A. Idioms from historical stories (including characters)
Stay out of the house
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong listened to rumors, killed Prince Shen Sheng, and sent someone to arrest Shen Sheng's younger brother Zhong Er. Zhong Er heard the news, escaped from the state of Jin, and forgot about it for more than ten years.
Zhong Er came to the state of Chu after many hardships. King Chu Cheng thought that Zhong Er would make great achievements in the future, so he greeted him with the gift of nations and treated him like a distinguished guest.
One day, the King of Chu hosted a banquet in honor of Zhong Er, and the two of them had a chat and the atmosphere was very harmonious. Suddenly, the king of Chu asked Zhong Er, "How can you repay me if you return to the State of Jin and become a monarch one day?" Zhong Er thought for a moment and said, "Beautiful women are waiting for you, precious silk, and you have plenty of rare birds' feathers, ivory hides, and even more abundant in Chu. What rare items are there for the King of Jin?" The king of Chu said, "Your son is too modest. Having said that, you should show me something, right? " Zhong Er smiled and replied, "Thanks to you. If I can really return to China to be in power, I would like to be friendly with your country. If one day, there is a war between Jin and Chu, I will definitely order the army to retreat first (one house is equal to 3 miles). If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "
Four years later, Zhong Er really returned to the State of Jin and became the monarch, which is the famous Jin Wengong in history. The state of Jin became stronger and stronger under his rule.
in 633 BC, the armies of Chu and Jin met in battle. In order to fulfill his promise, Jin Wengong ordered the army to retreat 9 miles and stay in Chengpu. When the Chu army saw that the Jin army was retreating, it thought that the other party was afraid and immediately pursued it. The Jin army took advantage of the weakness of the Chu army's pride in underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces and defeated the Chu army greatly, and won the battle of Chengpu.
The story comes from Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-two Years of Xi Gong. The idiom "retreat from three houses" means not to argue with others or make concessions voluntarily.
Looking at Plums to Quench Thirst
One summer, Cao Cao led his troops to crusade against Zhang Xiu. The weather was surprisingly hot, the sun was like fire, and there was not a cloud in the sky. The troops walked on the winding mountain road, with dense trees and hot rocks on both sides, which made people breathless. By noon, the soldiers' clothes were soaked, the marching speed slowed down, and several weak soldiers fainted on the side of the road.
Cao Cao was worried that the marching speed was getting slower and slower, and he was worried that the fighter plane would be delayed. However, at present, tens of thousands of people can't even drink water, how can they speed up? He immediately called the guide and asked him quietly, "Is there a water source near here?" The guide shook his head and said, "The spring is on the other side of the valley. It's a long way to detour." Cao Cao thought for a moment and said, "No, time is too late." He looked at the forest in front of him, thought for a while, and said to the guide, "Don't say anything, I'll think of something." He knew that even if he ordered the troops to speed up at the moment, it wouldn't help. With a brainwave, the solution came. He grabbed the horse's stomach and quickly rushed to the front of the team. He pointed at the front with his whip and said, "Soldiers, I know there is a large piece of Meilin in front, where the plums are big and delicious. Let's hurry and bypass this hill and get to Meilin!" Hearing this, the soldiers seemed to have eaten it in their mouths, and their spirits were greatly boosted, and their pace couldn't help speeding up a lot.
The story comes from Shi Shuo Xin Yu False Prophecy. The idiom "looking at plums to quench thirst" means comforting yourself or others with fantasy.
carrying faggots to put out a fire
At the end of the Warring States Period, the State of Qin launched a series of large-scale attacks on the State of Wei, which was unable to resist, and large areas of land were occupied by Qin Jun. By 273 BC, Qin had once again sent troops to Wei, with unprecedented momentum.
Wang Wei called the ministers and asked them sadly if there was any way to make Qin retreat. After years of war, ministers trembled with fear at the mention of war, and no one dared to talk about the word "resistance". At this critical moment when the soldiers were under siege, most ministers advised Wang Wei to make peace with the king of Qin at the expense of large areas of land north of the Yellow River and south of Taihang Mountain.
