“The atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty refers to the vigorous atmosphere in poetry.”[1] It “focuses on the overall impression given by the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the style of the times and the spirit of the times: broad, powerful, Profound and transcendent; abundant vitality, joy of creation, brand-new experience; and a new sense of beauty formed through the use of images, the presentation of artistic conception, the combination of temperament and sound and color" [2]; it covers the literati of the prosperous Tang Dynasty in The broad vision, free and active thoughts, vigorous vitality, and exciting spirit shown in literature. It shows the overall spiritual outlook of a powerful nation in its heyday. As the great romantic poet of this period, Li Bai, his poems It strongly and vividly expresses the atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
1. The sense of superiority and self-confidence of the powerful nation in the prosperous era, the poet's positive attitude towards life, and the lofty political ambitions.
In one hundred and forty years, the appearance of the country is so impressive.
The Five Phoenix Tower is hidden, and the mountains are across the three rivers.
The princes are like stars and moon, and the guests are like clouds and smoke.
In the Golden Palace of Fighting Cocks, beside the Cuju Yao Platform.
——Li Bai's "Fifty-Nine Ancient Poems" (forty-six)
Recalling the heyday of Kaiyuan in the past, Xiaoyi still has it. Thousands of households.
The rice is dripping with fat and the corn is white, and the public and private warehouses are both abundant.
There are no jackals and tigers on the roads of Kyushu, and the sun rises without success if you travel far.
Qi Wan and Lu's carriages work in shifts, and the men plowing the fields and the women mulching trees keep up with each other.
——Du Fu's "Two Poems on Recalling the Past" (Part 1)
Before the founding of the Tang Dynasty to the "Anshi Rebellion" , the country has been on the rise, especially during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years, the world was at peace, the country was peaceful and the people were safe, and it had reached the heyday of feudal society. This unprecedented prosperity greatly inspired the Chinese people's national self-confidence and sense of superiority of the times. The poet could not help but feel excited in his heart And he sang loudly, praising this era, and determined to dedicate himself to this era. "If you have no ambitions, you will send the sun and the moon with ease. When you are born to the kings of Yao and Shun, if you can't bear it, you will never say goodbye." - Du Fu in his "Five Hundred Words to Fengxian County" In it, he praised Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, compared him with the ancient sage kings Yao and Shun, and then expressed his enthusiasm for serving the country. "The clouds are steaming over the dreamland, and the waves are shaking Yueyang City. There is no boat to help, but the shameful sage is here." - Meng Haoran in " "Wang Dongting Lake Presented to Prime Minister Zhang") used Dongting Lake as a metaphor to show that when he was born in a prosperous age and met the Lord of the Ming Dynasty, he had to do something for the world and could not "live alone" doing nothing. .......Thousands of miles have been spared even at the risk of death, and once you have achieved success, you have painted a picture of the Qilin Pavilion, and entered the Mingguang Palace of the dynasty. You have laughed at the scribes, and you have never been poor. The ancients did not know this way, and they often became old men." - Gao Shi in his "Sai" Song "Part 2") eulogizes the victory of the frontier war, showing that he is full of confidence in the country and the nation, hopes to join the army and establish military exploits, and does not bother to be a poor scholar. , the charioteer Ximen stood still to show off his victory." - Cen Shen in his "Zou Ma Chuan Xing" enthusiastically praised the Western Expeditionary Army for bravely crossing Zou Ma Chuan despite all difficulties and even death, and then confidently predicted that the enemy army would be frightened by the news. The good news will come immediately. "The yellow sand will wear golden armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will never be returned until it is broken." - Wang Changling impassionedly issued a steel oath to defeat the enemy on behalf of the soldiers in his "Army March" (Part 4). Here, In an era when the country was prosperous and the people were strong, and public sentiment was exciting, Li Bai also wrote many frontier fortress poems expressing his generous service to the country and his intention to go to the border to kill the enemy. For example, one of the "Six Songs under the Fortress" ("It snows in the Tianshan Mountains in May, there are no flowers, only cold. Flute" I heard "Breaking Willows" in the middle, and I have never seen the spring scenery. I fight with the golden drum at dawn, and sleep with a jade saddle at night. I would like to put the sword under my waist straight to kill Loulan." The south of the city was heavily surrounded. He broke out of the camp and shot General Hu Yan, and led the remaining soldiers back with thousands of cavalry.") etc. However, Li Bai compared himself more with the famous ancient sages who rejuvenated the country and expressed his ideal of making contributions. For example, "Jing Xia Pi Fei Bridge Huai Zhang Zifang":
The Zifang has not roared like a tiger, and it will not be a family if it goes bankrupt.
