1. Wen Tianxiang
Wen Tianxiang (June 6, 1236 - January 9, 1283), was originally named Yun Sun, also named Song Rui and Lu Shan. The Taoist name is Fuxiu Taoist and Wenshan.
A native of Luling, Jizhou, Jiangxi (now Futian Town, Qingyuan District, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province), a politician, writer, patriotic poet in the late Southern Song Dynasty, a famous anti-Yuan minister, and a national hero, together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie Known as the "Three Heroes of the Late Song Dynasty".
In the fourth year of Baoyou's reign (1256), he ranked first in Jinshi. In the first year of Kaiqing's reign (1259), he was granted the additional title of Chengshi Lang and Signing Letter Ning Haijun, Judge of Jiedu.
In April of the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), he served as war inspector and concurrently as Quanzhi Academy. He was dismissed from office because he drafted an imperial edict that satirized Quan Xiang Jia Sidao.
In the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army marched eastward along the Yangtze River. Wen Tianxiang spent all his wealth on military resources and recruited 50,000 soldiers to defend Lin'an. Xuan served as an envoy for western Zhejiang and Jiangdong and also knew Pingjiang Prefecture. He sent generals to help Changzhou, but because Huai general Zhang Quan failed to save him when he saw the danger, he was defeated and retreated to Yuhang.
Xuan was appointed You Prime Minister and Privy Council Envoy, and was ordered to go to the Yuan army to negotiate peace. He was detained for denounced the Yuan Prime Minister Boyan, and was escorted back on the way north. In May, he met with Zhang Shijie, Minister of Rites Lu Xiufu, and Right Prime Minister Chen Yizhong in Fuzhou to support King Zhao Shi of Yi as emperor, and made a plan to take the sea route north to recover Jiangsu and Zhejiang. However, Chen Yizhong blocked it, so he went to Nanjianzhou (now Nanping, Fujian). Gather troops to resist the Yuan Dynasty.
In May of the second year of Jingyan (1277), he attacked Jiangxi again, but was finally defeated and retreated to Guangdong due to the situation alone. In December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong).
The following year, Zhang Hongfan, the marshal of both the Mongolian and Han armies of the Yuan Dynasty, escorted him to Yashan (today's Xinhui South) and ordered Zhang Shijie to be surrendered. Wen Tianxiang refused and wrote the poem "Crossing the Lingding Ocean" to clarify his ambition.
He was later transferred to Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty (today's Beijing). Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, personally persuaded him to surrender and was promised the post of Prime Minister of Zhongshu. Wen Tianxiang was upright and would rather die than surrender. He died in Dadu on the ninth day of December in the nineteenth year of Yuan Dynasty (January 9, 1283). Aged 47.
He is the author of "Wenshan Poetry Collection", "Guide Record", "Guide Post Record", "Song of Righteousness", etc.
2. Han Xin
Han Xin (about 231 BC - 196 BC), Han nationality, was born in Huaiyin (formerly Huaiyin County, Jiangsu Province, now Huaiyin District, Huai'an City). The founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, a military strategist, one of the Four Saints of Military Strategies, one of the Three Heroes of the Early Han Dynasty, a representative figure of the "military power planner" in Chinese military thought, and was regarded as a "soldier immortal" and "divine commander" by later generations. ?
At the end of the Qin Dynasty, he participated in the anti-Qin struggle and defected to Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu, but was not appointed. He had no choice but to switch to Liu Bang, and was recommended by Xia Houying to serve as Su Duwei, and later recommended by Xiao He as a general. Han Xin also formulated Hanzhong countermeasures for Liu Bang.
After Liu Bang's defeat in Pengcheng, Han Xin first defeated the Chu army between Jing and Suo, and then pacified Wei. Afterwards, he asked for the Northern Expedition to capture the State of Dai. After Liu Bang sent people to collect his elite troops, he defeated the State of Zhao in a last-ditch battle, and at the same time sent people to surrender the State of Yan.
