1. Strictly speaking, those who take refuge in the Three Jewels and practice at home are called lay people who study Buddhism at home. 2. Taking refuge in the Three Jewels, although it is a ritual, is also a good start. 3. What is more important is to take refuge in the three treasures of one’s own nature: awareness, righteousness, and purity. 4. Introduce the essence from the ceremony, listen, think, practice, practice the Five Precepts and Ten Good Deeds, believe in interpretation and practice. Layman: Sanskrit Grha-pati, which means head of household, head of household, elder, property owner, or 'homebody'. Originally refers to the rich man or a highly respected and righteous person from the Vaisya tribe, the third commercial and industrial class in India. But in today's Chinese Buddhist society, all lay Buddhists who believe in Buddhism are generally called lay Buddhists.
The term "lay scholar" is not exclusive to Buddhism. In China's "Book of Rites", the term "lay scholar brocade belt" already exists, which refers to a lay scholar who is dedicated to Taoism and art. , containing the meaning of a hermit.
In India, lay practitioners were not created by Buddhism. In Sanskrit, lay practitioners are called "Karayu". Regardless of whether they believe in Buddhism or not, anyone who lives at home can be called a lay practitioner.
The origin of the honorific title of lay believers in Buddhism probably stems from the "Vimalakīrti Sutra". Vimalakīrti has four honorific titles: "Elder" for expedients, "Elder" for "Manjushri". Those with higher grades are called Masters and Great Masters, while those with higher grades of Bodhisattvas are called lay persons. Because according to the explanations of masters such as Luo Shi, Zhi Zhe, Xuanzang, etc., Vimalakirti is a life-replenishing Bodhisattva from the Eastern Ajax Buddha Kingdom. He shows his current home appearance and saves all living beings. Therefore, the term layman is used to refer to Buddhists at home, which also contains the meaning of respect. The meaning of being a great Bodhisattva is included.
It can be seen that a real layman should be a Mahayana Bodhisattva, not a virgin or hermit with a gray atmosphere.
However, in the Chang Agama Sutra, only the third class of the four major classes, the Vaisyas, are called lay people, and the chief minister of the wheel king is called the lay treasure. , then a layman is equivalent to a businessman, manager or industrialist.
In our country, the word layman originally came from the Yuzao Chapter of the Book of Rites. In Han Feizi's book, it is also said that there are laymen such as Ren Ji, Huashi, etc., which all refer to people who are quite Taoist and do not seek official positions. . Later, many countries in my country and Japan did not follow the original meaning of the sutras, but generally referred to the righteous people as lay people, as shown in Volume 1 of the Commentary on the Meanings of the Surangama Sutra, Volume 7 of the Lotus Sutra, Volume 3 of Zu Ting Shi Yuan, etc. load.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buddhism was prevalent in our country, and Taoist practitioners also called themselves lay scholars. This had a profound influence on the middle- and upper-class intellectuals, so many people took the title "lay scholars". For example, Li Bai, who believed in Taoism, was called "Qinglian layman"; Bai Juyi called himself "Xiangshan layman"; Su Shi was called "Dongpo layman"; Fan Chengda called himself "Shihu layman"; Li Qingzhao called himself "Yi'an layman".
