1. What are the "Wu Men San Jia"? (See page 1 17-page 1 18)
In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, a number of famous calligraphers emerged in the prosperous Sanwu area, and sometimes it was said that "the calligraphy in the world belongs to Wu". They broke through the secular habits, avoided the bad habits of Taige at that time and adopted Wei and Jin Dynasties. They were called "the revival of the Ming Dynasty" and became representative calligraphers in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. The representatives were Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming and Wang Chong.
Zhu Yunming was born in a noble family with a good family background. He is very clever. He studied under Li Yingzhen, learned from Xiaozhaizhong, Wang and Zhiyong, and learned from Huai Su and Huanggu's cursive script. At the time of integration, they developed their own style and made great achievements in cursive writing. He is known as "the first cursive hand in Ming Dynasty", which is also the embodiment of his bold and unconstrained character. His words are magnificent, unrestrained and unpredictable. His representative works are cursive Axis Poems, Fu Juan, the goddess of Luo, and Fu Juan in Chibi.
Wen Zhiming's calligraphy works have various forms, among which lower case and running script are the best. Its lower case belongs to the right army, and the cursive script was written by Huai Su, imitating Su, Huang and Mi, and studying under Zhong You and Li. His small letters are round and elegant, with their own charm. Representative works include Lisao Jing and Qianhouchibi Fu. His running script is rich in Jin people's brushwork, especially the preface to the holy teachings, which is quaint, healthy and full of charm. Representative works include preface to Wang Teng-ting, Ji Xing Shi Juan, Xiyuan Shi Juan and so on.
Wang Chong, whose real name was Lu, was later renamed Lu Ji, whose name was Yayishan, and his name was Wuxian. He was gifted and tried every time, so he amused himself with poems, calligraphy and painting with Wen Zhiming and others. The fine print Wang Chong is more important than the world. Ming people have an evaluation that "his books and big orders are lofty and broad-minded, so his charm is better than others." His small models, such as Yu Shinan, Zhong You and Erwang, are particularly effective in Wang Xianzhi. Their styles are quaint and ethereal, and their works include preface, poem scroll, West Garden and poem scroll.
2. A brief analysis of the "three-line calligraphy" in the history of China's calligraphy. (See page 99, page 109, page 1 12)
Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, Yan Zhenqing's Sacrifice to My Nephew, and Su Shi's Cold Food Poem were praised as "three major running scripts" by later generations.
1. Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting was written by Wang Xizhi and Xie An at the Preface to Lanting in Yin Shan, Huiji in nine years. This article is the representative work of Xihe, with beautiful stippling, fluent writing and elegant style. The original has been lost. Feng Chengsu's manuscript is the most recent original manuscript in the late Tang Dynasty. Preface to Lanting is a beautiful essay, a masterpiece of Shang Yun in the Book of Jin, with a high artistic level. Preface to Lanting Collection has the following artistic features:
First, the pen is exquisite and delicate. Preface to Lanting begins with a volley and ends with a light pen, which is crisp and neat. The middle stroke is mainly in the middle, which should be astringent, round and strong; Excellent silhouette and beautiful rhythm give people a lively aesthetic feeling.
Second, stippling is charming. "Preface to the Lanting Pavilion" has various types of stippling, beautiful lines and changeable brushstrokes. Beautiful and powerful brushwork, both hidden and exposed, both attractive and attractive; Its forms are pitching, jerking, retreating, ups and downs, propping up, escaping and so on, which can be described as varied and interesting.
Third, the structure is elegant and changeable. The Preface to Lanting shows the rich connotation and elegant style of running script art through the change of reality and the opening and closing of structure. There are few structural similarities, such as the word "zhi" which appears many times in the text, but each has its own face.
Fourth, the composition layout is harmonious and natural. Preface to Lanting swings from side to side between vertical lines; Vertical spacing is different, smooth and natural. From the point of view of platoon, they can look around, avoid crime, make peace, be impartial and not excited. The pen is short and meaningful, natural and harmonious. Preface to Lanting Collection has reached an impeccable level in technique.