Afterwards, troops were sent to support Liu Bang and the Chu cavalry sent by Xiang Yu to Zhao were eliminated, and the remaining Zhao cities were pacified. After Liu Bang was defeated by Cheng Gao, he took Han Xin's troops and horses and ordered him to capture Qi. After that, Han Xin captured Linzi, wiped out the dragon in Weishui, and led the 200,000 Chu troops to aid Qi.
Han Xin began to attack Chu, and Xiang Yu was forced to sign a gap agreement with Liu Bang. Liu Bang followed Zhang Liang and Chen Ping's strategy and tore up the Chaos Agreement to pursue Xiang Yu, but was defeated by Xiang Yu. In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty, Han Xin joined forces at Gaixia, surrounded and annihilated the Chu army, and Xiang Yu committed suicide.
After Xiang Yu's death, he was relieved of military power and moved to the throne of Chu. Later, he was falsely accused of rebellion and demoted to the title of Marquis of Huaiyin. Empress Lu conspired with Xiao He to trick him into the Changle Palace and beheaded him in the Bell Chamber, and barbarized his three clans.
"The country's scholars are unparalleled" and "their achievements are unparalleled and unparalleled" were the evaluations made by people during the Chu and Han Dynasties. As a commander-in-chief, he captured Wei, replaced and defeated Zhao, threatened Yan, attacked Qi in the east, and destroyed Chu Gaixia in the south. He became famous throughout the country and shocked the world. As a military theorist, he and Zhang Liang compiled military books, sequential art of war, and wrote There are three chapters of "Han Xin" on the Art of War. ?
3. Lin Zexu
Lin Zexu (August 30, 1785 - November 22, 1850), also known as Yuanfu, also named Shaomu and Shilin, and his late name was Qi. The village old man, the retired old man from Qicun, the retired old man from 72 peaks, the Pingquan layman, the Sanren of Lishe, etc. were all natives of Houguan County, Fujian. They were politicians, thinkers and poets during the Qing Dynasty.
He reached the first rank and served as governor of Huguang, Shaanxi-Gansu and Yunnan-Guizhou. He was appointed imperial envoy twice. Because of his advocacy of strictly prohibiting opium, he was known as a "national hero" in China.
In 1839, when Lin Zexu was banning smoking in Guangdong, he sent people to investigate and secretly investigate, forcing foreign opium merchants to hand over opium, and the confiscated opium was destroyed in Humen on June 3, 1839. The destruction of opium in Humen plunged Sino-British relations into a state of extreme tension and became the first Opium War and an excuse for Britain to invade China.
Although Lin Zexu devoted his life to resisting Western invasion, he maintained an open attitude towards Western culture, technology and trade, advocating learning from its best and using it. According to documentary records, he was at least somewhat fluent in English and Portuguese, and he focused on translating Western newspapers, periodicals, and books.
The late Qing thinker Wei Yuan compiled the documents translated by Lin Zexu and his staff into "Hai Guo Tu Zhi". This book inspired the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty and even Japan's Meiji Restoration.
On November 22, 1850, Lin Zexu died of illness in the old county of Puning.
4. Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Juzheng (1525-July 9, 1582), named Shuda, nicknamed Taiyue, and his childhood name Zhang Baigui, was a Wei of Jingzhou, Huguang (now Jingzhou City, Hubei Province) ), with military status, was born in Jiangling County (now part of Jingzhou), so people at that time also called him "Zhang Jiangling".
A politician and reformer in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the chief minister of the cabinet during the Wanli period, assisted the Wanli Emperor Zhu Yijun in creating the "Wanli New Deal", known in history as the "Zhang Juzheng Reform".
In the twenty-sixth year of Jiajing (1547), 23-year-old Zhang Juzheng passed the Jinshi examination. In the first year of Longqing (1567), he served as the left minister of the Ministry of official affairs and the bachelor of Dongge. Later, he moved to the second assistant of the cabinet, and became the minister of the Ministry of official affairs and the bachelor of Jianjidian.
