Author's life: A.D.103765438+10.8, Su Shi was born in Yumei Meishan. Su Xun, Su Shi's father, was mentioned in The Holy Amethyst? Twenty-seven, start working hard? what's up Where's Sue? . Su Xun worked hard, although he worked very late. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi could not have received a good family education in his early years, let alone before he ascended the throne? Learning the history of classics is thousands of words a day. And it is even more impossible to have literary achievements in the future.
1056 (the first year of Jiayou), 2 1 year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination of the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with an article on loyalty to punishment, but Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought it was his disciple Ceng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, he had to come second.
106 1 year (six years of Jiayou), Su Shi wants to take the Chinese secondary school, which is also commonly known as? Three years of Beijing inspection? , into the third category, for? For the first time in a hundred years? , awarded the Dali judge, signed the book Fengxiang House. His mother died in her hometown and returned to North Korea on 1069 (the second year of Xining), where she still holds her post. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they opposed the new law and disagreed with the political views of the new prime minister Wang Anshi. What Su Shi saw in his eyes was not what he saw when he was twenty? A peaceful world? .
1079 (the second year of Yuanfeng), Su Shi stayed in Huzhou for less than three months because he satirized the new law with poetry. Slander Xiang Jun with words? For the most heinous imprisonment, Shi said? Wutai poetry case? .
Su Shi was imprisoned 103 days and was on the verge of beheading several times. Thanks to the national policy of not killing scholar-officials in Zhao Kuangyin during the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi was spared.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and was stationed in Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away. Changzhou area is criss-crossed with water networks and beautiful scenery. Living in Changzhou, he has neither hunger nor cold worries, but also enjoys the beautiful scenery. He is far away from the political disputes in Beijing and can get along with his family and many friends day and night. So Su Dongpo finally chose Changzhou as his final destination.
When Zhezong ascended the throne, the empress dowager came to the imperial court to listen to politics in the name of Zhezong youth, Sima Guang was re-enabled, and the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed. Su Shi returned to the post of assistant minister of the DPRK and went to Dengzhou (Penglai). Four months later, the doctor was recalled to North Korea. Mr. Scheeren was promoted to power, Mr. Scheeren was promoted to Zhongshu three months later, and soon he was promoted to imperial academy (the minister who drafted the imperial edict for the emperor, who had Taoist skills) and did not do it again.
Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that his so-called old party and new party were just birds of a feather, and once again made suggestions to the emperor.
Author's anecdote 1: Su Shi was a famous great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is not only profound in poetry and calligraphy, but also a gourmet in ancient China. He is also good at cooking, especially at braised pork. Su Shi's braised pork was first created in Xuzhou, further improved in Huangzhou and famous all over the country in Hangzhou. There are many legends about the origin of Dongpo meat's name, one of which is:
According to legend, Su Dongpo did it in Xuzhou, Huangzhou and Hangzhou? Dongpo meat? . When he was well known in Xuzhou, he led the people to fight floods and build dikes to protect the city. The people slaughtered pigs and sheep and went to the government to comfort them. Dongpo can't refuse. After accepting it, he personally instructed his family to cook braised pork and give back to the people. After eating it, everyone thought that the meat was fat but not greasy, crispy and delicious, and unanimously called it? Return meat? .
On February 1st, the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. Seeing that pork in Huangzhou market is cheap, people don't eat it, so they cook it themselves. Once he was hungry, he improvised a doggerel called Eating Pork Poetry, which wrote: Huangzhou good pork, the price is as cheap as dirt. The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't know how to cook. Slow fire, less water, beautiful when the fire is enough. Come and play a bowl early every day, so that you can't worry about it. ? This poem spread from one word to ten words, and people began to copy it and called it this dish? Dongpo meat? . When Su Dongpo was appointed as the second magistrate of Hangzhou, he organized migrant workers to dredge the West Lake, build dikes and bridges, and restored its former beauty. The West Lake was largely submerged by weeds. People in Hangzhou are very grateful to him. During the Chinese New Year, everyone carries pigs and drinks to pay New Year greetings to him. After receiving it, Su Dongpo instructed his family to cut the meat into cubes and distribute it to the migrant workers who took part in dredging the West Lake. Everyone was amazed after eating it, so? Dongpo meat? Our reputation has spread all over the country.