2. Yan Zhenqing's running script "Sacrifice to the Nephew" was honored as "the second running script in the world" by later generations. This manuscript was written in a hurry and in one go; When he was writing, he was immersed in grief and indignation. He is not interested in the clumsy brushwork in the book, but his brushwork is flying and his posture is full of life, which achieves the artistic effect of stirring and revealing the true feelings.
3. Gao Fushuai, Su Shi's poem about cold food, is round and magnificent, representing Su Shi's highest achievement.
3. What is "Yan Ti" and what are its characteristics? (See page 108- 109)
Yan Zhenqing, whose real name is Pingyuan Taishou, Shangshu, Prince, Taishi, Duke of Lu, is called Yan. During the period, Li Xilie rebelled, Yan was hanged by him, and Wenzhong was killed. Yan Zhenqing is strong and upright, not afraid of power, and is famous for his loyalty. Later generations often associate his calligraphy with his character. Yan Zhenqing was personally taught by Zhang Xu, inherited Wang Xizhi's tradition, absorbed the essence of folk calligraphers since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, innovated on the basis of predecessors, and gradually became a master. His regular script combines the meaning of seal script and official script, with vigorous stippling, vigorous and changeable turning, correct and broad structure and rich and dense composition, forming a vigorous, resolute, solemn and magnificent "face". Yan Ti broke the traditional calligraphy style of "the book is expensive but hard" since the two kings, and set up a new monument for the history of calligraphy, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations.
The characteristics of strict style: seal script and official script are involved, vigorous and full, stippling is vigorous and changeable, turning is vigorous, the structure is correct and broad, the rules are rich and dense, resolute and solemn.
4. Analysis of Song Sijia. (See page11-114)
Song Sijia: Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei, Cai Xiang.
1. Gorgeous and pretty Su Shi's running script
Su Shi is a rare all-round literary artist in history. He has made great achievements in poetry, poetry, writing, calligraphy and painting. Su Shi studied the calligraphy of "Two Kings", Yan Zhenqing, Yang Ningshi and Li Yi. And draw nutrition from Liu Gongquan, Chu Suiliang and Xu Hao, and strive for innovation on the basis of inheriting the traditional east wind evil. Therefore, his running script often has the charm of Preface to the Lanting Pavilion, the thinness of Liu Gongquan, the boldness of Yan Zhenqing and the ingenious structure of Yang Ningshi, forming its own unique style.
Su Shi's regular script includes Fengle Pavilion Collection and Huangtie. The running scripts mainly include cold food poems, spring poems, Zhongshan pine poems and Qianchibi poems. Among them, Gao Fushuai, a poem on cold food, is full of momentum and changeable, representing
2. Strange and changeable Huang Tingjian cursive script
Huang Tingjian was a famous writer and calligrapher in Song Dynasty, and his calligraphy had a strong personality and creativity. The two kings of calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi. However, Huang Tingjian's cursive script has achieved higher achievements, and its cursive script has a strange rise, changeable structure and consistent style. His handed down works include Zhu Shangtie, Su Shi's Cold Food Poems, Song Fengge Style and so on.
3. Mi Fei's running script "The Horse is Easy and Happy"
Mi Fei is the most influential calligrapher after the two kings and the most successful calligrapher in Song Sijia. Mi Fei lived in the era of two kings, and he also paid attention to statutes. His study of books has roughly gone through three processes: copying, receiving words and brushing words. He spent a lot of time imitating the calligraphy of the ancients, and then collected ancient Chinese characters into articles according to his own eyes, and made bold innovations on the basis of the accumulation of this traditional skill. His "writing brush" probably refers to his skillful technique, quick and sharp pen, straight and horizontal, hidden and exposed, natural and smooth, and has the trend of "leisurely and happy". Mi Fei's running script is well-proportioned, abrupt, turning, spreading, dense in structure, inclined in character potential, strange and colorful.
4. Rong De has both Cai Xiang's calligraphy.
Cai Xiang studied under Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan, whose vigorous and elegant writing made him interested in Jin and Tang Dynasties. His running script was appraised by later generations as "having both strength and health, superior to Rong De". But on the whole, his books have more inheritance, less innovation and weak personality.