In the sixth year of Longqing (1572), after Ming Shenzong ascended the throne, Zhang Juzheng replaced Gao Gong as the chief minister of the cabinet due to the support of Empress Dowager Li and the eunuch Feng Bao. Ming Shenzong was young at that time, and Zhang Juzheng presided over the adjudication of all major military and political affairs.
In the ten years since Zhang Juzheng served as the chief minister of the cabinet, he implemented a series of reform measures. In terms of finance, the land was cleared and the "one whip method" was implemented. All taxes and labor were paid in silver. "Taicang millet can be used for ten years, and the Zhou temple has accumulated more than four million yuan."
In terms of military affairs, famous generals such as Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang were appointed to the north of the town, and Ling Yunyi, Yin Zhengmao, etc. were used to quell the rebellion in the southwest; in terms of official administration, a comprehensive verification of names and facts was implemented, and the "examination method" was adopted to assess officials at all levels, " Even though we are thousands of miles away, we will follow it from the beginning to the end of the day." The political system is awe-inspiring.
On July 9, the tenth year of Wanli (1582) (the twentieth day of the sixth lunar month), Zhang Juzheng died of illness at the age of fifty-eight. He was given the posthumous title Wenzhong of Shangzhu State (both were later deprived).
Zhang Juzheng was also the only civil servant in the Ming Dynasty who was awarded the title of Taifu or Taishi during his lifetime. After his death, his family was confiscated by Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty, and his reputation was restored in the second year of Emperor Tianqi of Emperor Xizong of the Ming Dynasty (1622). He is the author of "Zhang Taiyue Collection", "Shu Jing Direct Interpretation", "Emperor's Illustrated Commentary", etc.
5. Li Shimin
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (January 28, 598 - July 10, 649), was born in Chengji, Longxi (now Qin'an County, Gansu Province). The second emperor of the Tang Dynasty (reigned from 626 to 649), an outstanding statesman, strategist, military strategist, and poet. He was the second son of Emperor Gaozu Li Yuan of the Tang Dynasty. His mother was Empress Taimu Dou.
Born in Wugong Villa (now Wugong County, Shaanxi Province), he joined the army as a young man and was good at riding and shooting. He once went to Yanmen Pass to rescue Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. He first advocated raising troops in Jinyang and was granted the title of Duke of Dunhuang. He was good at using troops. After entering Chang'an, he was worshiped as Shangshu Ling, General Youwuhou, and was granted the title of Duke of Qin.
After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, he was promoted to General Tiance and Situ, and was granted the title of King of Qin. He pacified the separatist forces such as Xue Rengao, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande, and Wang Shichong, and made great achievements in the establishment and unification of the Tang Dynasty. Establish a literature museum to attract talents.
In the ninth year of Wude (July 2, 626), the "Xuanwu Gate Rebellion" was launched, killing Prince Li Jiancheng, King Qi Li Yuanji and all their sons, and establishing them as crown princes. After Tang Gaozu Li Yuan abdicated, he officially ascended the throne and took the reign name Zhenguan.
In the early days of his reign, he listened to the opinions of his ministers and accepted advice with an open mind. In order to govern the world internally, he practiced strict economy, encouraged farmers and mulberry farmers to achieve recuperation, peace and prosperity for the country and the people, and created the "Government of Zhenguan".
Opened up territory to the outside world, defeated the Eastern Turks and Xueyantuo, conquered Gaochang, Qiuci, and Tuyuhun, severely damaged Goguryeo, and established the four towns of Anxi to allow all ethnic groups to live in harmony, and all ethnic groups in the north had the same honorific title As the "Khan of Heaven", he laid an important foundation for the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty for more than a hundred years.
In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan (July 10, 649), he died in Hanfeng Hall at the age of fifty-two. He reigned for twenty-three years. His temple was named Taizong and he was buried in Zhaoling. He loves literature and calligraphy, and has poems and calligraphy handed down from generation to generation.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Wen Tianxiang
Baidu Encyclopedia - Han Xin
Baidu Encyclopedia - Lin Zexu
Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhang Juzheng
p>Baidu Encyclopedia——Li Shimin