A strong man is found in the sea, and the Qin Dynasty waves in the sand.
Although the report to Han failed, the heaven and the earth were shaken.
Hiding yourself in Xiapi is not wise and brave.
Another example is "Liang Fu Yin":
Don’t you see, I’m singing the song of the dynasty, butchering the old man and saying goodbye to Jijin. I’m going to the west to fish for Weibin!
Would you rather be shy and have white hair shining in the clear water? Be strong and think about economics at the right time.
Three thousand six hundred in Guangzhang Diao, Feng Qi secretly married Prince Wen.
The great virtuous tiger turned stupid and unexpected, and he was quite like an ordinary person back then.
Don't you see that Gaoyang's drunkard is drafting, Chang Yi, Shandong Long Zhun Gong!
Don’t rely on eloquence to get started.
The two girls stopped washing to follow the wind.
Seventy-two marches east to Qi City, commanding the Chu and Han Dynasties like a whirling tent.
Another example is "Reading the Biography of Zhuge Wuhou, and presenting the book to Chang'an" "Cui Shaofu's Uncle Feng Kunji":
Chifu's fortune was bad, and Wolong got Kongming.
When it was Nanyang, Longmu was farming by himself.
Fish and water come together, and storms arise all over the world.
Marquis Wu established himself in Minshu, and aspired to conquer Xianjing.
Another example is "Eleven Songs of King Yong's Tour to the East" (Part 2):
But I used Dongshan to thank Anshi, and chatted and laughed with Hu Sha for you.
Li Bai highly praised the people who had built extraordinary achievements in ancient times. On the one hand, he showed his desire to join the world; He also showed his desire to establish achievements on the basis of joining the world. Zhang Liangzhi was brave and heroic. Before joining Emperor Gaozu, he served Korea and sought strong men to attack Qin Shihuang in Bolangsha. For this alone, Li Bai admired him very much. . Jiang Taigong met King Wen when he was eighty years old by slaughtering the old man with Chaoge, and assisted King Wu to establish the Zhou Dynasty. Li Shiqi was no better than a drunkard in Gaoyang, and with his sharp tongue, he went east to conquer the seventy-two cities of Qi. Li Bai was very impressed by their talents and wisdom. He was also extremely admired. Zhuge Liang lived deep in Longzhong and farmed by himself. After coming out of the mountain, he followed his former lord Liu Bei in the north and south, and achieved extraordinary achievements in dividing the world. Soldiers... They are all creators of an era or a situation. Li Bai aspired to be such a person and to establish such meritorious deeds. Driven by this ideal, he sincerely began to worship these ancient heroes and eulogized them to the best of his ability. They entrusted his lofty political ambitions in these eulogies. Li Bai's passionate pursuit of his ideals is a continuation of his positive attitude towards life, and it is also inspired by the spirit of this era.
Li Bai's service to the country His enthusiasm is strong and deep, his belief is firm, and he will not give up under any circumstances. When he was blocked from becoming an official, he wrote an indignant poem: "A jade that does not talk to itself is like a peach and a plum, a fish's eyes laugh at Bian He's shame, Chu Guoqing If there are too many flies, the city's white wall will be slandered." ("Ju Ge Xing") "The phoenix nests in the sycamore tree, and the mandarin thorn nests on the mandarin thorns." ("Ancient Poetry Fifty-Nine" Part 39). But no matter how generous he is, In his speech, he said that he had no talent and no way to serve the country. He was always confident in his own abilities and the future and destiny of the country and society. For example, his "Three Poems on a Difficult Journey" (Part 1):
There are ten thousand dollars worth of wine in gold bottles, and ten thousand dollars worth of delicacies on jade plates.
I stopped eating and threw chopsticks. I drew my sword and looked around at a loss.
I want to cross the Yellow River and the ice is blocking the river. I am about to climb the mountain. The mountains of Taihang are covered with snow.
I was fishing on the Bixi River in my spare time, and suddenly I was riding a boat and dreaming of the sun.
The road was difficult, the road was difficult, and the road was divergent, but now I am safe.
There will be times when the wind and waves break, and the sails will hang straight across the sea.
