In the first month of Fu Yuan's third year (1 100), Song Zhezong died at the age of 25. The Prime Minister advocated that Li Zhezong should be Zhao, his mother and brother, or he should be the eldest brother who applied for Wang Zhao, but he told the Empress Dowager (Empress Zongshen) that he had no children and all his sons were illegitimate, excluding Zhao who suffered from eye diseases. But with the support of Ceng Bu, Cai Bian and many generals, Empress Dowager Cixi made Evonne emperor. In the second year of Evonne's accession to the throne, he died to the Queen Mother and changed his title to "Zhong Jian Guo Jing". This is the beginning of Evonne's ruling regime which has been in power for 25 years. After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, he shared military and political affairs with the Queen Mother. The Queen Mother was an old school when she was a religious sect. After coming to power, she appointed Han Zhongyan, the oldest son of Han Qi, the old guard, as the ruling party, and soon she was promoted to the right. The left-wing Zhang Dun and the ruling Cai Bian were attacked one after another, and Cai Bian was first demoted as the magistrate. At the same time, the reputation of exiled conservative officials was restored and conservative officials came to power one after another. In July of that year, shortly after the Queen Mother's comeback, Zhang Dun, the left phase who opposed Li Huizong as emperor, was dismissed, Han Zhongyan was promoted to the left phase and Ceng Bu was promoted to the right phase. At that time, the struggle between conservatives and reformists was getting worse. Some officials thought that both Yuan You and Shao Sheng had made mistakes, so they should eliminate prejudice and reconcile contradictions. Therefore, the following year was changed to Zhong Jian Guo Jing to show that "politics is based on neutrality" and "it shows our ambition and will always be the Swiss people's". However, the struggle between the old and new parties has not stopped but intensified. 1 1 month (110/1), Deng Xun-zhi initiated Hui Zong's explanation of the theory of divinity, attacked Han Zhongyan, the left phase, and recommended Cai Jing as the phase, which was supported by Wen Yi, the ruling and opposition party, and was adopted by Hui Zong. First, at the end of the same month, he decided to change next year to the first year of Chongning, explicitly abandoning the reconciliation policy and advocating law, learning and reform instead.
Cai Jing is a political speculator. Wang Anshi supported political reform. At the beginning of Yuan You, he actively responded to Sima Guang's call to overthrow the new law. Shao Shengchu also actively echoed the new law. Shortly after he acceded to the throne, Hui Zong was attacked by the old school, and was removed from his post in order to promote the temple and lived in Hangzhou (now Zhejiang). Made friends with Tong Guan, the eunuch who went to Hangzhou to collect calligraphy and painting. Cai Jing was gradually appreciated by Song Huizong, a painter. Deng Yanwu and Wen Yi knew that Hui Zong would definitely. In May of the first year of Chongning (1 102), Han Zhongyan, the left phase, was first demoted to the position of magistrate, and Cai Jing was promoted to the position of power. Subsequently, Ceng Bu, the right phase, was demoted to a well-known position, and Cai Jing was promoted to the right phase, and soon he was promoted to the left phase, and he lived alone for three years. After two strikes, he returned to the prime minister (Hui Zong changed the left servant Tai Zai to the prime minister and the right servant Shao Zai to the deputy prime minister). At the end of Hui Zong, Cai Jing, who had been an official for many years, was also in charge of state affairs as a surname. Hui Zong period has always been dominated by Cai Jing and his followers, who, under the banner of expounding Zongshen's reform, rejected dissidents and attacked opponents.
