Records of ancient emperors' pursuit of immortality

During the Warring States Period, the so-called regimen was popular. Confucius advocated "self-improvement", and Laozi's way of keeping in good health was "purity and inaction". Although China's regimen was not specifically put forward, many theoretical steps were put forward. Later, the so-called "food support" also began to prevail in various dynasties in China. In different ways, carry out what human beings have always wanted to achieve-eternal life. Immortality, whether it literally means "immortality" or whether you can turn the practice and pursuit of Tao into endless pursuit like Laozi and Zhuangzi, is the real meaning of immortality. In this regard, we will be divided into three parts-Stan, medicinal materials and edible materials, and make a systematic analysis and discussion, and work out how to match edible materials and medicinal materials and the reasons for doing so. The reason why we choose "food" as the road to longevity is because our wisdom in "food" is all-encompassing. From here, we can see China's long-standing concept of health preservation. A, alchemy in China, alchemy can be roughly divided into elixir and alchemy. The former is for longevity, while the latter is for wealth. People who are addicted to this believe that the quality of gold and silver will not rot, so people who take its essence will certainly live forever. For example, Li Bai, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, and Su Dongpo, who suffered a lot in the Song Dynasty, are all fans. Qin Shiwang and Liang Wudi, who promoted the prosperity of the Han Dynasty, also recorded the process of searching for the elixir of life. Naturally, there was the first emperor of Ai Jin who died of elixir. 0 1, the development of taking Dan medicine is almost proportional to the national conditions. The higher the power, the greater the desire, and naturally want to prolong life, which is why the art of Dan medicine in Han and Tang Dynasties is so popular. First, wait and see before the Han Dynasty, alchemy was not popular. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was still visiting Dan, the King of Qin sent Xu Fu to Penglai. At the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, although many people presented the elixir to the emperor, Emperor Wu did not take any risks, so although it was popular at that time, it still shows that people at that time still clung to the elixir. B, change-have a deeper understanding of minerals In Xuan Di, great changes have taken place in the atmosphere, and the reason for the change is Liu Xiang, a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty. Some immortals in The Legend of Immortals became immortals after taking homemade pills. For example, Ren Guang in Shangcai, Henan Province, and the Red Axe. This can also prove that when I was in Xuan Di, my understanding of cinnabar and other minerals deepened. C. Silent alchemy was a little quiet in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, perhaps because the political economy at that time did not have enough money and time to cultivate it. Naturally, it was avoided and spit. A peace is strongly advocated by Wu XIII. The Dan medicine he takes is called Wushi Powder, which is taken directly after heating other minerals such as cinnabar. However, most of the components in Wushi Powder contain toxic chemicals such as mercury, which will cause vasodilation and slight inflammation when accumulated in the body. But because it is popular among nobles, everyone still takes it as usual. B. Ge Hong's theory is based on Ge Hong. In the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, he completed the theoretical construction of immortal Taoism, which made alchemy and drug health care more rational. Bao Puzi expounded his immortal Taoist theory. Bao Puzi is divided into inner and outer chapters. "Inner Chapter" mainly talks about fairy prescriptions, while "Outer Chapter" talks about human gains and losses. He affirmed that the best way to live forever is to take Huanjin Dan liquid, and summarized the classification of fairy medicines, which provided theoretical basis for future generations. The first emperor who tried Dan medicine for the first time was Ai Jin, and it was also the first emperor who tried Dan medicine himself since Ge Hong completed his theoretical foundation. Later, Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty also died of Dan medicine. This time is a big blow to those who support taking Dan medicine. Perhaps because of this, the Dan medicine in this period was slightly silent. D, the prevalence of development Although Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty supported the Taoist regimen, he gradually became impatient in the middle and late period, so he began to rely on the elixir and immediately became an immortal. For example, Xian Zong, Mu Zong and Wu Zong. After the Tang Dynasty, the fact that external alchemy was too toxic finally aroused vigilance, and the method of alchemy also changed in materials. Since then, Inner alchemy has also become popular. 02. Component A, Bubble A, the first elixir cinnabar, gold and silver are top-notch. Mica, pearl, realgar, Taiyiyu surplus grain, stone yellow seed, timely, sulfur and green-increasing B are also very effective. The second kind of fairy medicine Wuzhi-Shi Zhi, Mu Zhi, Cao Zhi, Yuezhi and Junzhi C, and the third kind of fairy medicine Zibu Chinese herbal medicine, such as Rehmannia glutinosa, Ophiopogon japonicus, Lycium barbarum and sesame. B, five stone white Shi Ying, Ziyingshi, stalactite, halloysitum rubrum and a small amount of cinnabar. 