Keywords: active reading, goal setting, critical and dialectical proof, communicating with the author with questions.
Classification: Theory-Practice-Learning Tools
Related books or authors: Cheng Jia's fast reading method, classical skill reading method, Zhan Ying's reading method and Jianghu's reading method are basically derived from this book.
To sum up, 1: This is a book that teaches you how to read, how to read well, why to read and the essence of reading. By reading this book, we can recognize and correct our past bad reading habits, develop good reading habits and benefit for life.
Summary 2: This book divides reading into four levels, each level has different reading rules, and each level is the basis of the next level. By practicing CET-4 skills, you can get twice the result with half the effort, and reading can greatly enrich your knowledge and change your actions.
Map entrance: Why should we read? In order to gain knowledge, but also to change their own understanding, change their actions.
Four layers: 1 layer basic reading, 2 layers inspection reading, 3 layers analysis reading and 4 layers main reading.
Several rooms on the 1 floor: reading preparation, word literacy, reading ability and summarizing ability.
Several rooms on the second floor: seal, order, preface, tail and clothes. Scroll back and forth and read a few paragraphs at will. Keep looking at it quickly, and what you don't understand the second time.
Several rooms on the third floor: three stages to answer four questions in reading.
Several rooms on the fourth floor: debate table, dialectics
Core content:
The author divides reading into four levels, namely, basic reading, inspection reading, analytical reading and thematic reading.
Basic reading is divided into several stages, probably reading preparation stage, literacy stage, reading through stage and understanding stage.
-Reading preparation stage: before the age of three, this stage is mainly to cultivate reading interest, and children can read more picture books and develop a reading system.
-Literacy stage: probably before the first grade of primary school, this stage is mainly to know words and understand their meanings.
-Read-through stage: Before the fourth grade of primary school, there is a certain accumulation of vocabulary and phrases at this stage, and you can read through some articles.
-Understanding stage: before graduating from junior high school, this stage mainly focuses on learning reading skills. I can understand the theme of the article, summarize the general idea of the paragraph and refine the core idea of the article through reading.
Its realization is that many people do not have basic reading ability. After reading an article, they can't summarize the main idea of the article, nor can they summarize the core points of the article. Reading is equivalent to not reading. Without any understanding and basic reading ability, they cannot continue to train their reading ability at a higher level.
The core of reading is to grasp the theme of the book quickly. If you have accumulated knowledge in this field, the key point is to compare with your own knowledge, remove water and quickly understand dry goods.
Through investigation and reading, we can quickly judge whether this book is useful to us and worth reading in depth. If this book is average, we can give it away after basic inspection and reading. Reading review is also the basis of analytical reading and thematic reading, and it is a basic skill.
Check the cover, table of contents, book cover, preface and ending of the read-through, and quickly analyze the views the author wants to express. At this time, it is necessary to ask questions about the content of the book, look around with questions, read a paragraph or two, and find the one that is closely related to the theme to read first. See if the question is answered.
When reading a difficult book, you can quickly read it from beginning to end and then read it again.
If you can answer what a book is at this time, what is the author's main idea, whether the author's point of view is correct, and how it helps my action, then you can basically understand it.
The rules of analytical reading:
Four rules for analyzing the first stage of reading or finding out what a book is talking about:
(1) Classify books according to their types and themes.
(2) Say what the whole book is talking about in the shortest sentence.
(3) List the important parts of the book in order and relationship. After the outline of the book is drawn up, the outlines of each part are also listed one by one.
(4) Find out what the author is asking or what the author wants to solve.
Analyze the second stage of reading, or find out the law of what a book is saying (reading the content of a book);
(5) Interpret the keywords used by the author and reach a * * * understanding with the author.
(6) Grasp the author's important topic from the most important sentences.
(7) Find out the author's arguments and reconstruct the causes and effects of these arguments to understand the author's point of view.
(8) Determine which problems the author has solved and which problems have not been solved. Among the unsolved problems, determine the problems that the author thinks he can't solve.
The third stage of analytical reading: commenting on the rules of a book like exchanging knowledge.
