makes people feel infinite. It's a pity that a generation of talented people died without reward.
More than 300 years after Lu Ji's death, during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, the court opened a book of Jin. Emperor Taizong personally wrote the historical theory of "a hundred generations of literati, the only one" for Lu Ji, and highly affirmed his political talent of "gathering talents in the corridors and temples and marking Hu Lian". Practically speaking, Li Shimin's evaluation is a little high, but Lu Ji is really not an idle person, but what can he do in that troubled times?
Or the poem "Huating" written by Hu Ceng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is well written: "There is no Luoyang city in the west of Shandong and Hebei, and Wu Qing. In the middle of the month, the chitose crane still spends the pavilion at night. "
The crane pavilion has become a distant historical echo.