Su Dai, the counselor, was very disapproving when he heard these words. He quickly went up to Wang Wei and said, "Your Majesty, they sent you to betray your country for peace because they were afraid of death, and they didn't think about the country at all. You think, although ceding a large area of land to Qin temporarily satisfied the ambition of the king of Qin, Qin's desire is endless. As long as Wei's land is not cut, Qin Jun will not stop attacking us. "
Speaking of this, Su Dai told a story: Once upon a time, there was a man whose house caught fire. He was advised to use water to put out the fire quickly, but he refused to listen and picked up a bundle of firewood to put out the fire, because he didn't understand that firewood could not put out the fire, but could help the fire. If the king agrees to take the land of Wei to make peace, isn't it equal to holding firewood to put out the fire?
despite Su Dai's eloquent remarks, timid Wang Wei only cared about the immediate peace, and ceded a large area of land from Wei to Qin according to the opinions of his ministers. In 225 AD, Qin Jun attacked Wei again, surrounded the girders of the capital, dug up the Yellow River levee and flooded the girder city. Wei was finally destroyed by Qin.
The story is from Historical Records Wei Shijia. The idiom "carrying faggots to put out a fire" means that the evil is eliminated in the wrong way, but as a result, the evil is enlarged.
B. What are the idioms and allusions of historical figures?
Han Xin's generals, the more the better, is a Chinese idiom. The more descriptions, the better. It is generally used in a large demand for things, and the quality is not limited.
from Sima Qian's Historical Records Biography of Huaiyin Hou; Wang Shizhen's "Yi Yuan Yan Yan" Volume III: "Han Xin uses more troops to do more. This is the beauty of chemical creation.
A cock crow and a dog thief is a Chinese idiom, which refers to insignificant skills. It also refers to sneaking around.
It's from Biography of Meng Changjun in Historical Records: Qi Meng Changjun was detained by Zhao Wang when he sent a mission to Qin, and a man from Meng went into Qin camp pretending to be a dog and stole a fox white fur to give to Zhao Wang's concubine to express his feelings and let Meng go. When Meng fled to Hangu Pass, King Zhao ordered a chase. Another diner pretended to be a chicken and told all the chickens to sing together to trick the city gate, so Meng was able to escape back to Qi.
The original meaning of smelling chickens dancing is to get up and dance swords when they crow. Later, it means that people who are interested in serving their country will get up immediately.
The Biography of Zu Ti in the Book of Jin: It is said that Zu Ti, a general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was ambitious when he was young. Every time he talked with his friend Liu Kun about the current situation, he was always impassioned and filled with indignation. In order to serve the country, they got up in the middle of the night with their clothes on, drew their swords and practiced martial arts, and worked hard.
Mao sui was a guest of Ping Yuanjun, Zhao. Self-recommendation is an idiom, which means to volunteer and recommend yourself for a job.
Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty's Biography of Ping Yuanjun Yu Qing: "Those who have a lot of achievements at home praised Ping Yuanjun, saying,' Then I heard that you will be in harmony with Chu, and you will join twenty people at the diners' door. If there is one less person, I hope that you will be able to prepare for it.
C. Idioms and allusions of historical figures
1. Make a concerted effort (Cao Xu)
Pronunciation: y ī g ǔ zu ò q ò, a Chinese idiom; Interpretation: a drum: the first drum; Work: cheer up; Qi: courage. The morale was lifted when the drum was played for the first time. Metaphor is to summon up energy when you are energetic and finish the work in one breath.
Related story: In the spring of the tenth year of Duke Zhuang of Lu, the Qi army attacked the State of Lu, and Duke Zhuang of Lu was about to face it. Cao Gui asked Zhuang Gong to summon him. His fellow countryman said, "The big officials will plan this matter, so why should you participate?" Cao Gui said: "Big officials are short-sighted, so they can't think ahead." So he went into the palace to see Zhuang Gong.
