The Forbidden City is the largest and best-preserved ancient palace complex in the world, and it is the embodiment of the highest level of ancient architecture in China.
The Forbidden City in Beijing was built in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406) and completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420). This is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing dynasties, which was called the Forbidden City before 1925.
From 142 1, Cheng Zu moved to Beijing, to191,the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty and drove the last emperor Puyi out of the Forbidden City, ending the rule of the feudal dynasty in China history. The Forbidden City has always been the political and cultural center of the ruling class in China, and has experienced 24 emperors successively.
The Forbidden City covers an area of 720,000 square meters, with a building area of 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. There are more than 980 buildings and more than 8,700 houses. Around the Forbidden City, there are 10-meter-high walls and a moat more than 50 meters wide.
The Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties was built in the center of Beijing, with the north-south axis and the north-south axis, which fully embodied the feudal ruling thought of imperial power first. Outside the Forbidden City, there is an imperial city, surrounded by Beijing and the city, showing a strict hierarchy.
Historically, the Forbidden City has been rebuilt many times due to fires and other reasons, but the basic pattern has not changed. The whole palace building is divided into two parts: the south front yard and the north back yard.
There were three halls in the previous dynasty: Taihe, Zhonghe and Baohe. These three halls are the tallest buildings in the Forbidden City, where the emperor held major ceremonies and were symbols of feudal imperial power.
Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace were the centers of the later dynasties, where emperors, queens, concubines and concubines lived.
The former dynasty followed the later dynasty, with clear boundaries, which could not be crossed casually, reflecting the distinct hierarchy of China's ancient tradition and other ethical concepts inside and outside.
Architects in China have planned such a large-scale building in an orderly way, and combined the Forbidden City into a magnificent building complex with thick walls, doors and courtyards.
The planning and architecture of the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties not only inherited the tradition of ancient architecture in China, but also developed and innovated, which embodied the achievements of ancient culture in China and ancient architecture in China.
The combination of indoor and outdoor building space, the collocation of building volume, the use of materials, the display of sketches, the production of decorations and the choice of colors have all reached a high level, which has produced exciting artistic effects.
The Forbidden City is also the best and richest cultural relic museum in China.
The Palace Museum was built in 1925, and the collection of cultural relics mainly comes from the old collection of the Qing Palace.
During the Anti-Japanese War, in order to ensure the safety of national treasures, five batches of selected cultural relics of the Forbidden City were transferred to the south. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, some of them were shipped back to the Forbidden City and some to Taiwan Province Province.
After the founding of New China, the state made every effort to collect lost cultural relics, making the old and new collections of the Forbidden City reach millions, including bronzes, jade articles, gold and silver wares, ceramics, ivory bamboo carving, silk embroidery, Four Treasures of the Study, calligraphy and painting, furniture and so on. , representing the highest level of history, culture and art in China.
The Forbidden City covers an area of 720,000 square meters, including a building area of163,000 square meters, a length of 96 1 meter from north to south and a width of 753 meters from east to west. Surrounded by a 10-meter-high city wall and a moat with a width of 52 meters. There are exquisite turrets in the four corners.
According to the statistics of 1973, the Forbidden City has more than 90 courtyards and 980 houses, with a total of 8704 rooms.
Shortly after the Ming Dynasty Yongle Emperor Judy ascended the throne, in the fourth year of Yongle, that is, 1406, a letter was written to build the Forbidden City in Beijing.
The construction is divided into two stages. The first stage is to prepare materials from the fourth year of Yongle, and the second stage is to start construction in June of the fifteenth year of Yongle, 14 17, which lasted 14 and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle, 1420.
During the construction process, 65,438+skilled craftsmen and 1 10,000 civilian workers were gathered. The building materials came from all over the country, including white marble from Fangshan, Beijing, golden bricks from Suzhou, lime from Yizhou, Hebei, five-color tiger skin stone from Panshan, Jixian, Hebei, fine masonry for temple foundation from Linqing, Shandong, pine wood from the northeast and nanmu from Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.
The Forbidden City was basically built according to the blueprint of Zhongdu Palace in Ming Dynasty, and the layout planning followed the etiquette system of capital design of "Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji": the former court, the later bedroom, the left ancestor and the right society.
It is roughly divided into two parts: the southern part faces forward and the northern part faces backward.