Cai Jing and others, all in the name of Shao Shu's new law, do all kinds of evils, buy people's hearts, sell officials and titles, "three thousand telegrams ("telegram "means the same meaning) go straight to the secretary's cabinet; Five hundred passes, pass the sentence. " Make excuses, increase taxes and plunder people's wealth. Another example is the so-called money collection done by the government, which means "adding wine money and tax money, and collecting the boss, sales contract and other money in detail, but every little makes a mickle." Excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes have accumulated a lot of wealth. "Fifty million yuan in coins this spring", "Therefore, Jiuding was built, Amin Hall was built, squares were built, and Taoist temples were set up". We not only built the Yanfu Palace and the larger Genyue in the north of Miyagi, but also took the opportunity to repair their luxurious houses with the plundered wealth of the people. In order to stop other officials' comments, the imperial edict was not drafted by the provincial government, reviewed by the provincial government and promulgated after the performance. Instead, it was issued immediately after signing the book, which was called "imperial edict", and even the eunuch was asked to write a ghost, which was called "book promotion" to achieve their arbitrary purpose.
In the early years of Hui Zong, eunuch Emperor Wen of Sui first set up "paddy field service" in Ruzhou (now Henan) and began to legislate. He can plant rice fields, collect land ownership from private families and pursue it until there is no title deed to prove it. Originally, the land outside the land ownership was called the commons, and the growers had to pay the public land money as tenants, which was later extended to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins. The Liangshan Dragon (Bo), which permeates hundreds of miles, is the residence of fishermen along the lake in Jeju (now Juye, Shandong Province) and Yunzhou (now Dongping). It is also mandatory to collect taxes by ship, and those who evade taxes are punished as bandits. Under the destruction of Li Yan and his followers, the people in the north also fell into poverty, and small-scale uprisings continued to occur. In the first year of Xuanhe (1 1 19), Song Jiang rebelled on Hebei Road. In the same year1February, it developed into a peasant uprising army with a certain scale, known as the "Hebei opera thief", and the Northern Song Dynasty imperial court issued a letter to surrender. However, Song Jiang was not embraced, but moved south to JD.COM Road in the second year. He is called "JD". COM thief "lived in Qing, Hebei, Yun and Pu (now Juancheng North, Shandong Province). At this time, Fang La in the south held an uprising, which developed rapidly. Hou Meng, the former ruler of Bozhou (now Anhui), wrote: "Thirty-six people in the Song Dynasty crossed the Qi and Wei Dynasties, and tens of thousands of loyal officials did not dare to resist, so their talents would surpass others. Now that Qingxi has been stolen, if you don't forgive the river, please ask Fang La to redeem yourself. " Later, Song Jiang moved south, and Yizhou (now Linyi, Shandong Province) pretended to know that Jiang Yuan agreed to attack the Song Jiang rebels in the south from the channel. After the rebels suffered heavy losses, they "retreated to the north between Mongolia". At the beginning of the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), the Sung River Rebels went south to the Huaiyang Army (now the south of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province), and the court sent officials to pursue them. The rebel army continued southward and entered the Chuzhou area of Huainan Road (now Huai 'an), also known as "Huainan thief". When the uprising army turned north and passed through Shuyang, it was attacked by Wang Shixin, the county magistrate, and suffered slight losses. In February, in Haizhou (now southwest of Lianyungang), the magistrate "ambushed him and captured his deputy thief, and (Song) Jiang Nai surrendered".
The biggest peasant uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty was the Fang La Uprising Army. Fang La is the owner of the lacquer garden in the western mountainous area of Qingxi (now Chun 'anxi) in Zhou Mu, Zhejiang. He was taken away by the artificial bureau many times. He used various secret religious organizations including Zoroastrianism (Manichaeism) to organize an uprising, found Li Zheng in the middle, so he killed Li Zheng and defected to Xuanhe II. People in Zhejiang province, suffering from the "Flower Stone Class", responded in succession. The rebels immediately occupied Zhou Mu and Zhou She, and the news reached the capital Kaifeng. Tong Guan, a trusted eunuch and privy council official (the highest military officer), immediately sent hundreds of thousands of troops south, and the rebels captured Hangzhou (now Zhejiang Province), the capital of Zhejiang Province, almost at the same time. Fang La refused to send his men north to seize Jiangning.