The origin of the layman:
It is said that when Sakyamuni was preaching near Sarnath, an elder in the city of Parana, Yasa, the son of Kurika, was tired of the luxury. He fled to Sarnath late at night and asked Sakyamuni to help him get rid of his troubles. When Sakyamuni heard that Yashe's troubles were similar to his own when he was a prince, he was tired of his current life, so he sympathized with him and sent him to his house. Accepted as a disciple. At this time, Yasa's father, Kalika, looked for his son and came to the Buddha. The Buddha told him about Buddhism: wealth is not reliable, and the most precious thing in life is enlightenment. After enlightenment, he also wanted to become a monk, but he was afraid of having no one to manage his family business. The Buddha taught that it was not necessary to become a monk to believe in Buddhism, so he accepted Kurika as the first lay disciple, who was called Upasaka, which means a householder. After Kulika became an "upasaka", he invited the Buddha to his home to teach. When Sakyamuni was at Kulika's house, he preached the Dharma to Yasa's mother, and Yasa's mother was willing. When Sakyamuni was a believer, she lived a Buddhist family life, so the Buddha accepted her as the first Upasaka, which means a pure and faithful woman. The Chinese translation of the Buddha said that Upasaka and Upasaka practiced at home. Po Yi, if you abide by the five tenets of not killing, not stealing, not engaging in sexual misconduct, not lying, and not drinking alcohol, you will be like the other disciples of the Buddha.
The layman in history
The layman of Qinglian——Li Bai (the great poet of the Tang Dynasty)
The layman of Xiangshan——Bai Juyi (the great poet of the Tang Dynasty)
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The layman who endures humiliation - Sikong Tu (Poet of the Tang Dynasty)
The layman Wushang - Fu Xi (Venerable Liang Shanhui in the Southern and Northern Dynasties)
The layman Lianfeng - Li Yu ( Later Master of the Southern Tang Dynasty)
Longqiu layman——Chen Zhen (Northern Song Dynasty poet)
Endless layman——Zhang Shangying (famous prime minister of Northern Song Dynasty)
Guxi layman ——Li Zhiyi (Northern Song Dynasty writer)
Valley layman——Huang Tingjian (Northern Song Dynasty writer)
Mid-mountain layman——Wang Anshi (Northern Song Dynasty writer)
Fan Zhongyan Layman——Fan Zhongyan (Northern Song Dynasty political writer)
Xiechuan layman——Su Guo (Northern Song Dynasty writer)
Cuiwei layman——Xue Shaopeng (Northern Song Dynasty calligrapher)
A Buddhist layman - Zheng Xia (Northern Song Dynasty writer)
Lumen layman - Mi Fu (Northern Song Dynasty calligrapher)
Thatched Cottage layman - Wei Ye (Northern Song Dynasty poet) )
Liuyi layman——Ouyang Xiu (Northern Song Dynasty writer)
Dongpo layman——Su Shi (Northern Song Dynasty writer)
Huaihai layman——Qin Guan (poet writer of the Northern Song Dynasty)
The lay scholar of Houshan——Chen Shidao (female poet of the Northern Song Dynasty)
The lay scholar of Xiechuan——Su Guo (the writer of the Northern Song Dynasty)
Qingzhen The layman——Zhou Bangyan (famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty)
The traveling layman——Zeng Zhen (late Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty)
The layman in Jiaxuan——Xin Qiji (the poet in the Southern Song Dynasty)
Yizhai layman——Zhao Mengjian (Southern Song Dynasty painter)
Jianzhai layman——Chen Yuyi (Southern Song Dynasty poet)
Luchuan layman——Zhang Yuanqian (Southern Song Dynasty poet) People)
Shilin layman-Ye Mengde (Southern Song Dynasty poet)
Houcun layman-Liu Kezhuang (Southern Song Dynasty writer)
Shenning layman-Wang Yinglin (Scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty)