Author's anecdote 2: According to Sun Yuefeng's "Breaking the Immortal Diet", Mi Yunlong? It tastes so sweet that Su Shi regards it as a treasure. At that time, there were four proud students under Su Shi? How many are Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan and Chao He? Four bachelor's degree in Sumen? Su Shi is very kind. Whenever four bachelors visit, Su Shi will ask his concubine to take out Miyun Dragon to entertain him. There was a young man named Liao Zhengyi who entered Su Men late, but Su Shi appreciated his talent and regarded him as a wizard. One day, Su Shi asked Chaoyun to take out Miyun Longjian to make tea. Su Shi's family thought that it must be the fourth bachelor's degree again. When they stole a look, it was Liao. Therefore, Su Shi cherished the good tea of Miyun Dragon brand. Only Qin Guan, Chao, and Huang Tingjian are Su Dongpo's best friends. When Su Dongpo visits, Su Dongpo will ask Chaoyun to make tea for Miyun Dragon. When Zheng visited, he treated him to drink Miyun Dragon, which was an exception. In the so-called? Last four bachelor's degrees? Among them, I'm afraid Liao Zhengyi has the closest relationship with Su Shi, and only he enjoys the treatment of the fourth bachelor of Su Men. His word "Xiangxingzi" is dedicated to praising Miyun Dragon.
Literary achievements: Su Shi has made extraordinary achievements in the creation of ci. As far as the development of a style itself is concerned, the historical contribution of Su Ci has surpassed that of Su Wen and Su Shi. After Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of ci style, and finally broke through the word "Wei"? Ke Yan? The traditional style of ci has improved the literary status of ci, transformed ci from an accessory of music into an independent lyric style, and fundamentally changed the development direction of ci history.
Su Shi was a key figure in the change of ci style in Song Dynasty. Wang Zhuo's "Biji Manzhi" Volume II said: Mr. Dongpo is not addicted to temperament, and occasionally writes songs, pointing out that all the way up, new eyes and ears in the world, so that the author can wake up from the beginning. ? What Su Shi pointed out to later poets was to strengthen the literariness of ci and weaken its dependence on music? All the way up? . Later poets and Xin poets further developed along this road.
Su Shi's views on society and thoughts on life are undisguised in his literary works, among which poetry is the most hearty. In more than 2,700 Su poems, the theme of intervening in social reality and thinking about life is very prominent. Su Shi holds all kinds of unreasonable phenomena in social reality? One belly is out of date? Attitude, always critical of reality as an important theme of poetry. What is more valuable is that Su Shi's criticism of society is not limited to the New Deal or the present. He criticized the long-standing abuses and bad habits in feudal society, and embodied a deeper critical consciousness.
Su Shi's literary thought pays equal attention to literature and Taoism. He praised Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu for their contributions to ancient Chinese prose from two aspects: literature and Taoism. However, Su Shi's views on literature and Taoism were very unique in the Northern Song Dynasty. First of all, Su Shi believes that the art of the article has independent value, such as? Besides the golden jade, the article is not only a tool to carry Tao, but also an advanced form of human spiritual activities. Secondly, what did Su Shi think? Tao? It is not limited to Confucianism, but generally refers to the law of things. Therefore, Su Shi advocates that articles should be as natural as the objective world, with a natural attitude. He advocates the diversity and vividness of artistic style, and opposes the unification of literary style, believing that it will lead to the literary world? Is Wang Mi a yellow-haired white reed? Barren.