It is not difficult to see that although the poet here is full of grief and indignation of losing his way, he has never lost confidence in the future. In the poem, he As soon as he mentioned "ice-clogging rivers" and "snow-filled mountains", he seemed to be in a desperate situation, but he immediately compared himself to Jiang Taigong and Yi Yin, thinking that the dawn was just ahead. He just said "the road is difficult, the road is difficult, and the road is divergent." , I am safe now." I felt that I was struggling and didn't know where to go. I suddenly sang "There will be strong winds and waves, and I will hang up my clouds and sail across the sea", expressing that I have the determination and confidence to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and realize my political ambitions. Again For example, "Liang Fu Yin":
I want to climb the dragon to see the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The Thunder Lord bangs the thunderous drum, and there are many beautiful girls throwing pots beside the emperor.
At three o'clock, the lightning flashes with laughter, and the light shines dimly. Wind and rain are rising in the dark.
The nine gates are closed and closed, and those who lock the gates with their foreheads are angry.
The sun does not shine on my sincerity, and Qi's country has nothing to worry about.
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The wolf grinds its teeth and competes for human flesh, and the zodiac tiger does not break the grass stems.
The hand catches the flying wolf to fight the eagle tiger, and the side foot is burnt and the original does not say the bitterness.
The wise man I can be a fool, but the world sees me as a feather.
I fought against the three heroes of Nanshan and killed each other at the cost of two peaches.
Wu Chu's troops were without drama, and Yafu coughed. You are in vain.
Liang Fu chants, his voice is sad, Zhang Gong's two dragon swords, the gods and objects come together sometimes.
The wind and clouds will cause massacres, so you should be safe.
The poet first said that he "wanted to climb the dragon to meet the Ming Lord" and wanted to assist the Ming Lord in establishing some achievements, and then wrote about his repeated failures. For example, "The nine gates are inaccessible", "The prisoner is angry" and "White "The sun is not shining" and so on, which made people feel that the poet was completely desperate, but he suddenly said with full confidence: "Zhang Gong's two dragon swords, sometimes the gods and animals come together. The wind and clouds will cause massacres, and the adults should be safe." Expressing himself. In the near future, I will be able to transform into a dragon into the water like the two divine swords of Jin Zhanghua, and like Jiang Taigong, meet the king and his ministers of King Wen, display their talents and realize their ambitions.
2. The poet’s perfect independent personality and public personality.
“Poets who embody the atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty are often charming figures.” [2] In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, "Li Bai's charm was unmatched. He conquered the readers at that time with a shocking power." [2] Li Bai's radiant charm first originated from his perfect and independent personality, pure and pure personality. Quality and arrogant spirit. Li Bai actively participated in the world and was keen on fame in order to display his talents and realize the value of life. He was extremely disdainful of the behavior of seeking to join the officialdom in order to humiliate his reputation. Li Bai lived in the Langmiao, but he did not succumb to the powerful. , shouting "An Neng can destroy my eyebrows and bend my waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy" ("Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Farewell"). This is the poet's declaration of self-consciousness awakening, the eruption of the long-awaited power to call for freedom, and also The literati's strong call for independence of personality is public, and contains infinite excitement and fearless spirit of resistance. Li Bai angrily vowed to "die in the grass without asking for a life under a golden cage" ("Tricks to ward off evil spirits" "Advocating Pheasant Spot Song Ci"), the poet would rather die than surrender and fight with death in order to maintain his independent personality. Li Bai's arrogant spirit lies not only in his unyielding and modesty, but also in his ability to break away from the shackles of the world and despise the princes. For example : "Praising the master of the Nine Levels and Ten Thousand Riders, joking about the red and green green trivial virtuous people." ("Yin of the Jade Pot") "In the past, I was drunk with flowers and willows in Chang'an, and the five nobles and seven nobles shared a cup of wine. The air bank was far away in front of the powerful men, and the romantic was willing to lag behind others. ." ("Liu Yelang Presents to Judge Xin") "The gold and white jade buys songs and laughs, and the prince is drunk for a long time." ("Reminiscing about the old travels and sending Qiao Jun Yuan to join the army") Li Bai regards thousands of people as his colleagues, and "five "Hou Qigui" drank with him, arrogantly arrogant the nobles, and underestimated the princes when he was drunk. He always maintained a free and easy demeanor in the strict hierarchical officialdom.