Cao Gui asked Lord Zhuang, "Why do you fight with Qi?" Zhuang Gong said, "Food and clothing are things that make people's lives stable. I dare not possess them alone, but I must give them to others." Cao Gui said: "This kind of small kindness can't spread all over the people, and the people won't listen to you." Zhuang Gong added, "I never dare to falsely report the number of sacrificial cattle, sheep, jade and silk. I must be honest and trustworthy."
Cao Gui said, "This sincerity is hard to convince people, and the gods will not bless you." Zhuang Gong went on to say, "Although we can't understand every case clearly, we must handle it reasonably." Cao Gui said, "This is what we should do, and we can go to war with this. Please allow me to go with you in the war. "
Duke Zhuang of Lu and Cao Gui rode in the same chariot and fought against the Qi army in Changshao. As soon as Zhuang Gong went to the battlefield, he was about to March on drums. Cao Gui said, "Not now." After the Qi army beat the drum three times, Cao Gui said, "You can beat the drum and March."
As a result, the Qi army was defeated. Zhuang Justice wanted to order a chase, and Cao Gui said, "Not yet." After that, I got off the bus to see the car prints of the Qi army, and then got on the bus, holding the crossbar in front of the car and watching the formation of the Qi army. After careful observation, he said, "Now you can pursue." Therefore, Duke Zhuang ordered the army to pursue the Qi army.
In the end, Lu's army defeated Qi's army. Duke Zhuang of Lu asked Cao Gui why he won. Cao Gui replied: Fighting depends on courage. The first drum beating can cheer up the soldiers' courage. The soldiers' courage will weaken when they roll the drum for the second time. By the time the drum was beaten for the third time, the soldiers' courage had dried up. The enemy's courage was exhausted and our courage was flourishing, so we defeated them.
2. A teacher of one word (Zheng Gu)
A teacher of one word is a Chinese idiom, which means a teacher who corrects a word. Some good poems are more perfect after others change a word, and they are often called teachers of one word. Many idiom stories.
Related story: Zheng Gu lives in Yuanzhou, so Qi Ji went to visit him with his own poems. One of the poems, "Early Plum", wrote: "In Qiancun Zita Law, several branches opened last night." Zheng Gu smiled and said, "Counting branches can't show early intention, so it's better to use one branch."
Qi Ji was so surprised that he couldn't help tidying up his three clothes and made a respectful bow to Zheng Gu. Since then, many scholars have regarded Zheng Gu as Qi Ji's "teacher of one word".
3. A word is worth a thousand dollars (Lv Buwei)
A word is worth a thousand dollars, which is a Chinese idiom. The pinyin is y and z ? qi ā n j and n, which means that a word is worth a thousand dollars. Originally, it means to change a word to give a thousand dollars, which describes the high value of words and wonderful words. It also refers to the preciousness of calligraphy works.
related story: at the end of the warring States period, Lv Buwei, a big businessman, made the biggest speculative business in Chinese and foreign history. He spared no expense to make the prince of Qin, who was taken hostage in Zhao State, the monarch of Qin State. Makes when the king of Qin, in order to repay the kindness of Lv Buwei, named Lv Buwei as prime minister.
from a businessman, he became a prominent figure under one person and above ten thousand people, and became the authority of advancing and retreating hundreds of officials. The big and small officials in the DPRK did not say anything, but they were very unconvinced.
Lv Buwei also knows that his political expectations are too shallow, and people may be talking privately. He thinks that improving his reputation is the best way to convince people. But how can we improve quickly? He can't think of any good way at the moment. Lv Buwei was so worried about this matter that he called the public to discuss it.
Some people say, "We know that Confucius has a good reputation because he wrote a book called Spring and Autumn Annals. Sun Wu became a general of the State of Wu because the King of Wu read Sun Tzu's Art of War first. Why can't we write a book that will be famous for the present and set an example for future generations?"
Lv Buwei thought this method was very good, and ordered the public to organize people to write it immediately.
At that time, Lv Buwei had 3, visitors, and soon wrote 26 volumes and 16 articles, the title of which was called "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals". After the writing was completed, Lv Buwei ordered the full text to be copied out and posted on the gate of Xianyang, and issued a notice: "Whoever can add one or reduce one, or even change one, will be rewarded with a thousand taels of gold."