Evaluation of past dynasties: History of Song Dynasty: When Su Shi was a teenager, some scholars passed Shi Jie's poem "Shengde" to Shu, and asked his teachers about Han, Fu, Du and Fan Zhuxian mentioned in the poem. If the teacher speaks strangely, then he says:? Desire and knowledge are all people's ears. ? Covered with the meaning of saints and philosophers. Weak crown, father and son brothers arrived in Beijing, and became famous in one day, wandering around. Then he boarded the first poem, resigned, entered the book, and went out of the state. Profound knowledge, excellent exposition, incisive articles and shrewd political affairs can all be based on maverick ambition, supplemented by the spirit of courage. Intention, words are enough to achieve the goal, and actions are enough to achieve the goal. As for disasters, chastity is enough to strengthen its defense, which is also determined by ambition and qi. Injong first read History and Tactics, but retired to gloat. Today my children have two prime ministers. ? Zong Shen loves his works, reads in the palace, forgets to eat and sleep, and is called a genius by the world. Both of them have knowledge of history, but the death of history cannot be of great use. Ouyang Xiu was the first to know, and his name was consistent with it. Isn't the strength of the stone undeniable? The world is the most public, and there is no life for each other. Alas! Isn't it lucky not to meet each other? Or:? Stone is a little self-sufficient, although you don't need him as a handle, you should avoid disaster. ? Although, if anything he is asked to do is false, he still has to be a poet.
Zhao Zhen: I am now the Taiping Prime Minister of my descendants.
Liu Anshi: Dongpo's grand ceremony of establishing a dynasty was very impressive and brilliant, but he believed in himself.
Huang Tingjian: ① People say that Dongpo wrote this article because it is difficult to see coincidence, so it was extremely hard. I don't think so. He was older than the article, so he wrote. (2) The article is wonderful and loyal. (3) true fairy people.
Su zhe: it is in people, calling it good, if it is not as good as fear; If you don't look well, you will be afraid; Do the right thing bravely, no matter how harmful it is. I am trapped in the world of this number, but I don't hate it.
Chao Wuxia: Su Dongpo's ci, people say there are many discordant rhythms. However, the vulgar words are outstanding, and naturally they can't draw in the song.
Wang Zhifang: Dongpo tried to express his innocence and literary potential with his little words, saying: Why do you swim a lot? Both are right:? Sir, a poem is like a little word. Small print is like poetry. ? [-]
Wang Zhuo: Mr. Dongpo used the rest of the article to write poems, and he used the overflowing part to write songs and lyrics. He was fascinated by heights and laughed in the mirror, regardless of his peers. Or:? Long and short sentences are also poems. ? Because of this, it is the poison of Liu Yong's wild fox saliva. Poetry and Yuefu came out together, so why should they be different? If you follow the Liu family law, you respect yourself. Mr. Dongpo is not addicted to temperament, and occasionally writes songs, pointing out that all the way up, new eyes and ears in the world, so that the author began to know and wake up. Nowadays, young people pretend that Dongpo's poems are translated into short sentences. Nine times out of ten, if he doesn't learn from Liu Yiqing, he will learn from Cao Yuanchong. It's ridiculous, but there's no need to laugh.
Zhao Shen: Sincere words and suggestions, a great festival in court, courtiers are second to none.
Lu You: ① It is said that Dongpo can't sing, so Yuefu is not harmonious. Chao and Tao said:? Shao Shengchu, Dongpo is different from the edge, Dongpo drunk singing sunshine songs. Then the public can't sing, but he is bold and unrestrained and doesn't like to cut his temperament. Try to choose the song of Dongpo's ci. At the end of the song, it is urgent to feel the wind and rain. (2) public welfare is not a blessing, and it is easy to worry about the country and the people. A thousand years later, it got angry.
Chen Xun: Dongpo's unique worship of alignment, admiration for Liu and Qin, and admiration for ci style began in Dongpo.
Xu Du: (Liu Yong) Although the lyrics are highly technical, they are often mixed with common sayings, so the common people especially like them. After that, the princes of Europe and the Soviet Union came out, and the style was changed to lyrics, which was elegant in system.