In the first month of the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), loyal ministers in the Northern Song Dynasty were ordered to seize Jiangning and Runzhou first. At the end of the month, when the East Road Rebels besieged Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing, Zhejiang), the East Road loyalist also arrived in Xiuzhou. The rebels retreated to Hangzhou under the attack of loyalists inside and outside, and loyalists captured Hangzhou in mid-February. The rebels on the west road heading north were frustrated in Jingde, Ningguo and Zhangzhou. In March and April, loyalists occupied Quzhou and Wuzhou. In mid-April, Fang La abandoned Qingxi and returned to Zhuyuan Cave in the western mountainous area. Under the attack of loyal ministers from the East and the West, after several days of fierce fighting, the rebels were defeated. On 26th, Fang La was captured by Han Shizhong, a small loyalist officer, and the uprising failed. The rest of the insurgents moved to eastern Zhejiang, and finally failed in August. Fang La was captured and sent to Kaifeng, the capital, where he was killed in late August. Although the Northern Song Dynasty suppressed the Fang La Uprising, it didn't learn a lesson and reformed the political situation, but it was even darker and more corrupt. About five years later, the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by gold. In the first year of Zheng He (1 1 1), Zheng Yunzhong and Tong Guan established Liao, and the Liao people planted a night to worship Tong Guan's plan to destroy Liao, which was valued by Tong Guan. So they made an appointment for Ma Su's return. When Ma Su arrived in the capital of song dynasty, he wrote a letter and put forward a plan to send envoys to Dengzhou (now Shandong). Deeply appreciated, he was given the name Li Liangsi and later changed his surname to Zhao. After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, Song sent envoys to cross the sea and failed to land. In the first year of Zhonghe (1 1 18), Ling Jin verbally stated that Song Jin had joined forces with Liao, Yan and Yun regions, and Jin sent Song and others to discuss the alliance. In the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), Zhao Liangsi and Jin sent envoys to the Song Dynasty. The two sides agreed to attack Liao, Liao Yanjing was captured by Song Jun, and 8 Jin Army attacked Dadingfu in central Liaoning (now the west of Ningcheng, Liaoning). After Liao's death, the region was returned to the Song Dynasty, which handed over the old coins originally given to the Liao Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty.
However, due to corruption and insufficient combat effectiveness, hundreds of thousands of troops attacked Liaoning (Yanjing) twice, both of which were defeated by the Liao defenders, and Liaoning was captured by the Jin army. The Song Dynasty paid an extra 1 million yuan as tax money, which was delivered to the Jin Dynasty together with the annual "old coins". In April of the fifth year of Xuanhe (1 123), Jin Fang returned Yanjing and its six western regions in Kyushu to the Song Dynasty. Most of the residents of Yanjing have been taken captive by Jin to the northeast and become slaves. What Song got was only a dilapidated empty city in the "city of foxholes in autumn", and Song set up Yanshanfu Road to rule the newly acquired Yanjing area. In Yunzhou (western Liaoning, Beijing) area, Jin Taizu also said that it belonged to the Song Dynasty when it paid for military expenses. In May, Jin promised to return Shuozhou (now Shanxi), Wu (now Shenchi, Shanxi) and Wei (now Yuxian, Hebei) to Song, but before it could be implemented, it was suspended because of his death in June of the same year.