4, the picture is poor (Jing Ke)
The picture is poor, the pronunciation is tú qióng bǐ xiàn, and the picture is a map; Poor: exhausted; See: interchangeable words, the same as "now". Metaphorically, in the end, the truth or intention is revealed.
Related story: At the end of the Warring States Period, the State of Qin was very powerful. After destroying the State of Zhao, it hit the State of Yan in the north, which was in jeopardy. Prince Dan of Yan invited Jing Ke to assassinate the king of Qin, and sent Qin Wuyang, a warrior, as Jing Ke's assistant. Jing Ke took the head of Fan Yuqi, the enemy of Qin, and the map of Du Kang of Yan as a gift, and hid a dagger that had survived the poison in the map.
when Jing Ke and Qin Wuyang arrived in the state of Qin, they bribed the king of Qin to introduce them. The king of Qin was very happy and met them at Xianyang Palace. When he climbed the steps of the palace, Qin Wuyang was so nervous that Jing Ke left him outside.
After seeing the head of Fan Yuqi, the king of Qin wanted to look at the map. Jing Ke came to the king of Qin with a map and offered it. The king of Qin slowly unfolded the map to look at it carefully. When the map came to an end, the dagger hidden inside was exposed.
Jing Ke quickly grabbed the sleeve of the king of Qin with one hand and stabbed him with the dagger with the other. The king of Qin tore off his sleeves and turned to flee, with Jing Ke running after him. At this time, the guards of the king of Qin came here. Jing Ke was injured, so he threw his dagger at the king of Qin, but missed. Finally, Jing Ke was killed by the guards.
5. On paper (Zhao Kuo)
On paper, the pronunciation is zhǐ shàng tán bīng bΡ ng, which is a Chinese idiom that refers to talking about war on paper. Metaphor is empty talk, which can't solve practical problems. It is also a metaphor that empty talk cannot become a reality.
Related story: During the Warring States Period, Zhao She, a general of the State of Zhao, was promoted to Shangqing by King Huiwen of Zhao, who defeated the invading Qin Jun with fewer troops. He has a son named Zhao Kuo, who has been familiar with the art of war since he was a child, and loves to talk about military affairs. People often say that he is not. Therefore, I am very proud and think that the world is invincible.
However, Zhao She was very worried about him, thinking that he was just an armchair strategist, and said, "Zhao doesn't need him as a general in the future. If he is used as a general, he will definitely make Zhao Jun suffer defeat."
Sure enough, in 259 BC, Qin Jun attacked again, and Zhao army persisted in resisting the enemy in Changping (now near Gaoping, Shanxi). Zhao She was dead by then. Lian Po is in charge of commanding the whole army. Although he is old, he still has a good way to fight, which makes Qin Jun unable to win.
The State of Qin knew that it was not good for him to drag on, so he used a double agent and sent people to Zhao to spread the words "General Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao She, whom Qin Jun was most afraid of". The prince of Zhao was deceived and sent Zhao Kuo instead of Lian Po.
Zhao Kuo thought he was good at fighting, so he copied the articles in the art of war. After Changping, he completely changed Lian Po's battle plan. As a result, more than 4, Zhao troops were wiped out, and he himself was shot dead by Qin Jun.
D. Idioms from historical stories, the important person
Cao Zhi said that Cao Zhi borrowed an arrow from a grass boat to make Zhuge Liang talk on paper. . . . . .
e. Idioms and characters about historical stories
Pay a living wage and taste courage. W ò x ī ná ngd ? n
[Explanation] Salary: firewood. Sleep on firewood; Always have a taste of gall. Metaphor hard to motivate themselves; The intention of firm revenge is ambition.
[out] Song Su Shi's "Quasi-Sun Quan Answer to Cao Cao": "Since the servant was sent; Resting on one's laurels; Mourn the sun and the moon and sigh the fame. "
[accent] taste; It can't be pronounced "cánɡ".
[shape discrimination] salary; Can't write "new"
[near meaning] Be angry and try to force a snack