Hu Yin: The lyricist was the last creation of ancient Yuefu. The uninhibited people in the article rarely care about this, but also sweep their way, saying that this is just a wave game. Tang people are the most industrious people. After Liu Qing came out, he hid the public system and did his best. Okay, I don't think it can be added. Meishan Su's, on the other hand, washed away the rich and fragrant state, got rid of the degree of turning around for a rainy day, and made people climb high and look far, hold their heads high and sing loudly, but escaped the dirt, so flowers are soap feet and willows are platforms.
Wang Ruoxu: It is better to put the public first than love. Oh! Charm like Dongpo, but not as good as love, right? He is such a noble man. Its overflow is a small word, but it is idle between powder and powder. It's called a funny play, and so is the person who said it. If it is exquisite and enchanting, how can it be elegant if it enters people's bone marrow, such as Tian Zhongxing and Liu Jieqing? Palace holds big cards, and Yuefu is his game. Is it worth fighting for the victory of popular customs? Gai is brilliant and has a clear pronunciation and mellow voice. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to write.
Liu Chenweng: From Ci to Dongpo, they are all aboveboard. They like poetry, prose and wonders of heaven and earth.
Yuan Haowen: Tang's lyrics are full of court style, and they have done their best. Since Dongpo came out, I don't know if there are any words other than temperament. Really? Exiled ten thousand generations of horses on the earth. Although meteorology is a palace, can it be generalized? People have words, Yuefu is not difficult to write, but it comes from Dongpo. This is almost based on clumsy work, not knowing the slope. Therefore, the words of the little husband and little bitch contained in the poem are boring and suddenly touched by foreign objects. My head is full of hair and words. Its first fruit wants to be strung together. Yuan Rong Shi, from the hand of a saint, was passed down with the Six Classics? It is wrong to say that Dongpo's calligraphy game is a showdown with his predecessors. From today's perspective, Dongpo's "Holy Land" is not intended to be a written work, but has to be a work. From Edgar Allan Poe, Valley Prince, Chao Wuxia, Chen Qufei and Xin You 'an were all named after lyrics, chanting their temperament, lingering at the scene, clear and powerful, and able to think strangely. It is also interesting and blunt, and does not modify itself, because the beauty of the lesion comes from the slope.
Wang Shizhen: Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, many people have become famous for their poems for more than two thousand years. Only Cao Zijian, Li Taibai and Su Zizhan are immortal.
Yuan Mei: Talented but heartless, more interesting but less rhyme: Because of his high talent, his academic ability is shallow. There is a kind of rising without knot, more rigidity but less softness: if you try it, you will know that you will be poor sooner or later.
Wang Shizhen: Gu Yun:? Dongposhu has a rough sea. ? You should read Poe's words this way. Zozo and Liu Qi are more bitter, and they laugh at public office when they have nothing to do.
Zhou Ji: People admire Dongpo's generosity, and I admire Dongpo's elegance. Shaoxiu is a good place for Dongpo, and it is straightforward to be sick. Dongpo doesn't work hard at everything. Ancient prose, books and paintings are all famous, and his words are also famous.
Liu Xizai: Dongpo's ci is quite similar to Lao Du's poem, because there is nothing to say. If you are free, it is too white. Taibai's Memory of Qin E is tragic. It was not until the late Tang and Five Dynasties that it became beautiful. You can't go back to ancient times until Dongpo. Later ci theorists still turned Dongpo into a tone sandhi, not knowing that it was a tone sandhi in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. Dongpo's Ding Fengbo says:? I'm still lonely and thin. ? "Lotus Mantra" cloud:? Naturally, it is particularly romantic. ? Ice and snow posture? ,? Romantic standards? People who study poetry can receive it from now on. Dongpo's Ci has the appearance of a fairy being born, which Bai Yuchan can't achieve, but unfortunately it didn't achieve this goal. ?
Zeng Guofan: The ancients called virtue, merit and speech three immortals. Lide is the hardest. Since the Zhou and Han Dynasties, morality has rarely been preached. Xiao, Cao, Fang, Du, Guo, Li, Han and Yue, Ma, Ban, Han, Ou, Li, Du, Su and Huang, how many people are there in ancient and modern times?
