1. Two common types
From the perspective of chapter structure, narrative essays on sentimental themes are mainly divided into two forms: one is - first narrate, and then Start another natural paragraph to clearly reveal the philosophy contained in the story itself. In another form, the author only describes the event itself, embedding philosophy in the description process, and letting the readers think and taste the truth they want to reveal.
For example:
The Farmer and the Snake
The cold wind howled and the snow fell. A lonely and kind-hearted old man went out and found a frozen snake in the snow. Looking at this homeless snake and thinking about his poor and miserable fate, the old man felt compassion. He picked up the snake with both hands and put it into his arms, using his own body temperature to warm the snake. Gradually, the snake woke up in the farmer's arms. Seeing this, the farmer was very happy. Nothing is more meaningful than saving a little life. But what he didn't expect was that before the smile on the farmer's face faded away, the snake that had just woken up bit him severely. The snake's venom spread quickly, and soon the farmer fell down and died at the hands of the poisonous snake he rescued. Not long after, the poisonous snake also died, because he no longer had the warmth of the farmer. When the farmer was dying, he said regretfully: "I don't distinguish between good and evil, and I always do good. As a result, I hurt myself, which is also a kind of retribution."
This story tells us: We should take different measures to deal with different people. Different attitudes and methods - a warm helping hand can only reach out to kind-hearted beings; protecting evil means assisting evildoers, and will eventually be harmed by them.
The article is divided into two parts: the first part describes the story of a farmer who rescued a snake but was bitten to death by a poisonous snake; the second part starts from this small incident and thinks about what we should do similar things and reveals his own Unique understanding. The author's philosophy of life is contained in the story, but it is not limited to the story itself.
Another example:
A blessing in disguise
During the Warring States Period, there was an old man named Sai Weng who raised many horses. One day, one of the horses suddenly went missing. When the neighbors heard about it, they came to comfort him and try to help him find his lost property. Sai Weng waved his hands, smiled and dissuaded everyone and said: "Losing a horse is not necessarily a bad thing, maybe it will bring me blessings." The neighbors could not understand what Sai Weng said, and they all thought the old man was very funny. .
A few days later, not only did the lost horse come back, but a horse was also brought back. Neighbors came to congratulate him one after another, but Sai Weng seemed worried. He sighed and said to himself: "I got a good horse for free, and it may cause disaster." Everyone thought that the old man must be ecstatic at this time, but it was just because of his age. , just pretending to be serious in front of everyone.
Sai Weng has an only son who likes riding horses very much. When he saw that the horse was fat and strong, running as fast as the wind, and full of energy, he naturally fell in love with it. One day, while his horse was galloping, he accidentally lost the rein and fell off the horse, breaking his leg. Neighbors heard about it and came over to express their condolences. Unexpectedly, Sai Weng looked calm, as if the accident had nothing to do with him: "Even though my son broke his leg, maybe this is a big happy event!" Neighbors thought he was mentally disturbed.
Soon, the Huns invaded. According to the imperial court's order, all healthy young people near the border fortress must be drafted into the army to protect their families and the country. Sai Weng's son naturally stayed at home because he broke his leg. After several battles, all these young warriors were stained with blood on the battlefield. Only Sai Weng's son survived because of his lameness.
This article, from beginning to end, only tells a short story. The author did not reveal his own unique insights, but included them in the story - blessings are the source of disasters, and misfortunes are where blessings lie. Writing down people's stories is just a means of expression, and its real purpose is to reveal universal philosophy and express the author's unique insights (insights, understanding) of the objective world.
This writing method expresses one's own feelings implicitly and euphemistically, without being limited to the author's own understanding. It can give readers more thinking space and allow them to think deeply. "The benevolent sees benevolence and the wise see wisdom."
It must be emphasized that although the insights revealed in this type of article are contained in a specific event, the author is not talking about the facts when expressing his own insights and revealing the philosophy of life. One flower, one world, one tree, one Bodhi. The author uses divergent thinking: from the success or failure of a single event to thinking about similar events, he summarizes the solutions and rules for similar things. At the same time, do not reveal the philosophy of life that others have already revealed. Echoing what others say will only make readers "disappetizing" - to reveal philosophy, you must adhere to the principle of "seeing what others have not seen, and knowing what others do not know", and write about your own new discoveries and new ideas. Views, only in this way can readers be refreshed and gain new enlightenment.