Li Bai's charm also comes from his extraordinary spiritual realm. Li Bai is different Unlike ordinary ordinary people, he pursues his official career just to enjoy the glory and wealth; he lives in the world, but does not touch the dust; he hopes to achieve great achievements in the world, but regards wealth as floating clouds. The song goes: "The bells, drums, food and jade are not expensive, but I hope to be drunk forever I don't want to wake up." ("About to Drink") "Life is precious and we know each other, why bother with money." ("Three Poems for Friends" Part 2) He abandoned the hustle and bustle of the world, did not seek wealth, did not value possessions, and wished to himself What you wish for is what you value. Li Bai called him "the Immortal of Poetry". He must have the realm of an immortal. He is free and easy, playing among the mountains and rivers, detached from the world, not holding high positions, and not being involved in external things. The so-called "and I put the white deer among the green cliffs and rode to visit the famous mountains as soon as possible" ("Dream Wandering Tianmu's Song of Farewell"), "Finally settled in Sheji, and successfully traveled to the five lakes" ("Gift to Secretary Wei Zichun"), "Life is not satisfactory in this world. The Ming Dynasty spreads out to make a flat boat" ("Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Lou Farewell School Secretary Shu Yun"). The poem shows that Li Bai is not burdened with things, is not bound by the world's trap, and has an unworldly temperament that focuses on the mountains and rivers. Li Bai's "immortality" also lies in He is happy with life and optimistic about the world. "If you are happy in life, you must have all the joy, and don't let the golden bottle empty to face the moon." The meaning of life transcends the misery of the world. For example: "If you live up to your destiny, you don't have time to worry. You can drink fine wine and climb high buildings." ("Liang Yuan Yin") "The spring breeze comes from the east and suddenly passes by, the golden bottles and wine are creating microwaves, the fallen flowers are falling one after another, and the beauty is drunk with red face." (One of the two poems of "There are bottles and wine in front of me") " Orchid is as beautiful as a flower, and she should smile in the spring breeze. Laughing in the spring breeze, and dancing in her robes, you will return home safely if you are not drunk now." (Part 2 of "Two Bottles and Wine Tours Before You") "The two drank together, and the flowers bloomed, one cup after another. .. I’m drunk and want to sleep, please go away. I will come tomorrow to bring you the harp." ("Drinking with a Quiet Man in the Mountains") He has forgotten all favors and disgraces, is poor and does not care, is free from foreign objects, and plays freely, with the elegance of an immortal, There is also the pride of a martyr.
Li Bai’s charm also stems from his extremely flamboyant personality. Li Bai is talented and willful, happy with grudges, and has the courage to break all laws and regulations. This can be summarized as a chivalrous man. Spirit. Li Bai's spirit of a chivalrous man who dared to "violate the forbidden with force", disregarding life and death, and emphasizing his promise, makes people feel heroic; his poetry gained an irresistible power and heroic spirit that soared into the sky; his charm Even more radiant. In Li Bai's poems, he highly praised those chivalrous knights who indulged in martial arts and played with the world. For example: "The young man learned swordsmanship and defeated the White Ape Lord. The beaded robe trailed the brocade belt, and the dagger was inserted into Wu Hong. The origin of ten thousand men is brave , take advantage of the glory of this life. Entrusted by the drama Meng, get drunk and get into the new prosperity. Laugh out of a glass of wine, kill people in the city." ("A Trip to the Young Man with Guests") "The bow destroys the Nanshan tiger, the hand catches the Taihang scorpion. After drinking, you compete in style. , Three cups make a precious sword. Killing people is like cutting grass, and Mencius travels with Meng." ("The White Horse") "I hold my body in the white blade, and kill people in the mortal world." ("Gift to Brother Xiangyang Shaofu Hao") When Li Bai described the swordsman He deliberately pursues freedom and glory. He uses "laughing up a glass of wine" and "three cups to make a treasured sword" as background.
"Like cutting grass" is an exaggerated metaphor, depicting the behavior of wielding a sword as extremely free and effortless. The chivalrous man in Li Bai's "White Horse Pian" is similar to Cao Zhi's "White Horse Pian" ("Long-term driving to the Xiongnu, Zuogu Ling Xianbei..." The images of knights in Li Bai's novels are all different. The knights in Li Bai's paintings are full of spirit and spirit, while the young men in Cao Zhi's paintings are more brave and fierce. Li Bai likes to use bright words to describe characters, such as "Ling Yi", "Majestic", "style", etc., he deliberately highlighted the glorious image of the young knight. Li Bai admired the willfulness and bravery of young people, regardless of the danger of their death at any time, but viewed their courage "with a sword in hand" with approval. This is a reflection on The praise of flamboyant personality is the admiration of the unrestrained spirit of freedom.