Cai Songyun: Dongpo's ci has ten thousand volumes on his chest, and his pen has no dust. Its greatness lies not in its ability to speak out boldly, but in its mind covering all weather. What's the difference if you just attack its appearance? Dongpo's poems are beautiful, elegant and profound, opening up a new world. If you are not broad-minded, how can you have such a spit?
Wang: The ci works of people in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Pan Xiaoyao's detachment, Song's boldness, Ouyang Wenzhong's elegance, Liu's extensive cultivation, Yan Xiaoshan's elegance, Qin Taixu's grace, elegance, solemn and graceful celebration and mellow, can all be simulated. Only Su Wenzhong's pure man is peerless, which makes people unable to follow the steps. It's just a matter of talent, isn't it? His temperament, his knowledge, and his enthusiasm are beyond the imagination of a continuous trend. Su Xin, the lyricist, also said that Xinjude's human feelings are actually good, and Su Qi is almost a fairy!
Shen: Dongpo's poems are like the dance of Ambassador Lei. Although it is extremely world-famous, it should be non-authentic. ? Since then, the mountain has talked about cong language. However, Cai Taize and Tie Wei were talking around the mountain and said, When the emperor was in power, it was peaceful. Skilled craftsmen all have names, such as Liu Zhongfu and Jin Shiming in chess, Brahma and Quanya in piano, Liu Ji 'an in pipa, Lei Zhongqing in dance and Meng Shuiqing in flute. This number depends on the skills of the previous generation. ? However, Ambassador Lei is a stunt in the teaching workshop, and the explanation is not true. Is foreign music true?
Xia Jingguan: Dongpo's ci poems are like spring flowers, which make the willow branches sing, just like the song of the wind and waves in the sky, with many plaintive voices and superiority. If my husband is enthusiastic and arrogant, Chen doesn't: For example, Ambassador Lei's dance, although extremely world-class, should be non-authentic. ? This is its second multiplication. Those who learn from the Soviet Union can only know the second journey, and those who fail to succeed are Jia Xuan. Dongpo's Song of Eternal Sorrow says: Like three drums, one leaf is loud, and the dark dream cloud is broken. The night is boundless, and I can't find a place. I feel that I have traveled all over the small garden. ? These words can be used as the holy land of Dongpo.
Wang Guowei: Compared with the Tang poetry, the Song poetry is as white as Dongpo, as rubbing parsley, and as happy as Qiqing, and Fang Hui is as reasonable as ten sons.
Lin Yutang: Su Dongpo is a hopeless optimist, a great humanist, a friend of the people, a great writer, a great calligrapher, an innovative painter, an experimenter in brewing, an engineer, a puritan hater, a Buddhist in yoga, a great Confucian politician, the secretary of the emperor, Brewmaster, a kind judge and a political naysayer. Astronaut, poet, clown. But this is not enough to tell the whole story of Su Dongpo? Compared with other poets in China, Su Dongpo is rich, varied and humorous, with excellent intelligence, but his mind is like a naive child? This mixture is equal to what Jesus said about the wisdom of snakes and the gentleness of pigeons.
Qian Mu: ① Su Dongpo's poems are great because he has never been politically proud in his life. He was down and out all his life, and all the twists and turns were seen in the poem. However, Su Dongpo's Confucian realm is not high, but his personality is great in the harsh environment elsewhere, like his parts in Huangzhou and later in Huizhou and Qiongzhou. At that time, all the poems were good, but once they were at ease, some of them were not, and the poetic environment was sometimes conventional. The strength of Dongpo's poetry lies in its lofty sentiments and interest. Its quietness is not as good as that of a king, and its loyalty is not as good as that of a king. (2) They (the Su brothers) are covered with a strong color of releasing the old, so they think that there is no positive and ideal standard for world affairs. They are quite sophisticated in dealing with world affairs and respond according to their own cleverness. They also don't believe that one system is better than another. On the other hand, they like rhetoric, so they tend to exaggerate their arguments. When they say it, they talk about it as much as possible. Close to the ancient counsellors.