2. Common title forms
(1) Use the topic type as the title. Since it is a subject of enlightenment, we directly use the word "enlightenment" as the root word to form a proposition. Such as: "Sudden Enlightenment", "Enlightenment", "Reflection", etc. Although some do not have the word "enlightenment", they use synonyms or synonyms of "enlightenment" to make propositions. Such as: "wake up", "reflect", "think". In addition, before and after the above two forms, the object of "perception" is added to form a proposition. Such as: "Perception of Life", "Thoughts on Frustration", "What Life Taught Me", "Reflection on Love", "Perception of Life", "Epiphany of Yesterday's Cobweb", etc.
(2) Use a philosophical theme as the title. If an article wants to reveal some philosophy, use this philosophy as the title. For example: "Sunshine always comes after the storm", "Giving roses leaves lingering fragrance", "The fragrance of wine is not afraid of deep alleys", "The value of life lies in the width of life", "Be yourself", "Go your own way" , "Don't ignore the scenery on the roadside in order to rush on the road" and so on.
(3) Use the main character as the title. For example: "The Old Man", "Wu Lao Er", "Seventh Uncle", etc.
(4) Use the central event as the title. For example: "Examination", "Three Qi Zhou Yu", "Mid-Autumn Festival Rushing to the Mountain", "The First Jump from the Nest" and so on.
(5) Use the main characters and central events as titles. For example: "A blessing in disguise", "The old man watching the show", "The Foolish Old Man Moves the Mountain" and so on.
(6) The main things involved in the main characters and central events. For example: "The Mountain Old Man and the Dog", "The Farmer and the Snake", "The Story of the Sniper and the Apple" and so on.
The most common propositions are the first two forms.
3. Common opening forms
(1) Start with an event and start describing the classic story selected by the author
The two examples cited above - - "The Farmer and the Snake" and "A blessing in disguise" are all written in this way. It is worth noting that the narrative is in the front and the reflections are written in the back. The entire article only contains two natural paragraphs, which is unacceptable for school compositions and examination compositions - as long as formal education and teaching are involved, the composition must contain at least three natural paragraphs. .
(2) Emphasize the unique feeling that one or several small things gave you
Write the event first, but do not describe it in detail. Either describe it in summary, or use "There is a small thing" ", "Have a special experience", "There are a few small things", "There are several life pictures", "There are two unique moments" and other uncertain forms of expression. Then put aside the specific feelings, use one or two words to emphasize the unique feeling that this or these things gave you, summarize the whole text, and naturally lead to the specific events that will be described in detail below.
For example:
1. The total time spent face-to-face with Premier Zhou was only one hour at most, but in this short sixty minutes, there were three wonderful moments. But it is deeply engraved in my memory and will be unforgettable for the rest of my life. (The incident - the "three moments" of spending an hour with Premier Zhou, the unique feeling the incident gave the author is - wonderful, deeply imprinted, and unforgettable)
2. It has been eight years since my grandma passed away.
Whenever I think of how I treated my grandma, it still feels like a thorn in my back and a lump in my throat. (The incident - what I did to my grandma; the unique feeling those actions brought to me - like a thorn in my back, like a lump in my throat.)
3. When I was six years old, because of difficulties at home, I stole the house next door. Grandma Wang, one dollar. Although the money was not much, from that day on, I was destined to carry a cross on my back that could never be lifted off. (Event - I stole a dollar from Grandma Wang next door; Unique feeling - The cross on my back that will never be removed.)
4. Some things, once done, will stay with you forever. in the soul. (Event - something; unique feeling - unforgettable in a lifetime)
(3) Explain the specific time, place, or unique reason for the generation of a certain feeling
In an ordinary state Under certain conditions, human thinking shows a kind of lazy inertia. Only at a specific time, a specific place, and a specific situation, when the human nerves are fully stimulated, will they suddenly become active and generate feelings that they have never experienced before. Feelings, discovering patterns that are usually never noticed, seeing the essence that are usually never recognized, and generating "enlightenment" and "inspiration" that are difficult for even oneself to understand. By explaining the time, place or reason for the generation of a certain unique insight, specific events can be naturally elicited, and then the story can be used to explain things and provide people with profound life enlightenment.