At the beginning of Jin Taizong's accession to the throne, he also abided by the Covenant. In the sixth year of Xuanhe (1 124), both of them opposed cutting Shaanxi and Song, and Emperor Taizong also said, "Go against the orders of the former emperors, hurry." In August of the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Emperor Taizong of Jin once again ordered the east and west armies to go south on a large scale. Sun Fu, the minister of the Song Ministry of War, pinned his hopes on the soldier Guo Jing. Guo Jing lied that he was pregnant with the magical power of Buddhism and defeated the enemy with the "Six-Jia Method" and "Pishamen Heavenly King Method" of Buddhism. But the magic soldiers were defeated, and the nomads from the army took the opportunity to attack the city in four ways, and the nomads from the army captured Bianjing. Song Qinzong sent a special envoy to Jin Ying to seek peace, but Han Zong and Wang Zong refused. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), at the end of November, the nomads army went south again. 1February 15, the battle of Tokyo was defeated, and the Jin army broke through Bianjing, which was abolished and abandoned. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), at the end of March, Hui Di and Emperor Qin were escorted to the north, together with thousands of empresses, royalty and officials, as well as musicians, craftsmen, coachmen, ceremonial masters, crowns, ritual vessels, astronomical instruments, treasures, imperial books, and maps of state capitals in the world. So it happened in Jingkang period, which is called "Jingkang Change" in history. It is said that when Song Huizong heard that the treasure was looted, he didn't care. When he heard that the Royal Library was also robbed, he sighed. Song Huizong was humiliated on the way to be escorted. First, the love princess Wang Wanrong was forcibly taken away by Jinjiang. Then, when he arrived in the capital of the State of Jin, he was ordered to wear mourning clothes with him to pay a visit to the temple in Akuta, which means that he presented a prisoner to Mao. Later, Song Huizong was humiliated by Di Chin and imprisoned in Hanzhou (now Changtu County, Liaoning Province), and then moved to Wu Guocheng (now yilan county, Heilongjiang Province) to be imprisoned.
During his imprisonment, Song Huizong suffered mental torture and wrote many poems of regret, sadness and desolation, such as: "The west wind broke the door all night, and Yi Deng was lonely and depressed. Looking back at Jiashan for three thousand miles, there are no geese flying in Shannan. " In July of the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Cao Xun, a courtier, was sent to the Southern Song Dynasty from Jin Secret. Before he left, he gave him a vest he wore, which said, "Come and save your parents." Song Huizong showed these words to the courtiers around him, and all the courtiers cried. Song Huizong cried and reminded Cao Xun, remembering to tell Kang Wang Zhao Gou "Don't forget the pain of my northbound journey", and then took out a white gauze handkerchief to wipe his tears, and then gave it to Cao Xun, saying, "Let the emperor (Emperor Gaozong) know that I miss my motherland and shed tears."
In the eighth year of Jintianhui (1 130), in July, the rulers moved the second emperor to Wu Guocheng (now the North Old Town of yilan county, Heilongjiang) and placed him under house arrest. When we arrived in the five kingdoms city, only 140 men and women accompanied us. During his exile, Hui Zong was still personable and good at writing poems, and he was deeply touched by reading Biography of Li Bi in Tang Dynasty. Song Huizong was imprisoned for nine years. In the 13th year of Jintianhui (1 135), Song Huizong finally died of mental torture in Wu Guocheng at the age of 54. Jin Xizong buried him in Guangning, Henan Province (near Luoyang, Henan Province today).
In February, the first year of Jin Emperor Tong (11), in order to improve the relationship with the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Xizong of Jin made the dead Hui Zong the king of Tianshui County and Emperor Qinzong the duke of Tianshui County. The first is to improve the level. Originally, Hui Zong was named the second-class Duke of Confusion, and later was named the King of Tianshui County, and was promoted to the first class. The former Qin Sect was named the third-class faint Hou, and now it is named the Duke of Tianshui County and promoted to the second class. The second is to remove the insulting meaning in the original title. The third is to take Tianshui County of Zhao as the national title to show respect. In the second year of Di Chin (1 142), the Song and Jin parties, according to the agreement, transported the body back to the capital Shaoxing (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), where it was buried in the mausoleum with the hall number.
In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), in March, the Shaoxing peace talks between Song and Jin completely completed all the procedures. In the summer of April, Ding Mao (1 142 in May, 1), Wei Xianfei, the mother of Emperor Gaozong, and Hui Zong's coffin returned to the Song Dynasty. In August of the same year, more than ten ox carts arrived in Zhejiang. In October, Hui Zong was temporarily buried in Huiji County (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), Shaoxing Prefecture in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was named Yongguling (later renamed Yongjiuling).