3. The powerful momentum and high-spirited emotions in the bold style.
Li Bai's poems contain vigorous and powerful emotions. The powerful momentum is filled with high-spirited and strong emotions. The momentum of "The five mountains are shaken when writing the pen, and the poems roar proudly to Cangzhou" ("Yin on the River") are the same as "The Yellow River falls from the sky and travels to the East China Sea, and thousands of miles are written in the mind" ("Gift to Pei"). The spirit of "14") is a vivid embodiment of his bold spirit. Li Bai has many poems describing natural landscapes. The things he writes are by no means simple copies and photos of objective things. He gives his own spirit to the objects he depicts. We learn from the poet His emotions can be felt in the objects he depicts. There is an uncontrollable passion in the poem, which is ready to come out, and he wants to embrace nature. Li Bai completely devoted himself to the majestic and magnificent mountains and rivers, praising them selflessly. For example, "Wanglu Mountain Waterfall":
Purple smoke rises from the incense burner under the sun, and you can see the waterfall hanging in front of the river in the distance.
The water flows down three thousand feet, which is suspected to be the Milky Way falling from the sky.
Another example is "Looking at Tianmen Mountain":
Tianmen interrupts the opening of the Chu River, and the clear water flows eastward here.
The green mountains on both sides of the bank face each other, and a lonely sail comes from the sun.< /p>
Another example is "Early Departure from Baidi City":
Amidst the colorful clouds of Baidi's speech, thousands of miles of rivers and mountains are returned in one day.
The apes on both sides of the bank can't stop crying. The boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains.
In "Wanglu Mountain Waterfall", "sunshine" and "purple smoke" provide a brightly colored background for the waterfall; the word "hang" is used to describe the waterfall, and the small words are used in large quantities. , turning movement into stillness, contrasting the majesty and width of the waterfall; "flying flow" freely and freely depicts the high, broad and light shape of the waterfall; "hanging", "flying flow", "straight down" and "falling" express the Lushan Waterfall with vitality , full of youthful vitality; "Three Thousand Feet" and "Falling Nine Heavens" are arbitrarily exaggerated, galloping imagination, the image is novel and real, and can highlight the majestic momentum of the waterfall. The poet in "Looking at Tianmen Mountain" stands on the clouds and sees the confrontation between the two mountains, such as A gate is set up between heaven and earth, and the river loops around and passes through the gate. The landscape is majestic and vast; the poem has a broad vision and a high realm, which shows the poet's broad mind. In "Early Departure from Baidi City" "The boat has passed ten thousand The sentence "Chongshan" is brisk and crisp; the whole poem is bright in color, full of spirit, upright and flying, full of vitality and passion, giving people a sense of majesty and boldness. Li Bai's landscape poems contain infinite enthusiasm, and they are obviously different from Qiliang landscape poems, even though Wang Wei and Li Bai both lived in the same time as the Tang Dynasty but had thoughts of reclusiveness. The styles of Wang Wei and Li Bai are also different.