For example:
1. I truly realized the value of life at the age of thirty-two, in a humble barber shop in Paris. (Explain the time and place when the unique sentiment was generated)
2. Happiness is exchanging the flowers in your hands for the smiles of others. I understand this because ten years ago I went to a New Year's Day party with a friend, and a stranger asked me for a bowl of hot millet porridge. (Explain the time and reason for the unique perception)
3. Last autumn, I was invited to participate in a calligraphy and painting exhibition held by the Municipal Cultural Palace. The works of calligraphers and painters and their popular explanations made me deeply understand for the first time: art highly depends on the state of the artist's soul. (Explain the time, place and cause of the unique perception)
(4) Stand on the level of life, life, career, country and mankind, use metaphors to highlight the importance of the decisive factors in "perception"
Any kind of perception consists of two parts: one is the restricting factors and the other is the result. For example: Time is money, the limiting factor is "time", and the result is "(gain or lose) money". Another example: Humility is the ladder of life progress. The constraint is "humility" and the result is "progress in life". Emphasizing the constraints clearly expresses the author's sentiments. The restricting factors can be divided into three aspects: first, objective conditions; second, subjective understanding; and third, specific behavior.
For example:
1. Life is a game of chess. Without thinking, every player will lose. (The metaphor is set up from the perspective of "life", emphasizing the importance of "thinking", implying the author's life insights that he wants to reveal - without in-depth "thinking", there will be no good life.)
2. Career is a vast wilderness, feasible goals are good seeds, hard work is the rain and dew, and harmonious interpersonal relationships are the sunshine. Without good seeds, rain, dew and sunshine, no matter how fertile the land is, it will be barren. (The metaphor is set up from the perspective of "career", emphasizing the importance of restrictive factors - "feasible goals", "hard work", "harmonious interpersonal relationships", implying the author's life insights to be revealed - only by establishing practical and feasible Only by setting goals, working hard, and establishing harmonious interpersonal relationships can your career flourish.)
3. Happiness is a river, and the source of happiness is an iceberg. Without the sunshine of love, the iceberg will not melt and the water of happiness will dry up. (The metaphor is set up from the perspective of "happiness", emphasizing the importance of the restrictive factor - "love", implying the author's life insights to be revealed - only by giving unlimited love can we obtain more happiness. A person who is stingy in giving love can gain more happiness. For people, the ending can only be desolate and painful.
)
(5) Use analogy or analogy techniques to embody feelings in several images and their relationships outside of the central event
"Gold is not enough to be red" can contain " "Everyone has shortcomings and shortcomings, and we cannot blame everyone", "A white jade has slight flaws", "A ruler is short and an inch is strong" can also contain the same philosophy. When the author wants to use what someone has done to reveal a certain life sentiment, at the beginning of the article, he can put aside these specific things and use other images and the relationship between images to express this implicitly and generally. This kind of sentiment serves as the beginning of the article.
For example:
1. If the mountain is not high, there will be immortals and it will be famous; if the water is not deep, there will be dragons and spirits; this is a humble house, but I am virtuous. (The last sentence is the unique life sentiment that the author wants to reveal. You may or may not write it. If you don't write it, you will use the analogy method to start; if you write it, you will use the analogy method to start. The comparison in the analogy method is "analogy")
2. If you click on a wrong decimal place, you will be wrong by ten miles; if you carelessly sign a symbol, you will lose the opportunity for further study; if you love a villain by mistake, you will be close to the person in tears for a lifetime. (The philosophy to be revealed is: some seemingly very small mistakes will decisively affect the overall situation. With the help of images such as decimal points, correct results, symbols, universities, villains, tears, and the relationship between the images, the philosophy to be revealed is invisible. Express it)
3. The lotus emerges from the mud but is not stained; the jade hidden in the barren mountain is not humble; the moon is not obscured by the clouds. (The author uses the core events to reveal the life insights: What can have a decisive influence on life is not the harsh environment and lack of objective conditions, but the key to one's own character. At the beginning, he uses lotus, sludge, pollution, white jade, barren mountains, The images of humbleness, bright moon, clouds, and darkness, as well as the relationship between them, hide the feelings to be revealed and serve as the beginning of the article)
The analogy is first, and the last sentence reveals what the author wants to reveal. The sentiments are directly explained. If you only make similar comparisons without elaborating specific insights, it is an analogy. Usually, there are three sentences written.
IV. Common ways of writing the main part
(1) Prerequisites for writing the main part well
1. Two forms of expression of clear feelings
The first is the level of theoretical understanding - pointing out how to understand the objective world correctly. People's understanding of the objective world always progresses from shallow to deep, from simple to complex. With the progress of society, people's age and experience increase, people continue to analyze and summarize various things, phenomena, and problems, and they will always generate theoretical understandings that are different from their predecessors and others. This kind of theoretical understanding includes the nature, uniqueness, differences, rules of doing things, etc. of physical objects. This is the first form of expression of perception. For example: humans evolved from apes, the extinction of dinosaurs was caused by the deterioration of the geological environment caused by the movement of the earth's plates, the connotation of capitalism is the exploitation of people by humans, and everything has a process of emergence, development, climax, decline, and death; Everything is difficult at the beginning; if you lie often, you will inevitably lose the trust of others; if you do things carelessly, you will inevitably fail in the end, etc.