In the former dynasty, the three halls of Ethereum, Zhonghe and Baohe were the center, and Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall were the east and west wings, which were the places where the emperor held the court meeting.
The second bedroom is centered on Gan Qing, Jiaotai and Kunning, as well as Liugong and Imperial Garden. Waidong Road and Waixi Road are the main buildings. Did the emperor deal with sticking to you? Bald? Uncle? 5. What's the matter with you? Is the seasonal value model dry goods? What's the truth, Lei Xian? ? ⒌∷∷? 0 Take a picture of planting seasonal paper in the temple, silly tomb messenger? Dilute the sauce? The palaces of four emperors, Ming Dynasty 14 and Qing Dynasty 10, ruled for five centuries.
Because of its special position in the history of China and exquisite architectural groups, it was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO in 1987, making it the largest and most well-preserved palace complex in the world.
Now there is a central axis running through the north and south in Beijing, which is called the Great Central Axis by Mr. Liang Sicheng, with a total length of 8.5 kilometers, starting from Yongdingmen in the south and reaching the Bell Tower in the north, of which the imperial city, including the Forbidden City, accounts for one third.
This central axis is also called Long Mai. Jingshan on this line is the center of the inner city and the town mountain of the Forbidden City.
The Forbidden City is the largest and best-preserved ancient palace complex in the world, and it is the embodiment of the highest level of ancient architecture in China.
The Forbidden City in Beijing was built in the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406) and completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420). This is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing dynasties, which was called the Forbidden City before 1925.
From 142 1, Cheng Zu moved to Beijing, to191,the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty and drove the last emperor Puyi out of the Forbidden City, ending the rule of the feudal dynasty in China history. The Forbidden City has always been the political and cultural center of the ruling class in China, and has experienced 24 emperors successively.
The Forbidden City covers an area of 720,000 square meters, with a building area of 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. There are more than 980 buildings and more than 8,700 houses. Around the Forbidden City, there are 10-meter-high walls and a moat more than 50 meters wide.
The Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties was built in the center of Beijing, with the north-south axis and the north-south axis, which fully embodied the feudal ruling thought of imperial power first. Outside the Forbidden City, there is an imperial city, surrounded by Beijing and the city, showing a strict hierarchy.
Historically, the Forbidden City has been rebuilt many times due to fires and other reasons, but the basic pattern has not changed. The whole palace building is divided into two parts: the south front yard and the north back yard.
There were three halls in the previous dynasty: Taihe, Zhonghe and Baohe. These three halls are the tallest buildings in the Forbidden City, where the emperor held major ceremonies and were symbols of feudal imperial power.
Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace were the centers of the later dynasties, where emperors, queens, concubines and concubines lived.
The former dynasty followed the later dynasty, with clear boundaries, which could not be crossed casually, reflecting the distinct hierarchy of China's ancient tradition and other ethical concepts inside and outside.
Architects in China have planned such a large-scale building in an orderly way, and combined the Forbidden City into a magnificent building complex with thick walls, doors and courtyards.
The planning and architecture of the Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties not only inherited the tradition of ancient architecture in China, but also developed and innovated, which embodied the achievements of ancient culture in China and ancient architecture in China.
The combination of indoor and outdoor building space, the collocation of building volume, the use of materials, the display of sketches, the production of decorations and the choice of colors have all reached a high level, which has produced exciting artistic effects.
Dongzhou Shi Guwen
Qin carved stones in the Warring States Period.
There are ten stone drums, which are shaped like drums. Each stone drum is engraved with a four-character poem and ten * * * poems, which describe the hunting of the king of Qin, so the stone drum is also called hunting.
The handwriting is worn out, and it is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Shi Guwen has an important position in the history of calligraphy.
Its font is a typical Qin calligraphy style, which has a great influence on the appearance of Xiao Zhuan in the late Qin Dynasty.
At the same time, its own artistic achievements are also very high. Its structure is square and even, with generous stretch, full and round lines and strong brushwork. There is no trace of pictograms between the lines of Shi Guwen, which is a symbol structure composed of lines.
In "Heroes of the Condor", Huang Rong said that Zhu Ziliu and Shi Guwen beat Huo Dou together, but later he didn't carefully check what the words were. This time, it is also a gift.
This is also copied from others, hehe, by the way, I know about it myself.