Li Bai likes to praise powerful and broad things. His character has been integrated into Li Bai's poems, from which We can appreciate his unique aesthetic pursuit. For example:
Why can’t the sun and moon shine like this? Only the north wind roars up from the sky. The snowflakes in Yanshan are as big as mats, and they blow down Xuanyuan Terrace. ("The North Wind Travels" 》)
The Yellow River comes from the west to conquer Kunlun, roaring for thousands of miles and touching the dragon gate. ("Gongwu Crossing the River")
Climbing high and spectacular between heaven and earth, the vast river will never return. ("Ballads of Mount Lu") "Lu Shi Yu Xuzhou")
One wind blew down the mountain for three days, and the white waves were higher than the Waguan Pavilion. (One of the "Six Poems of Hengjiang")
What is August in Zhejiang? So? The waves are like snow spraying from the mountains. (Six Poems of Hengjiang, Part 4)
Three mountains are moving together with the shocking waves, and the public has no way to cross the river to return. (Six Poems of Hengjiang, Part 6)
In "Travel to the North Wind", the poet gallops with imagination and boldly exaggerates, exaggerating the snowflakes like a kang mat one foot square, covering the Xuanyuan platform one by one and covering people. The huge snowflakes produce The sense of oppression is frightening. "Gongwu Crossing the River" and "Lushan Ballads to Lu Yuxuzhou" focus from a high place and write from a distance, depicting the scene of the magnificent river. "Hengjiang Ci" uses mountains as metaphors to exaggerate the danger of the waves. In the end A representative one is "The Road to Shu is Difficult", in which the poet splashes ink and uses overlapping artistic techniques to jointly construct the precipitous Shu Mountain. The sentence is like: "Gee, the danger is so high! The road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the sky!" "
The opening sentence uses modal words together, exclaiming that the road to Shu is the most difficult in the world, "harder than climbing to the blue sky". The exaggerated metaphor creates a strange situation and has an irresistible shocking power. "There is a high mark of six dragons returning to the sun above, and there are rushing waves below." Turn back and return to Sichuan. The yellow crane cannot fly over, and the ape wants to survive its sorrow." The poet describes the steepness of the mountain, borrowing myths and legends to exaggerate the height of Shu Mountain, which cannot even be crossed by the sun, so he turned back here; those who are good at flying The yellow crane cannot fly; the apes who are good at climbing dare not climb; its steepness is unimaginable. "Nine folds per hundred steps lead to the rocky mountains." The numbers are compared and exaggerated to show the twists and turns of the mountain road. "But when I see the ancient tree called the Sad Bird, Males and females fly around the forest. I also hear Zigui crying about the moon at night, worrying about the empty mountains." The mournful chirping of birds makes the Shu road eerie and terrifying, and Zigui's cry at the moon highlights the emptiness and desolation of the Shu road, which makes people shudder. "Even if the peaks are removed, the sky will not be full of feet. , withered pine hanging upside down against the cliff." Taking a close-up of the scene, exaggerating that the Shushan Mountain is so steep that the pine trees are not allowed to grow upward but can only hang upside down, setting off the steepness of the mountain. A series of exaggerations, metaphors, and renderings suddenly outline a dangerous scene. Picture of Mountains and Peaks. Although the scenes depicted in the above poems are different, the characteristics they display are very similar. The majesty of the river waves, the danger of the waves, the fierceness of the wind, the spectacular snowflakes, and the craggy mountains. Their beautiful characteristics are the same. , is majestic, vigorous and powerful. This is a poet who uses exaggeration, metaphor and other techniques according to his own aesthetic trends to try his best to show the magnificent side of nature and create a sublime and magnificent masculine beauty.
Li Bai Poetry often uses metaphors, exaggeration, imagination and other techniques to create a powerful momentum and a broad realm. His use of metaphors, exaggeration and imagination can often surprise people and create unexpected effects. For example, in "About to Enter the Wine" The middle chapter begins with an urgent cry: "If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, and rushes to the sea and never returns. If you don't see it, the mirror in the high hall has sad white hair, and the morning is like blue silk and it turns to snow at dusk." The poet uses an unfathomable foothold and an infinitely broad vision. , the Yellow River magically emerges from the mountains and is exaggerated to appear from the vast and vast sky. The water of the Yellow River is like a celestial river pouring down, roaring and roaring, falling straight into the world, shaking the heaven and the earth, and is unstoppable. It cascades thousands of miles and then rushes into the sea. The momentum of the Yellow River is jaw-dropping. The poet first created an extraordinary momentum, and then used metaphors one after another, comparing life to the Yellow River that never returns, and exaggerating the aging of life to blue hair in the morning and white hair in the evening. The momentum of the Yellow River coming from afar and the rapid change of morning and evening, It shocked people's hearts. Li Bai was able to turn the originally low and melancholy emotions into powerful objects and express them. For example, he expressed sorrow:
The white hair is three thousand feet long, and the sorrow is long ("Qiupu Song"
The five-flowered horse and the golden fur will exchange for the fine wine, and we will share the eternal sorrow with you ("The Wine Will Come in")
Cut the knife to cut off the water, the water will flow again, raise the cup to relieve the sorrow. Sorrow ("Xuanzhou Xielou Farewell School Secretary Shu Yun"
Li Bai uses "white hair" to describe sorrow, and his sorrow is also proud, with "white hair three thousand feet", white hair like a waterfall, hanging between the sky and the earth The exaggeration of "three thousand feet" is shocking and shocking, making people dare not imagine it; the sorrow is also long-lasting, it has been the sorrow of "eternity", and continues to this day; the sorrow is also deep, like the surging river, which cannot be cut off by a knife or eliminated by wine. Li Bai When expressing objective objects, Li Bai's use of exaggerated metaphors is even more superb. Not to mention the already extraordinary mountains and rivers, even small things are extremely expressive in Li Bai's works, making people amazed. For example, describing music: "Wave your hand for me, It's like listening to pines in thousands of valleys." ("Listening to Shu Monk Playing the Qin") "The wind blows around Zhongshan, and all the valleys are full of dragons singing." ("Listening to Han Shiyu Playing the Flute in Jinling") The poet gave up the description of the actual form of the object. , only pursues the similarity in feeling. The sound of a piano, the poet feels as powerful as the roar of thousands of pines; similarly, the sound of the flute has the shocking power of the poet as the roar of thousands of dragons. The exaggeration and metaphor are very vivid. The poet's strong reaction to music. Calligraphy is usually described with words such as "vigorous" and "vigorous", but Li Bai's "Cursive Script Song" ("The fish flew out of the ink pond, and the strokes of the pen killed all the Zhongshan rabbits"... … The wind and rain are rustling, the falling flowers and flying snow are so vast... From time to time, only dragons and snakes are seen walking away. The left and right are frowning like lightning, like Chu and Han fighting.") Depicting calligraphy, the divine light is flowing. He is all To express it with metaphors, the momentum is like a Kunpeng spreading its wings, the waves are like wind and rain, the strokes are flying like dragons and snakes moving away, and the layout is like the battle between Chu and Han. Without even seeing the words, its divine form has already captured people's soul.
4. The poet’s strong romantic temperament and extraordinary imagination and creativity.
“The most distinctive feature of Li Bai’s works is the strong romantic spirit and the distinctive romanticism in his artistic methods.” [3] (P147), his poems are full of magnificent romantic features, often
As his emotions flow freely, his spirit wanders freely. The poet completely breaks away from the constraints of reality, expresses scenery that is not available in reality, and creates a realm of immortals that is both real and illusory. For example, "Song of Huai Xian" ("A crane flies east across the sea, Don't worry and be relaxed and know where you are. The immortals are singing great songs to see me, and I should climb the jade tree to treat each other. The things of Yao and Shun are not shocking, and the rest of the noise can be taken lightly. The giant turtle should not go to the three mountains, I want to go up to the top of Penglai."), " "The Immortal Yuzhen's Ci" ("The Immortal Yuzhen often goes to Taihua Peak. In the early morning, he sounds the sky drum and soars the two dragons. He keeps playing with electricity, but there is no trace of the clouds. When he enters the young room, the Queen Mother should meet." ") The poet shows a refined temperament and wants to meet the gods. Another example is "Ancient Fifty-Nine" (Nineteen):
Going west to Lotus Mountain, you will see the stars all the way.
Holding hibiscus in plain hands, walking on empty steps to make it too clear.
The neon clothes are dragging the wide belt, fluttering up to the sky.
Invite me to climb the cloud platform and bow to Wei Shuqing.
p>Go with it in a daze, riding on the dragon to reach Ziming.
This is a poem about traveling to immortals. Li Bai gallops his imagination and creates a wonderful and clean space. This space is completely unrestrained. The poet sees The jade girl holds a hibiscus in her delicate hands and walks in the sky, her colorful dress dragging a wide long belt, fluttering in the wind. The jade girl invites the poet to climb Yuntai Peak and bows to the immortal Wei Shuqing, and they soar across the sky astride the wild geese. The poet gallops his imagination and integrates Taoist legends into the magnificent artistic realm, giving the lyrical protagonist a strong color of relegation to immortals. The poem vividly expresses the characteristics of romantic poetry.
