Su Shi (1037 65438+10.8-165438+August 24), whose name is Zi Zhan, whose name is He Zhong, was named Dongpo Jushi, who was called Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) and Luancheng, Hebei, was a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to Huangzhou as Yong Lian's assistant ambassador because of the Wutai Poetry Case. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he was known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname, posthumous title "article".
Su Shi is the representative of the highest literary achievement in Song Dynasty, and he has made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. His poems have a wide range of themes, fresh and vigorous, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique style. He and Huang Tingjian are also called "Su Huang". Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; His prose works are rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi is also good at books and is one of the "Song Sijia"; He is good at painting, especially at ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Yi Zhuan of Dongpo and Yuefu of Dongpo.
2. Su Shi is in Huizhou
Shao Shengyuan (1094) was banished to Huizhou by the imperial court on the charge of "belittling the first dynasty" and lived in Huizhou for two years and seven months. Compassion, concern for people's livelihood, expose the darkness of current politics, and persuade local officials to do good for the people, so it is deeply loved by Huizhou people and will always be remembered by Huizhou people.
I love Huizhou landscape, visited Luofu Mountain, Baishui Mountain, Tangquan and West Lake, and wrote many poems, praising the beauty of Huizhou landscape and expressing my concern for the country and people. Make friends with Huizhou people, from local officials to literati, and even wine sellers like Huang Po are his friends.
During his demotion, I heard that party member, Yuan You, was gone forever, and "there is no hope of returning to the north", so I made up my mind to "buy land and build a house and be a Huizhou native". Buy a few acres of land in Baihefeng to build 20 houses, plant fruit trees, dig wells to get water, and let his son Sun Zhihui live, so as to fulfill his long-cherished wish of "being a Lingnan person when he grows up". However, the good times did not last long. Lived for 40 days and was banished to Hainan. Since then, his descendants have lived in Dongpo until they moved inward.
After Dongpo went, he left a number of cultural sites in Huizhou, such as Dongpojing, Hejiang Building, Jiayou Temple, the former residence of BaiHefeng Dongpo and Xixinqiao, and wrote 160 poems, more than 300 letters and articles, leaving precious cultural heritage for Huizhou people.
3. Su Shi is in Hangzhou
Su Shi worked in Hangzhou twice. When Su Shi first came to Hangzhou as a judge, it happened that six wells supplying drinking water to the people were in disrepair and could not supply water. Su Shi groped out a plan to dredge six wells and Shen Gongjing, and together with Chen Xiang of that year, he made a very effective restoration of six wells, allowing the people to drink six wells again.
When Su Shi arrived in Hangzhou for the second time, he encountered a serious natural disaster. Flood in winter and spring, followed by drought. Su Shi decided to use the money for repairing the official residence to buy rice to satisfy hunger, and then saved money again and again, and asked the court to reduce taxes on this road to avoid accumulating debts and increase the purchase of rice from regular warehouses in case of famine. Due to Su Shi's repeated requests, the court decided to set aside 200,000 grains of rice on this road to relieve hunger, reduce the supply of rice by one third, and give 300 grains to help relieve hunger. As a result, the price of rice gradually fell, and no one starved to death in Yuan You in the spring of 5 years.
1945 During the famine in Yuan You, the plague was prevalent, and Hangzhou was a land where land and water met, and the mortality rate of the epidemic was higher than other places. Su Shi sent someone to make porridge and medicine, which saved many people. Considering the status of Hangzhou as an important town, Su Shi donated 520 gold, together with public funds, to set up a sick workshop called Anlefang to take in poor patients and treat them. Su Shi personally led doctors to treat diseases in different places and cured more than a thousand people. In the ancient official charity medical career, I wrote a rich and colorful stroke!
When Su Shi and Yuan You came to Hangzhou for the second time in four years, the swamp of the West Lake was amazing. According to Su Shi's observation, comparing with the situation when he left Hangzhou 16 years ago, it is bound to directly affect the survival of Hangzhou. Faced with such a serious threat, Su Shi immediately set out to make a plan to dredge the West Lake, and presented the throne of begging for the West Lake in Hangzhou to the court. By the way, this memorial hall is the first time to use the name "West Lake" in official documents.
The dredging project presided over by Su Shi is unprecedented in scale. He demolished the paddy fields surrounded by private people in the lake, and the whole lake was dug deep, and a large amount of dredged paddy mud was built in the west of the lake, forming a long dike connecting the north and the south, which was later called Su Gong dike. In addition, in the deepest part of the lake, that is, the pavilion in the middle of the lake, three stone pagodas were built. It is forbidden to breed water lilies in this area to prevent shallow sedimentation at the bottom of the lake, which later evolved into "three pools reflecting the moon"
The Guanzhong Canal in Hangzhou is a boat in the city. However, for a long time, local officials have been greedy for convenience, drawing tide into the river, and every time the tide rises, there is sediment deposition, and the Caohe River collapses, making it difficult to navigate, so they have to scour it for three years, which is a waste of people and money. After personally inspecting the water system of Hangzhi River, Su Shi led the people to dredge Maoshan River and Yanqiao River for more than ten miles each, and the water depth was more than eight feet, which was the depth that Junhe had not reached for decades. According to Su Jian, who is proficient in water conservancy, he built a dike between the two rivers to control the river and the tide. Because the low tide does not enter the market and the river is not silted, ships often sail.
Six wells and Shen Gongjing, which were built last time, are abandoned again. It is inconvenient for Hangzhou people to drink water, and even a bottle of water costs eight yuan. Su Shi was determined to solve the water problem of the people thoroughly and permanently, and personally visited the old monk who was over 70 years old and participated in well management. Su Shi took the advice of the old monk and replaced the bamboo tube with a tile tube and filled it with a stone trough to make the bottom cover tight and durable. In addition, he also used excess water to drill a second well at the farthest place from this well outside Renhe Gate, and directly led six wells to thousands of households with a tile pipe, thus expanding the water supply scope. Since then, "the well water in West Lake is almost all over the city".