2. Health-preserving drug 0 1, drug bait A, the functional qi for invigorating qi, has various meanings, but in a nutshell, it is nothing more than the essence of water, the qi of breathing, and the true qi of visceral activity against diseases. Because the qi of water is related to the spleen, the qi of breathing is related to the lung, and the true qi comes from the kidney, so Chinese medicine has a close relationship with these three viscera. The traditional Chinese medicines for benefiting qi contained in Shennong Herbal Classic mainly include ginseng, codonopsis pilosula, astragalus root, Atractylodes macrocephala, poria cocos, yam, meat, lentils, jujube, licorice, etc. Among them, ginseng is an eternal ally of Niu Er and a tonic medicine. B. Blood-enriching effects Among blood-enriching drugs, Radix Rehmanniae, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Longan, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Placenta Hominis have long enjoyed a good reputation. Chinese medicine believes that "Qi is the blood teacher" can promote the growth of blood, so ginseng, astragalus and jujube also have the effect of enriching blood. C, nourishing yin The true yin comes from the kidney, so most nourishing yin drugs also have the effect of tonifying kidney, especially tonifying kidney yin. From the health point of view, the most popular nourishing yin bait mainly includes Polygonatum sibiricum, Ligustrum lucidum, asparagus, donkey-hide gelatin, tortoise plastron and so on. D, the opposite of the function of nourishing yin is to help yang. Well-known are Cuscuta chinensis, Psoralea corylifolia, Walnut Kernel, Morinda officinalis, Cistanche deserticola, Cornus officinalis and Eucommia ulmoides. Deer ears, as well as aconite and cinnamon. The relationship between the five internal organs and yin and yang, qi and blood, the heart governs blood, the lung governs qi, liver blood, and the spleen governs blood and middle qi, while the kidney is the foundation of Yuan Yin and Yang, so drugs for nourishing blood nourish the heart and liver, drugs for invigorating qi benefit the lung and spleen, and drugs for nourishing yin and yang also nourish the liver and kidney. 02. Medicinal porridge is a kind of food that is easy to digest and beneficial to the body. Add medicine or nutritious food to porridge to eat together, especially suitable for the elderly, the weak and the sick. It is also often eaten by people for the purpose of immortality. It has been recorded in books since ancient times and is widely used. Su Juxian is a famous calligrapher. His diet is: porridge for three meals a day, thick Chinese food and thin dinner. A certain amount of barley flour was added to the porridge, which further improved the nutritional value of the porridge. 03, medicinal liquor-the first of hundreds of medicines, can be regarded as the oldest medicine in the world. The word "wine" was not found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Shang Dynasty around 1000 BC, but some pictures were handed down. No matter what kind of wine, it can dispel cold, promote blood circulation, relax muscles and tendons, relieve pain and warm the body. As medicinal liquor, users mostly use shochu. For the purpose of treating diseases or preserving health, one or more drugs with different curative effects are soaked in the wine for drinking. Medicinal liquor is often used to treat shoulder pain, rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis, cold hands and feet, etc. In the Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty, there are records of Acanthopanax senticosus wine, Angelica sinensis wine, chinese wolfberry wine, ginseng wine, deer ear wine and deer bone wine. There were 2000 kinds of medicinal liquor a long time ago. 04. Three years of medicinal tea (published in 992 AD) Secretary Taiping wrote eight kinds of medicinal teas (mint tea, gypsum tea, etc.). ) in "medicinal tea". The prescription of Heji Bureau compiled by the imperial doctor in Song Dynasty records that Chuanxiong tea is also used for autonomic nervous disorders such as migraine, stuffy nose, fever, limb pain and women's pain in modern times. There is a record of medicinal tea in Eating, which shows that the court uses medicinal tea. It was also widely used in the courts of the Qing Dynasty. Hawthorn tea, Chuanxiong Tea, Gouqi Tea, Mume Tea, Danshen Tea, Folium Artemisiae Argyi Tea, Ginger Tea, cassia seed tea, Persimmon Tea, Polygonum Multiflorum Tea, Acorus calamus Tea, Chrysanthemum Tea, etc. All things with a single taste are put in water and boiled instead of tea, so that the effect of each single taste can be obtained. Third, the way of diet and health care 0 1, the source of health care According to Zhou Li Tianguan, the court doctors at that time were divided into four types: food and clothing, sick doctors, wounded doctors and veterinarians. Among them, the food doctor is a nutrition doctor who manages the diet for the emperor. We can know that as early as the Zhou Dynasty, China had a thorough understanding of the relationship between diet and health. In the tenth chapter of The Analects of Confucius, Confucianism said: "You never tire of eating fine food, but you never tire of eating fine food." If you eat it, the fish will be hungry and the meat will be defeated. Although there is a lot of meat, it is not better than eating, but the wine is endless and not chaotic. The wine market is full of pickled food. Don't withdraw ginger food, don't eat more. "This statement can be regarded as the earliest literature on food hygiene in ancient China. Confucius believed that people should not only choose fresh ingredients in their diet, but also pay special attention to cooking. Confucius also mentioned: "A gentleman doesn't want to eat enough, and he doesn't want peace. As can be seen from the above, Confucianism attaches great importance to the problem of diet. However, although later Confucianism played their respective roles, what Confucius said was the greatest achievement. 02. Insufficient food supplement is the iron law, which is the development of traditional health preservation in China. Food supplement includes not only diet therapy and nourishing essence after illness, but also the original intention of keeping in good health and adjusting diet. Among so many vegetarian dishes, traditional health-preserving family seems to be more focused on light vegetarian dishes. From a nutritional point of view, vegetables and bean products help digestion. These light and nutritious vegetarian foods are more suitable for the elderly. If you can eat vegetarian food to a certain extent, you can effectively inhibit diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. Moreover, a large amount of cellulose contained in vegetarian food can also remove oil stains in the intestines in time and keep healthy. Back to modern times, although the diet is mainly vegetarian, not all of them don't touch meat and fishy food, because in terms of nutritional components, animal food contains a lot of protein and lipids, so a proper combination of meat and vegetables is also important in diet. Zhu also said: "Don't be full, don't be greedy, eat in time, be shameless and hate food." "In short, the diet should be simple and simple, and you can't eat too much.