Li Bai's "Dream Wandering in Heaven and Saying Farewell" " gives full play to the poet's extraordinary imagination. The poet switches back and forth between dreams and reality, illusory but not completely divorced from reality. When expressing his emotions, he freely runs his imagination and transcends reality. For example: "Haike Yingzhou, The misty waves are dim and it is hard to find a letter. People are talking about Tianmu, and the clouds are bright and dim or can be seen." The poet started writing from the fairyland, and moved from the legendary and illusory Yingzhou to the Tianmu Mountain in reality with the colorful clouds. The Tianmu Mountain here It is not that the poet was actually there, but he used exaggerated imagination to describe the tallness and steepness of Tianmu Mountain. From the imaginary mountain, the poet entered the dreamland and described the wonderful fantasy. He wrote: "I wanted to dream about Wuyue all night long. Flying across the mirror lake, the moon shines on my shadow and sends me to the Yan River. The place where Mr. Xie stayed is still there today, and the Lu River is rippling with clear apes crowing. Wearing Xie Gong’s clogs, he climbed the Qingyun Ladder." After the poet flew down to the Yan River, , the poet saw Xie Lingyun's residence at that time. He put on Xie Lingyun's special wooden clogs, climbed the Qingyun stone ladder that Xie Lingyun had climbed, and officially entered the mountain. "You can see the sea and the sun half way, and you can hear chickens in the air." It's not surprising, and there are more What a strange scene, "Thousands of rocks with endless twists and turns, the road is uncertain, and the lost flowers leaning on the rocks are suddenly dark. The bears roar and the dragon sings in the Yinyan Spring, the chestnut trees are deep and startling on the top of the mountain. The clouds are green and green, and it is like rain, and the water is sluggish and smoke." The poet describes It is a completely fairy-like scene, with strange craggy rocks, confusing paths of mountain flowers, the sound of mountain streams and springs like "a bear roaring and a dragon roaring", the clouds and smoke are quiet, and the water mist is filled. The magical and magnificent landscape imagined by the poet is surprising enough, but Li Bai's Romance is not only about being in a fairyland, but also about meeting immortals. "Thunderbolts are missing, and hills are crumbling. Stone fans in the cave sky are opening in the middle. The vastness of the blue sky is bottomless, and the sun and moon shine on the golden and silver platforms. Ni is the clothes. The wind is like a horse, the kings of clouds are coming and going one after another. The tigers and drums are playing, and the luan is returning to the carriage, and the immortals are lined up like hemp." With the loud thunder, the wonderful abode of the immortals appeared, with gorgeous clothes and carriages. Immortals riding on clouds and carriages also arrived one after another. Cai Ni, Qing Feng, Shen Hu, and Immortal Luan were reflected on the gold and silver platform with the bright sun and moon, and there was also the sound of fairy music. The scenery was gorgeous and colorful, how wonderful it was. Shocking and dazzling, the brilliance is overwhelming. When the upright fairyland was in bliss, the poet fell out of the fairyland and fell on the cold pillow mat of the human world. The poet sighed sadly: "I only feel that the pillow mat of time has lost the haze that has always been there." The poet's emotions have been twists and turns. , sometimes extremely happy, sometimes extremely melancholy, and at this time he calmly and calmly stated, "The same is true for happiness in the world. Everything in ancient times flows eastwards. When will you come back after you have left? Let us leave the white deer among the green cliffs and ride to the famous mountains as soon as possible." The poet suggests having fun in time, riding a white deer, visiting famous mountains, and pursuing the freedom of immortals. The space of this poem is very broad, from "Yingzhou" to "Tianmu" to "Tiantai", "Wuyue" and "Yanxi" geographically After several changes, time has expanded to Xie Lingyun, and the poet also has the spirit of Xie Lingyun. The poet travels back and forth between virtual and real realms, galloping vertically and horizontally, and his emotions change from joy to sorrow. The images expressed in the poem are extremely rich. There are mist and clouds before the dream, and the rooftop of Yingzhou ; After entering the dreamland, there are the bright moon in the mirror lake, the red sun in the sea, the rooster of the clear ape, the fairy mountain flower path, the forest spring in the cave, the mist of the mountain, the gold and silver cave sky, the clouds and the immortals, the breeze is the horse, the fairy Luan is driving the car, and the colorful neon is the clothes. The divine tiger plays the drum and the harp; after waking up, there is a white deer on the green cliff. The image is a combination of virtuality and reality, making it difficult to distinguish between reality and illusion.
, are mixed and set off each other, making them appear bizarre and magical. The use of rendering, exaggeration, metaphor and other techniques fully demonstrates the characteristics of romanticism.
Li Bai is a representative poet of the Tang Dynasty. , his spiritual realm and ideological height are difficult for others to achieve. He pursued ideals and yearned for freedom throughout his life, and became famous in poetry and wine. He ranks at the pinnacle of Chinese classical poetry with his refined romantic spirit, unlimited imagination and creativity.