The lay scholar Yi'an - Li Qingzhao (female poet of the Southern Song Dynasty)
The lay scholar of Chashan - Zeng Ji (poet of the Southern Song Dynasty)
The lay scholar Lucuan - —Zhang Yuanqian (poet writer of the Southern Song Dynasty)
Ji Yougong, a layman from Guanyuan (a writer of the Southern Song Dynasty)
Fan Chengda, a layman from Shihu (a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty)
Suichu layman——You Miao (Southern Song Dynasty poet)
Yuhu layman——Zhang Xiaoxiang (Southern Song Dynasty poet)
Youqi layman——Zhu Shuzhen (Southern Song Dynasty female poet) )
Houcun layman——Liu Kezhuang (Southern Song Dynasty writer)
Shenning layman——Wang Yinglin (Southern Song Dynasty scholar)
Wuxiao layman——Liu Ying (Jin writer)
Yunlin layman——Ni Zan (Yuan Dynasty painter)
Zhanran layman——Yelu Chucai (Yuan politician and poet)
Maohu layman——Lu Juren (calligrapher of Yuan Dynasty)
Qingrong layman——Yuan Jue (famous writer of Yuan Dynasty)
Hengshan layman——Wen Zhengming (Ming painter) , writer)
Wuxian layman——Song Lian (Ming painter)
Shenghua layman——Ding Yunpeng (Ming painter)
Meicun layman——Wu Weiye (poet of the Ming Dynasty)
Ivy League layman—Xu Wei (literary artist in the late Ming Dynasty)
Shitou layman—Yuan Hongdao (Ming Dynasty litterateur)
Cang Ming layman——Li Panlong (Ming Dynasty writer)
Xiangguang layman——Dong Qichang (Ming and Qing calligrapher)
Liuru layman——Tang Yin (Ming painter and writer) )
Zunyan layman——Wang Shenzhong (Ming Dynasty prose writer)
Wenling layman——Li Zhi (Ming Dynasty writer)
Lianxi layman——Xue On Taoism (Ming Dynasty Sanqu Jia)
Shenyu layman——Li Liufang (Ming Dynasty writer and painter)
Die’an layman——Zhang Dai (late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty writer)
Meixi layman——Qian Yong (Ming and Qing writer)
Liuquan layman—Pu Songling (Qing writer)
Hugang layman—Shi Zhenlin (Qing writer)
Rehabilitated layman—Hong Liangji (Qing writer) , Confucian scholar)
Mingshan layman—Zhao Ziyong (Qing writer)
Wansong layman—Qian Zai (Qing poet and painter)
Banqiao lay scholar—Zheng Banqiao (Qing calligrapher, painter, and writer)
Qinxi lay scholar—Cao Xueqin (Qing literary scholar)
Suiyuan lay scholar—Yuan Mei (Qing literary scholar) )
Pochen layman, Yuanming layman—Emperor Yongzheng
Hugang layman—Shi Zhenlin (Qing writer)
Tianping layman—Zhang Zhao (calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty)
Rehabilitated layman--Hong Liangji (Qing writer and Confucian scholar)
Weijian layman--Bian Shoumin (painter of the Qing Dynasty)
p>The lay scholar of Qiaoshan and Guanbai—Zhang Yin (a painter of the Qing Dynasty)
The lay scholar of the Late Study—Wu Xizai (a seal carver of the Qing Dynasty)
The lay scholar of Ping’an— —Weng Tonghe (the number one scholar in the sixth year of Xianfeng, an influential politician in modern history)
Renshan layman—Yang Wenhui (a Buddhist scholar in the late Qing Dynasty)
Dongzhou layman—He Shaoji
Guanhao layman——Yang Yisun
Jingdong layman——Dai Xi
Fanhu layman——Zhou Xian
Fengliu layman—— Suzuki Daizhuo (Japanese Buddhist scholar)
Wu Jing layman—Zhang Zhidong (one of the representatives of the Westernization School of the Qing Dynasty)
Taiyan layman—Zhang Binglin (master of Chinese studies)
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Quyuan layman——Yu Yue (Master of Chinese Studies)
Liangshou layman——Huang Kan (Chinese culture master)
Jiexin layman——Zhao Beixin (contemporary Chinese painting Home)
Chuanli layman——Cui Jianjian (Yiran, contemporary Chinese painter)
Donngling layman——Li Yanxiao (writer, lawyer, photographer, photographing Buddhist ancestral court/ )
Kangde layman——Zhou Shiquan (modern famous doctor)
Ruozhai layman——Zhang Yaohu (modern young calligrapher, writer, poet)