The second is the level of social practice - pointing out which attitude and method to adopt for practice is correct. To do one thing, there are many attitudes and methods. Point out which attitude is correct, which attitude is wrong, which method is correct and which method is wrong - correct judgment on human behavior. Guidance is the third form of enlightenment. For example: you must concentrate on doing things and not be half-hearted; you must use a positive attitude to deal with the setbacks in life; you must be humble; you must pay attention to macro planning when doing things, but also pay attention to details, etc.
2. Clarify the writing principle of embedding insights into events and expressing insights through events
For a narrative essay about insights, you should either write about the events first, and then describe the meaning contained in the events. Philosophy is revealed; or a single narrative allows readers to understand the philosophy of life contained in the event through reading and thinking about the event.
Regardless of the writing form, during the narrative process, the author must first incorporate the life insights to be revealed into the narrative, and use certain techniques to allow readers to clearly feel this implicit philosophy. Otherwise, two common situations will occur in the written articles: First, there is no connection between the events described earlier and the philosophy revealed later, which makes people feel that the affairs are "two layers of skin" and are rigidly tied together. Second, there is a slight connection between the events described earlier and the truth revealed later, but the connection is not close, specious, and far-fetchedly tied together. This is also a difficulty that sentimental works must overcome.
(2) Narrative method that integrates facts into things
1. List a variety of similar phenomena
The laws and nature of things are derived from many When summarizing a phenomenon, it is natural to list three or more similar phenomena, embedding the author's insights into the events.
For example:
1. Ice turns into water when heated enough; wood burns when heated enough; gunpowder explodes when heated enough. (Different things, same conditions, different results)
Listing three substances in different states under the same conditions will naturally lead to the rule that "sufficiently heating things will change the state of the object" embedded in the narrative.
2. A published several articles, which were well received by the literary circle. He considered himself the most famous contemporary writer, and stopped studying literary theory or engaging in more creative practice. From then on, No more outstanding works came out after that. Person B engages in aquaculture and studies various breeding techniques every day. He has achieved a bumper harvest and huge economic benefits. He is called the "King of Fishes" by his peers. He can't help but think that he has the most advanced breeding experience. He has mastered all the methods and methods, and he walks around in bars and dance halls every day. Unexpectedly, a new type of infectious disease strikes, which he has never seen before. He is helpless. In less than twenty days, the foundation built over more than ten years was wiped out. Bing is passionate about calligraphy. After seven years of careful practice, he won the special prize in the youth category of the "Xinghua Village Cup", the country's largest calligraphy award. After winning the grand prize, he felt that he had reached the highest level of calligraphy art. He traveled around giving lectures, giving live demonstrations, and serving as a judge every day. Within two years, he was left far behind by many rising stars. (The characters are different, and they are engaged in different industries. They all achieved impressive results in the early stage, but then they were all arrogant and unwilling to make progress, and they all ended up in defeat)
Listing these three similar incidents will make "no matter what the original achievements were." No matter how outstanding the achievements are, as long as you are complacent and arrogant, it will inevitably lead to ultimate failure." This sentiment is contained in the narrative.
3. Li Wan’s life seems destined to be full of tragedy. When I was young, I studied, I was very talented, and I could learn quickly. However, because of the difference of one mark in the college exam, I missed the opportunity to go to college. When he reached middle age, he opened a fireworks field and the business was booming. However, a casually thrown cigarette butt caused the factory to explode and he lost all his profits at once. He was nearly 60 years old and was taking care of his grandson at home. The child caught a cold and he mistakenly gave him a piece of cockroach medicine. His grandson died and he also died in depression. (The characters are the same, the time is different, the things are done differently, the behavior of not being rigorous and paying attention to details is the same, and the result of a huge accident is the same every time)
List three similar things that a person does, and it will be The life sentiment of "If you don't do things rigorously and pay attention to details, you will inevitably pay a heavy price" is embedded in the narrative.
Note: This way of writing must select similar events. The total number of events must be 3, or a little more, such as 4, but not too many. More than 4 will give people a verbose look. The feeling of verbosity.
2. List positive and negative phenomena (events) side by side
To be continued