A. General rules of intellectual etiquette
(9) Don't criticize, unless you have completed the outline structure, you can read the whole book. Don't say you agree, disagree or pause comments before you say "I see". )
(10) Don't fight, you must argue to the end.
(1 1) Before making a comment, you should be able to prove that you can distinguish real knowledge from personal opinions.
B. Special standards for key views
(12) proves that the author lacks knowledge.
(13) Prove that the author's knowledge is wrong.
(14) proves that the author is illogical.
(15) proves that the author's analysis and reasons are incomplete.
Note: Regarding the last four points, the first three points are the criteria for expressing different opinions. If you can't provide relevant evidence, you must agree with the author's statement, or at least partially agree. You can only postpone commenting on this book for the last reason.
The last reading level is theme reading, which is a kind of reading with strong purpose.
Topic reading preparation stage:
(1) Design a tentative bibliography for the subject you want to study. You can refer to the library catalogue, expert advice and bibliography in the book.
(2) Browse all the books in this book, determine which ones are related to your topic, and establish a clear concept of your topic.
To read a topic:
(1) Find the relevant chapter.
(2) make the author reach a * * * understanding with himself (meaning * * *, consistent understanding)
(3) Sort out the main problems.
(4) Determine the order of issues to be discussed.
(5) Analysis and discussion
Topic reading can use the method of debate notes to list the opinions of different authors. I am like a referee and jury in a debate, observing and analyzing each contestant's arguments, and finally solving the main problems in the debate.
Four questions to be answered in reading:
(1) Generally speaking, what is this book about? You must try to find out the theme of this book, how the author develops this theme in turn, and how to gradually decompose the subordinate key issues from the core theme.
(2) What did the author say in detail and how did he say it? You must try to find out the main points, statements and arguments. These combine to form the special information that the author wants to convey.
(3) Is this book meaningful? All makes sense, or some? You can't answer this question unless you can answer the first two questions. Before you judge whether this book is meaningful, you must first understand what the whole book is saying.
(4) What does this book have to do with you? If this book gives you some information, you must ask what it means. Why does the author think it is important to know this? Do you really need to know? If this book not only provides information, but also inspires you, it is even more necessary to look for other relevant and deeper meanings or suggestions to get more enlightenment.
Problems to be solved by general authors in writing books:
Formula: Is there anything? What happened? What is the reason? Or under what circumstances? Or why does it exist? What is the purpose of this matter? What's the impact? What are the characteristics and characteristics? How is it related to other similar events or different events? How is this done? These are all theoretical questions.
What results can I choose? What measures should be taken to achieve a certain result? What actions should be taken to achieve a certain goal? In what order? In this case, what is right, or what can be better, not worse? Under what conditions will this be better than that? These are all practical problems.
Bacon: "don't refute reading, don't find fault;" Don't believe too much, take it for granted; No talking, no commenting. Just think about it. "
Sometimes we rush to finish reading a book, which proves that we have finished reading a book and clearly expresses our reading results. This kind of emotion will make reading impetuous, and finally we really get nothing after reading it. To understand that slow is fast, read, understand and do, and this is really over.
What to do after reading:
-read and write reading notes.
-structural notes, conceptual notes and dialectical notes.
-Find out the key words, key sentences and highlights, and comment in your own words.
-summarize the contents of the book in one sentence.
-Give your own comments on this book.
Practice your actions with the knowledge in the book.
-keep asking yourself, is it really useful? !
Criticism of this book: There are indeed too many words, many of which are described to prove the point, but it feels too repetitive and looks a little tired, which easily makes readers lose focus.
Some people say that you can finish reading a book in half an hour or an hour. Through this book, I understand that this effect can be achieved by checking reading, but there are many books with many words, many of which are not obvious. If your reading speed can't keep up, how can you get dry goods quickly by reading? My own reading speed has been slow, so I still have to keep looking for answers and keep practicing.
Good reading, that is, active reading, is not only useful for reading itself, but also helpful for our work or career, and can help our mind to maintain vitality and growth.
In the end, we study to make ourselves better.